메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 442-449

West Nile virus cluster analysis and vertical transmission in Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in Sacramento and Yolo Counties, California, 2011

Author keywords

Culex pipiens; Focus detection; Vertical transmission; West Nile virus

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CULEX; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; FEMALE; PATHOGENICITY; UNITED STATES; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIROLOGY; WEST NILE FEVER; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

EID: 84870271646     PISSN: 10811710     EISSN: 19487134     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012.00248.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0018377696 scopus 로고
    • Transovarial transmission of yellow fever virus by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)
    • Aitken, T.H.G., R.B. Tesh, B.J. Beaty, and L. Rosen 1979. Transovarial transmission of yellow fever virus by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 28: 119-121.
    • (1979) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.28 , pp. 119-121
    • Aitken, T.H.G.1    Tesh, R.B.2    Beaty, B.J.3    Rosen, L.4
  • 2
    • 33845217651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of vertical and horizontal transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens in the Northeastern United States
    • Anderson, J.F. and A.J. Main 2006. Importance of vertical and horizontal transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens in the Northeastern United States. J. Infect. Dis. 194: 1577-1579.
    • (2006) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.194 , pp. 1577-1579
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Main, A.J.2
  • 3
    • 44449178805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrinsic incubation periods for horizontal and vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)
    • Anderson, J.F., A.J. Main, K. Delroux, and E. Fikrig 2008. Extrinsic incubation periods for horizontal and vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 45: 445-451.
    • (2008) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.45 , pp. 445-451
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Main, A.J.2    Delroux, K.3    Fikrig, E.4
  • 4
    • 33750960902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus from female and male mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in subterranean, ground, and canopy habitats in Connecticut
    • Anderson, J.F., T.G. Andreadis, A.J. Main, F.J. Ferrandino, and C.R. Vossbrinck 2006. West Nile virus from female and male mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in subterranean, ground, and canopy habitats in Connecticut. J. Med. Entomol. 43: 1010-1019.
    • (2006) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.43 , pp. 1010-1019
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Andreadis, T.G.2    Main, A.J.3    Ferrandino, F.J.4    Vossbrinck, C.R.5
  • 5
    • 84862912141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontal and vertical transmission of West Nile virus genotype NY99 by Culex salinarius and genotypes NY99 and WN02 by Culex tarsalis
    • Anderson, J.F., A.J. Main, G. Cheng, F.J. Ferrandino, and E. Fikrig 2012. Horizontal and vertical transmission of West Nile virus genotype NY99 by Culex salinarius and genotypes NY99 and WN02 by Culex tarsalis. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 86: 134-139.
    • (2012) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.86 , pp. 134-139
    • Anderson, J.F.1    Main, A.J.2    Cheng, G.3    Ferrandino, F.J.4    Fikrig, E.5
  • 6
    • 77956561922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on hibernating populations of Culex pipiens from a West Nile virus endemic focus in New York City: parity rates and isolation of West Nile virus
    • Andreadis, T.G., P.M. Armstrong, and W.I. Bajwa 2010. Studies on hibernating populations of Culex pipiens from a West Nile virus endemic focus in New York City: parity rates and isolation of West Nile virus. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 26: 257-264.
    • (2010) J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. , vol.26 , pp. 257-264
    • Andreadis, T.G.1    Armstrong, P.M.2    Bajwa, W.I.3
  • 8
    • 0027183542 scopus 로고
    • Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex and Aedes species mosquitoes
    • Baqar, S., C.G. Hayes, J.R. Murphy, and D.M. Watts 1993. Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex and Aedes species mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48: 757-762.
    • (1993) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.48 , pp. 757-762
    • Baqar, S.1    Hayes, C.G.2    Murphy, J.R.3    Watts, D.M.4
  • 9
    • 77956454370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal abundance of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in California
    • Barker, C.M., B.F. Eldridge, and W.K. Reisen 2010. Seasonal abundance of Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in California. J. Med. Entomol. 47: 759-768.
    • (2010) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.47 , pp. 759-768
    • Barker, C.M.1    Eldridge, B.F.2    Reisen, W.K.3
  • 10
    • 41049105910 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of Culex p. pipiens and Culex p. quinquefasciatus in North America
    • Barr, A.R. 1957. The distribution of Culex p. pipiens and Culex p. quinquefasciatus in North America. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 6: 153-165.
    • (1957) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.6 , pp. 153-165
    • Barr, A.R.1
  • 12
    • 16544371518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discovery of West Nile virus in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
    • Bugbee, L.M. and L.R. Forte 2004. The discovery of West Nile virus in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 20: 326-327.
    • (2004) J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. , vol.20 , pp. 326-327
    • Bugbee, L.M.1    Forte, L.R.2
  • 13
    • 84877930693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Department of Public Health (CDPH). 2003 West Nile Activity in California.
    • California Department of Public Health (CDPH). 2003. 2003 West Nile Activity in California. http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=53.
    • (2003)
  • 14
    • 84877928384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Department of Public Health (CDPH). 2004 West Nile Activity in California.
    • California Department of Public Health (CDPH). 2004. 2004 West Nile Activity in California. http://www.westnile.ca.gov/news.php?id=54.
    • (2004)
  • 15
    • 43949106325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California Department of Public Health (CDPH). . California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA
    • California Department of Public Health (CDPH). 2011. California mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan. California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA
    • (2011) California mosquito-borne virus surveillance and response plan
  • 16
    • 45249117009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of aerial spraying of mosquito adulticide in reducing incidence of West Nile virus, California, 2005
    • Carney, R., S. Husted, C. Jean, C. Glaser, and V. Kramer 2008. Efficacy of aerial spraying of mosquito adulticide in reducing incidence of West Nile virus, California, 2005. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14: 747-754.
    • (2008) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.14 , pp. 747-754
    • Carney, R.1    Husted, S.2    Jean, C.3    Glaser, C.4    Kramer, V.5
  • 17
    • 0033211544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis - New York, 1999
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 1999. Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis - New York, 1999. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rpt. 48: 845-849.
    • (1999) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rpt. , vol.48 , pp. 845-849
  • 18
    • 0042845788 scopus 로고
    • The design and use of a modified Reiter gravid mosquito trap for mosquito-borne encephalitis surveillance in Los Angeles County, California
    • Cummings, R.F. 1992. The design and use of a modified Reiter gravid mosquito trap for mosquito-borne encephalitis surveillance in Los Angeles County, California. Proc. Mosq. Vector Contr. Assoc. Calif. 60: 170-176.
    • (1992) Proc. Mosq. Vector Contr. Assoc. Calif. , vol.60 , pp. 170-176
    • Cummings, R.F.1
  • 19
    • 0036632637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)
    • Dohm, D.J., M.R. Sardelis, and M.J. Turell 2002. Experimental vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 39: 640-644.
    • (2002) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.39 , pp. 640-644
    • Dohm, D.J.1    Sardelis, M.R.2    Turell, M.J.3
  • 21
    • 0014232023 scopus 로고
    • The effect of temperature and photoperiod on blood-feeding and ovarian development in mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex
    • Eldridge, B.F. 1968. The effect of temperature and photoperiod on blood-feeding and ovarian development in mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 17: 133-140.
    • (1968) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.17 , pp. 133-140
    • Eldridge, B.F.1
  • 22
    • 0018318955 scopus 로고
    • Experimental hiberation studies in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae): reactivation of ovarian development and blood-feeding in prehibernating females
    • Eldridge, B.F. and C.L. Bailey 1979. Experimental hiberation studies in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae): reactivation of ovarian development and blood-feeding in prehibernating females. J. Med. Entomol. 15: 462-467.
    • (1979) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.15 , pp. 462-467
    • Eldridge, B.F.1    Bailey, C.L.2
  • 23
    • 19544383621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of West Nile viral RNA from an overwintering pool of Culex pipens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Jersey, 2003
    • Farajollahi, A., W.J. Crans, P. Bryant, B. Wolf, K.L. Burkhalter, M.S. Godsey, S.E. Aspen, and R.S. Nasci 2005. Detection of West Nile viral RNA from an overwintering pool of Culex pipens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Jersey, 2003. J. Med. Entomol. 42: 490-494.
    • (2005) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.42 , pp. 490-494
    • Farajollahi, A.1    Crans, W.J.2    Bryant, P.3    Wolf, B.4    Burkhalter, K.L.5    Godsey, M.S.6    Aspen, S.E.7    Nasci, R.S.8
  • 24
    • 0019483680 scopus 로고
    • Transovarial transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus by Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes
    • Francy, D.B., W.A. Rush, M. Montoya, D.S. Inglish, and R.A. Bolin 1981. Transovarial transmission of St. Louis encephalitis virus by Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 30: 699-705.
    • (1981) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.30 , pp. 699-705
    • Francy, D.B.1    Rush, W.A.2    Montoya, M.3    Inglish, D.S.4    Bolin, R.A.5
  • 25
    • 0036917539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus
    • Goddard, L.B., A.E. Roth, W.K. Reisen, and T.W. Scott 2002. Vector competence of California mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8: 1385-1391.
    • (2002) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 1385-1391
    • Goddard, L.B.1    Roth, A.E.2    Reisen, W.K.3    Scott, T.W.4
  • 26
    • 1342324616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by three California Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) species
    • Goddard, L.B., A.E. Roth, W.K. Reisen, and T.W. Scott 2003. Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by three California Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) species. J. Med. Entomol. 40: 743-746.
    • (2003) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.40 , pp. 743-746
    • Goddard, L.B.1    Roth, A.E.2    Reisen, W.K.3    Scott, T.W.4
  • 27
    • 0021325038 scopus 로고
    • Experimental transovarial transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis virus by Culex and Aedes mosquitoes
    • Hardy, J.L., L. Rosen, W.C. Reeves, R.P. Scrivani, and S.B. Presser 1984. Experimental transovarial transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis virus by Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 33: 166-175.
    • (1984) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.33 , pp. 166-175
    • Hardy, J.L.1    Rosen, L.2    Reeves, W.C.3    Scrivani, R.P.4    Presser, S.B.5
  • 29
    • 1442357791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America
    • Komar, N. 2003. West Nile virus: epidemiology and ecology in North America. Adv. Virus Res. 61: 185-234.
    • (2003) Adv. Virus Res. , vol.61 , pp. 185-234
    • Komar, N.1
  • 31
    • 0031361662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spatial scan statistic
    • Kulldorff, M. 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Commun. Stat.-Theor. M. 26: 1481-1496.
    • (1997) Commun. Stat.-Theor. M. , vol.26 , pp. 1481-1496
    • Kulldorff, M.1
  • 32
    • 84870257249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SaTScan™ User Guide for version 9.0, Rockville, MD.
    • Kulldorff, M. 2010. SaTScan™ User Guide for version 9.0, Rockville, MD.
    • (2010)
    • Kulldorff, M.1
  • 33
    • 84877928673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • and Information Management Services, Inc. SaTScan™ v8.0: Software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics. Rockville, MD
    • Kulldorff, M. and Information Management Services, Inc. 2009. SaTScan™ v8.0: Software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics. http://www.satscan.org/, Rockville, MD
    • (2009)
    • Kulldorff, M.1
  • 34
    • 0031665918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating cluster alarms: a space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico
    • Kulldorff, M., W.F. Athas, E.J. Feuer, B.A. Miller, and C.R. Key 1998. Evaluating cluster alarms: a space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Am. J. Publ. Hlth. 88: 1377-1380.
    • (1998) Am. J. Publ. Hlth. , vol.88 , pp. 1377-1380
    • Kulldorff, M.1    Athas, W.F.2    Feuer, E.J.3    Miller, B.A.4    Key, C.R.5
  • 35
    • 77955591767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West Nile virus emergence and persistence in Los Angeles, California, 2003-2008
    • Kwan, J.L., S. Kluh, M.B. Madon, and W.K. Reisen 2010. West Nile virus emergence and persistence in Los Angeles, California, 2003-2008. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83: 400-412.
    • (2010) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.83 , pp. 400-412
    • Kwan, J.L.1    Kluh, S.2    Madon, M.B.3    Reisen, W.K.4
  • 38
    • 0034062485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley province, Kenya
    • Miller, B.R., R.S. Nasci, M.S. Godsey, H.M. Savage, J.J. Lutwama, R.S. Lanciotti, and C.J. Peters 2000. First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley province, Kenya. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62: 240-246.
    • (2000) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.62 , pp. 240-246
    • Miller, B.R.1    Nasci, R.S.2    Godsey, M.S.3    Savage, H.M.4    Lutwama, J.J.5    Lanciotti, R.S.6    Peters, C.J.7
  • 39
    • 0041825025 scopus 로고
    • Diapause termination, gonoactivity, and differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in hibernating Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae)
    • Mitchell, C.J. 1981. Diapause termination, gonoactivity, and differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in hibernating Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 18: 386-394.
    • (1981) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.18 , pp. 386-394
    • Mitchell, C.J.1
  • 40
    • 0021115305 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and observations on gonotrophic dissociation
    • Mitchell, C.J. 1983. Differentiation of host-seeking behavior from blood-feeding behavior in overwintering Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and observations on gonotrophic dissociation. J. Med. Entomol. 20: 157-163.
    • (1983) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.20 , pp. 157-163
    • Mitchell, C.J.1
  • 41
    • 0024691566 scopus 로고
    • Inability of diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival
    • Mitchell, C.J. and H. Briegel 1989. Inability of diapausing Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) to use blood for producing lipid reserves for overwinter survival. J. Med. Entomol. 26: 318-326.
    • (1989) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.26 , pp. 318-326
    • Mitchell, C.J.1    Briegel, H.2
  • 44
    • 33750400845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field-caught Culex erythrothorax larvae found naturally infected with West Nile virus in Grand County, Utah
    • Phillips, R.A. and K. Christensen 2006. Field-caught Culex erythrothorax larvae found naturally infected with West Nile virus in Grand County, Utah. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 22: 561-562.
    • (2006) J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. , vol.22 , pp. 561-562
    • Phillips, R.A.1    Christensen, K.2
  • 45
    • 33750710990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poole, A., ed.]. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY .
    • Poole, A., [ed.] 2005. The Birds of North America Online http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY
    • (2005) The Birds of North America Online
  • 46
    • 56749144293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does variation in Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence enable outbreaks of West Nile virus in California? J
    • Reisen, W.K., C.M. Barker, Y. Fang, and V.M. Martinez 2008. Does variation in Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence enable outbreaks of West Nile virus in California? J. Med. Entomol. 45: 1126-1138.
    • (2008) Med. Entomol. , vol.45 , pp. 1126-1138
    • Reisen, W.K.1    Barker, C.M.2    Fang, Y.3    Martinez, V.M.4
  • 51
    • 0026862462 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics of adult Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kern River, Kern County, California, in 1990
    • Reisen, W.K., M.M. Milby, and R.P. Meyer 1992. Population dynamics of adult Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kern River, Kern County, California, in 1990. J. Med. Entomol. 29: 531-543.
    • (1992) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.29 , pp. 531-543
    • Reisen, W.K.1    Milby, M.M.2    Meyer, R.P.3
  • 53
    • 0023681979 scopus 로고
    • Futher observations on the mechanism of vertical transmission of Flaviviruses by Aedes mosquitoes
    • Rosen, L. 1988. Futher observations on the mechanism of vertical transmission of Flaviviruses by Aedes mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 39: 123-126.
    • (1988) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.39 , pp. 123-126
    • Rosen, L.1
  • 54
    • 0024312179 scopus 로고
    • Experimental vertical transmission of Japanese Encephalitis virus by Culex tritaeniorhynchus and other mosquitoes
    • Rosen, L., J.C. Lien, D.A. Shroyer, R.H. Baker, and L.C. Lu 1989. Experimental vertical transmission of Japanese Encephalitis virus by Culex tritaeniorhynchus and other mosquitoes. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 40: 548-556.
    • (1989) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.40 , pp. 548-556
    • Rosen, L.1    Lien, J.C.2    Shroyer, D.A.3    Baker, R.H.4    Lu, L.C.5
  • 55
    • 0020503123 scopus 로고
    • Transovarial transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti
    • Rosen, L., D.A. Shroyer, R.B. Tesh, J.E. Freier, and J.C. Lien 1983. Transovarial transmission of dengue viruses by mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 32: 1108-1119.
    • (1983) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.32 , pp. 1108-1119
    • Rosen, L.1    Shroyer, D.A.2    Tesh, R.B.3    Freier, J.E.4    Lien, J.C.5
  • 56
    • 0017864940 scopus 로고
    • Transovarial transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes
    • Rosen, L., R.B. Tesh, J.C. Lien, and L.H. Cross 1978. Transovarial transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes. Science 199: 909-911.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , pp. 909-911
    • Rosen, L.1    Tesh, R.B.2    Lien, J.C.3    Cross, L.H.4
  • 58
    • 84877930484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District (SYMVCD). Mosquito and Mosquito-Borne Disease Management Plan
    • Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District (SYMVCD). 2009. Mosquito and Mosquito-Borne Disease Management Plan. http://www.fightthebite.net/mosquito-management-plan/.
    • (2009)
  • 59
    • 0025443116 scopus 로고
    • Vertical maintenance of dengue-1 virus in sequential generations of Aedes albopictus
    • Shroyer, D.A. 1990. Vertical maintenance of dengue-1 virus in sequential generations of Aedes albopictus. J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 6: 312-314.
    • (1990) J. Am. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. , vol.6 , pp. 312-314
    • Shroyer, D.A.1
  • 60
    • 0000086844 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal and vertical transmission of viruses by insect and tick vectors
    • In: T.P. Monath (ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • Turell, M.J. 1988. Horizontal and vertical transmission of viruses by insect and tick vectors. In: T.P. Monath (ed.), The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol. I, pp. 127-152. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • (1988) The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology , vol.1 , pp. 127-152
    • Turell, M.J.1
  • 61
    • 0033778720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus
    • Turell, M.J., M.L. O'Guinn, and J. Oliver 2000. Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62: 413-414.
    • (2000) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.62 , pp. 413-414
    • Turell, M.J.1    O'Guinn, M.L.2    Oliver, J.3
  • 62
    • 0035291742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus
    • Turell, M.J., M.L. O'Guinn, D.J. Dohm, and J.W. Jones 2001. Vector competence of North American mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for West Nile virus. J. Med. Entomol. 38: 130-134.
    • (2001) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.38 , pp. 130-134
    • Turell, M.J.1    O'Guinn, M.L.2    Dohm, D.J.3    Jones, J.W.4
  • 63
    • 77952061263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of vertical transmission of West Nile virus in field-collected mosquitoes
    • Unlu, I., A.J. Mackay, A. Roy, M.M. Yates, and L.D. Foil 2010. Evidence of vertical transmission of West Nile virus in field-collected mosquitoes. J. Vector Ecol. 35: 95-99.
    • (2010) J. Vector Ecol. , vol.35 , pp. 95-99
    • Unlu, I.1    Mackay, A.J.2    Roy, A.3    Yates, M.M.4    Foil, L.D.5
  • 64
    • 0031088072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • California hybrid zone between Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus revisited (Diptera: Culicidae)
    • Urbanelli, S., F. Silvestrini, W.K. Reisen, E. De Vito, and L. Bullini 1997. California hybrid zone between Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus revisited (Diptera: Culicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 34: 116-127.
    • (1997) J. Med. Entomol. , vol.34 , pp. 116-127
    • Urbanelli, S.1    Silvestrini, F.2    Reisen, W.K.3    De Vito, E.4    Bullini, L.5
  • 65
    • 34547644889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in vector competence for West Nile Virus in the Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) complex in California
    • Vaidyanathan, R. and T.W. Scott 2007. Geographic variation in vector competence for West Nile Virus in the Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) complex in California. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 7: 193-198.
    • (2007) Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 193-198
    • Vaidyanathan, R.1    Scott, T.W.2
  • 67
    • 74449092224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Present and future arboviral threats
    • Weaver, S.C. and W.K. Reisen 2010. Present and future arboviral threats. Antiviral Res. 85: 328-345.
    • (2010) Antiviral Res. , vol.85 , pp. 328-345
    • Weaver, S.C.1    Reisen, W.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.