Relationship between interleukin-6 and ammonia in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy due to liver cirrhosis

Hepatology Research

Volumn 42, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 1202-1210

  Luo, Ming ^a,c   Li, Lei ^a   Yang, Er Na ^b   Cao, Wu Kui ^c  

^a TIANJIN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b TIANJIN UNIVERSITY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE   (China)

^c Tianjin Infectious Disease Hospital   (China)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Interleukin 6; Minimal hepatic encephalopathy; Relationship

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; INTERLEUKIN 6;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIGIT SYMBOL TEST; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; HUMAN; INDEPENDENT VARIABLE; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NUMBER CONNECTION TEST PART A; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PSYCHOMETRY;

EID: 84870280203     PISSN: 13866346     EISSN: 1872034X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01047.x     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Ferenci P, Lockwood A, Mullen K, Tarter R, Weissenborn K, Blei AT. Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis, and quantification: final report of the working party at the 11th World Congresses of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998. Hepatology 2002; 35: 716-21.
2. Das A, Dhiman RK, Saraswat VA, Verma M, Naik SR. Prevalence and natural history of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16: 531-5.
3. Srivastava A, Yadav SK, Yachha SK, Thomas MA, Saraswat VA, Gupta RK. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are raised in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26: 979-86.
4. Montoliu C, Piedrafita B, Serra MA etal. IL-6 and IL-18 in blood may discriminate cirrhotic patients with and without minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 43: 272-9.
5. Shawcross DL, Davies NA, Williams R, Jalan R. Systemic inflammatory response exacerbates the neuropsychological effects of induced hyperammonemia in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2004; 40: 247-54.
6. Li YY, Nie YQ, Sha WH etal. Prevalence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients in China. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10: 2397-401.
7. Randolph C, Hilsabeck R, Kato A etal. Neuropsychological assessment of hepatic encephalopathy: ISHEN practice guidelines. Liver Int 2009; 29: 629-35.
8. Rothman KJ. The estimation of synergy or antagonism. Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 506-11.
9. Ukoumunne OC, Davison AC, Gulliford MC, Chinn S. Non-parametric bootstrap confidence intervals for the intraclass correlation coefficient. Stat Med 2003; 22: 3805-21.
10. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S. Confidence interval estimation of interaction. Epidemiology 1992; 3: 452-6.
11. Shawcross DL, Wright G, Olde Damink SW, Jalan R. Role of ammonia and inflammation in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2007; 22: 125-38.
12. Butterworth RF. Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy: the concept of synergism. Hepatol Res 2008; 38: 116-21.
13. Häussinger D. Low grade cerebral edema and the pathogenesis of hepatic ence-phalopathy in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006; 43: 1187-90.
14. Lodi R, Tonon C, Stracciari A etal. Diffusion MRI shows increased water apparent diffusion coefficient in the brains of cirrhotics. Neurology 2004; 62: 762-6.
15. Sharma P, Sharma BC, Sarin SK. Predictors of nonresponse to lactulose for minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Int 2009; 29: 1365-71.
16. Wright G, Shawcross D, Olde Damink SW, Jalan R. Brain cytokine flux in acute liver failure and its relationship with intracranial hypertension. Metab Brain Dis 2007; 22: 375-88.
17. Weaver JD, Huang MH, Albert M, Harris T, Rowe JW, Seeman TE. Interleukin-6 and risk of cognitive decline:MacArthur studies of successful aging. Neurology 2002; 59: 371-8.
18. Krabbe KS, Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R, Smed A, Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H. Low-dose endotoxemia and human neuropsychological functions. Brain Behav Immun 2005; 19: 453-60.
19. Nelson TE, Netzeband JG, Gruol DL. Chronic interleukin-6 exposure alters metabotropic glutamate receptor-activated calcium signalling in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 20: 2387-400.
20. Duchini A, Govindarajan S, Santucci M, Zampi G, Hofman FM. Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 on fluid-phase permeability and ammonia diffu-sion in CNS-derived endothelial cells. J Investig Med 1996; 44: 474-82.
21. Alvarez VM, Rama Rao KV, Brahmbhatt M, Norenberg MD. Interaction between cytokines and ammonia in the mitochondrial permeability transition in cultured astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89: 2028-40.
22. Felipo V, Urios A, Montesinos E etal. Contribution of hyperammonemia and inflammatory factors to cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2012; 27: 51-8.
23. Jia L, Zhang MH. Comparison of probiotics and lactulose in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 908-11.
24. Kalambokis GN, Tsianos EV. Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatology 2012; 55: 655-6.
25. Liu Q, Duan ZP, Ha DK, Bengmark S, Kurtovic J, Riordan SM. Synbiotic modulation of gut flora: effect on minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2004; 39: 1441-9.
26. Kalambokis GN, Mouzaki A, Rodi M, Tsianos EV. Rifaximin improves thrombocytopenia in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis in association with reduction of endotoxaemia. Liver Int 2012; 32: 467-75.
27. Schiltz JC, Sawchenko PE. Signaling the brain in systemic inflammation: the role of perivascular cells. Front Biosci 2003; 8: 1321-9.
28. Bémeur C, Qu H, Desjardins P, Butterworth RF. IL-1 or TNF receptor gene deletion delays onset of encephalopathy and attenuates brain edema in experimental acute liver failure. Neurochem Int 2010; 56: 213-5.