First field evidence for natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus in Culex univittatus complex mosquitoes from Rift Valley Province, Kenya

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 240-246

  Miller, Barry R ^a   Nasci, Roger S ^a   Godsey, Marvin S ^a   Savage, Harry M ^a   Lutwama, Julius J ^b   Lanciotti, Robert S ^a   Peters, Clarence J ^c  

^a NATL CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b UGANDA VIRUS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Uganda)

^c CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION; CULEX; EPIDEMIC; FEVER; KENYA; MOSQUITO; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS ISOLATION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS;

AVES; CULEX PIPIENS; FLAVIVIRUS; PROTOZOA; RNA VIRUSES; WEST NILE VIRUS;

EID: 0034062485     PISSN: 00029637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.240     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Smithburn KC, Hughs TP, Burke AW, Paul JH. 1940. A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda. Am J Trop Med 20: 471-492.
2. Smithburn KC, Jacobs HR, 1942. Neutralization tests against neurotropic viruses with sera collected in Central Africa. J Immunol 44: 9-23.
3. Smithburn KC, 1952. Neutralizing antibodies against certain recently isolated viruses in sera of human beings residing in East Africa. J Immunol 69: 223-234.
4. Taylor RM, Work TH, Hurlbut HS, Rizk F, 1956. A study of the ecology of West Nile virus in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 5: 579-620.
5. Hayes CG, 1987. West Nile fever. Monath T, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume V. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 59-88.
6. Tsai TF, Popovici F, Cernescu C, Campbell GL, Nedelcu NI, 1998. West Nile encephalitis epidemic in southeastern Romania. Lancet 352: 767-771.
7. Wengler G, Bradley DW, Collett MS, Heinz FX, Schlesinger RW, Strauss JH, 1995. Family Flaviviridae. Murphy FA, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Ghabrail SA, Jarvis AW, Martelli GP, Mayo MA, Summers MD, eds. Virus Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Arch Virol (suppl 10): S428.
8. McIntosh BM, Jupp PG, Dickinson GM, McGillivray GM, 1967. Ecological studies on Sindbis and West Nile viruses in South Africa. I. Viral activity as revealed by infection of mosquitoes and sentinel fowls. S Afr J Med Sci 32: 1-14.
9. McIntosh BM, Jupp PG, dos Santos I, 1978. Infection by Sindbis and West Nile viruses in wild populations of Culex (Culix) univittatus Theobold (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Africa. J Entomol Soc S Afr 41: 57-61.
10. McIntosh BM, Jupp PG, 1979. Infections in sentinel pigeons by Sindbis and West Nile viruses in South Africa, with observations on Culex (Culex) univittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) attracted to these birds. J Med Entomol 16: 234-239.
11. Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1967. Ecological studies on Sindhis and West Nile viruses in South Africa. II. Mosquito bionomics. S Afr J Med Sci 32: 15-33.
12. Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1970. Quantitative experiments on the vector capability of Culex (Culex) univittatus with West Nile and Sindbis viruses. J Med Entomol 7: 371-373.
13. World Health Organization, 1998. An outbreak of Rift Valley fever, eastern Africa, 1997-1998. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 73: 105-112.
14. Renshaw M, Birley MH, Sang DK, Silver JB, 1998. A rapid health impact assessment of the Turkwel Gorge hydroelectric dam and proposed irrigation project. Impact Assessment Project Appraisal 16: 215-226.
15. Tsai TF, 1995. Arboviruses. Murray PR, ed. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Sixth edition. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 980-996.
16. Gould HA, Buckley A, Higgs S, Gaidamovich S, 1990. Antigenicity of flaviviruses. Arch Virol (suppl 1): 137-152.
17. Kuno G, Chang GJ, Tsuchiya K, Karabatsos N, Cropp CB, 1998. Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus. J Virol 72: 73-83.
18. Chambers TJ, Halevy M, Nestorowicz A, Rice CM, Lustig S, 1998. West Nile virus envelope proteins: nucleotide sequence analysis ot strains differing in mouse neuroinvasiveness. J Gen Virol 79: 2375-2380.
19. Felsenstein J, 1993. Phylogeny Inference Package (PHYLIP). Version 3.5c. Seattle, WA: University of Washington.
20. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 1993. MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis. Version 1.01. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
21. Saitou N, Nei M, 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method lor reconstructing phylogenetic tress. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406-425.
22. Guirakhoo F, Heinz FX, Kunz C, 1989. Epitope model of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein E: analysis of structural properties, role of carbohydrate, and conformational changes occurring at acidic pH. Virology 169: 90-99.
23. Rey FA, Heinz FX, Mandl C, Kunz C, Harrison SC, 1995. The envelope glycoprotein from tick-borne encephalitis virus at 2 A resolution. Nature 375: 291-298.
24. Savage HM, Ceianu C, Nicolescu G, Karabatsos N, Lanciotti RS, Vladimirescu A, Laiv L, Ungureanu A, Romanca C, Tsai TF, 1999. Entomologic and avian investigations of an epidemic of West Nile fever in Romania in 1996, with serologic and molecular characterization of a virus isolate from mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 600-611.
25. Felsenstein J, 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
26. Jupp PG, 1971. The taxonomic status of Culex (Culex) univittatus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in South Africa. J Entomol Soc S Afr 34: 339-357.
27. Harbach RE, 1988. The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst 24: 52-61.
28. Traore-Lamizana M, Zeller HG, Mondo M, Hervy J-P, Adam F, Digoutte J-P, 1994. Isolations of West Nile and Bagaza viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in central Senegal (Ferlo). J Med Entomol 31: 934-938.
29. Karabatsos N, ed, 1985. International Catalogue of Arthropod-Borne Viruses and Certain Other Viruses of Vertebrates. Third edition. San Antonio, TX: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
30. Berthet F-X, Zeller HG, Drouet M-T, Rauzier J, Digoutte J-P, Deubel V, 1997. Extensive nucleotide changes and deletions within the envelope glycoprotein gene of Euro-African West Nile viruses. J Gen Virol 78: 2293-2297.
31. Curry-Lindahl K, 1981. Africa as a bird continent. Bird Migration in Africa: Movements Between Six Continents, Volume 1. London: Academic Press, 1-20.
32. Espmark A, Niklasson B, 1984. Ockelbo disease in Sweden: epidemiological, clinical and virological data from the 1982 outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 1203-1211.
33. Yukio S, Niklasson B, Dalrymple JM, Strauss EG, Strauss JH, 1991. Structure of the Ockelbo virus genome and its relationship to other Sindbis viruses. Virology 182: 753-764.
34. Baqar S, Hayes CG, Murphy JR, Walls DM, 1993. Vertical transmission of West Nile virus by Culex and Aedex species mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 48: 757-762.
35. Tesh RB, 1984. Transovarial transmission of arboviruses in their invertebrate vectors. Curr Top Vector Res 2: 57-76.
36. Rosen L, 1988. Further observations on the mechanism of vertical transmission of flavi viruses by Aedex mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39: 123-126.
37. Tesh RB, Cornet M, 1981. The location of San Angelo virus in the developing ovaries of transovarially infected Aedes albopictus mosquitoes as revealed by fluorescent antibody technique. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 212-218.
38. Fontenille D, Diallo M, Mondo M, Ndiaye M, Thonnon J, 1997. First evidence of natural vertical transmission of yellow fever virus in Aedex aegypti, its epidemic vector. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91: 533-535.
39. Broom AK, Lindsay DA, Johansen A, Wright AE, Mackenzie JS, 1995. Two possible mechanisms for survival and initiation of Murray Valley encephalitis virus activity in the Kimberley region of western Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 95-99.