Long-period fiber grating within d-shaped fiber using magnetic fluid for magnetic-field detection

IEEE Photonics Journal

Volumn 4, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 2095-2104

  Gao, Lei ^a   Zhu, Tao ^a   Deng, Ming ^a   Chiang, Kin Seng ^b   Sun, Xiaokang ^a   Dong, Xiaopeng ^c   Hou, Yusong ^a  

^a CHONGQING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^c XIAMEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

fiber gratings; light material interactions; Sensors

Indexed keywords

D-SHAPED FIBER; EVANESCENT FIELDS; FIBER GRATINGS; GRATING STRUCTURES; HIGH FREQUENCY; HYSTERESIS EFFECT; LONG PERIOD FIBER GRATING; MAGNETIC SENSING; MAGNETIC-FIELD INTENSITY; POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; RED SHIFT; RESONANT WAVELENGTHS; WATER BASED MAGNETIC FLUID;

CARBON DIOXIDE; DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; MAGNETIC FLUIDS; SENSORS;

FIBERS;

EID: 84870262138     PISSN: 19430655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2226439     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. J. E. Lenz, "A review of magnetic sensors, " Proc. IEEE, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 973-989, Jun. 1990.
2. K. Mohri, T. Uchiyama, L. P. Shen, C. M. Cai, and L. V. Panina, "Sensitive micro magnetic sensor family utilizing magneto-impedance (MI) and stress-impedance (SI) effects for intelligent measurements and controls, " Sens. Actuators A, Phys., vol. 91, no. 1/2, pp. 85-90, Jun. 2001. (Pubitemid 34138121)
3. Y. J. Rao, "In-fiber Bragg grating sensors, " Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 355-375, Apr. 1997.
4. A. Yariv and H. V. Winsor, "Proposal for the detection of magnetic fields through magnetostrictive perturbation of optical fibers, " Opt. Lett., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 87-89, Mar. 1980.
5. H. J. Patrick, A. D. Kersey, and F. Bucholtz, "Analysis of the response of long-period fiber gratings to external index of refraction, " J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1606-1612, Sep. 1998. (Pubitemid 128641283)
6. V. M. N. Passaro, F. Dell'Olio, and F. D. Leonardis, " Electromagnetic field photonic sensors, " Prog. Quantum Electron., vol. 30, no. 2/3, pp. 45-73, Jan. 2006. (Pubitemid 44738998)
7. H. E. Horng, C.-Y. Hong, and H. C. Yang, "Designing the refractive indices by using magnetic fluids, " Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 82, no. 15, pp. 2434-2436, Apr. 2003.
8. H. Okamura, "Fiber-optic magnetic sensor utilizing the Lorentzian force, " J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1558-1564, Oct. 1990.
9. T. Liu, X. F. Chen, Z. Y. Di, and J. F. Zhang, "Tunable magneto-optical wavelength filter of long-period fiber grating with magnetic fluids, " Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 12, pp. 121116-1-121116-3, Sep. 2007.
10. J. L. Arce-Diego, R. Lüpez-Ruisanchez, and J. M. Ló pez-Higuera, "Fiber Bragg grating as an optical filter tuned by a magnetic field, " Opt. Lett., vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 603-605, May 1997. (Pubitemid 127565261)
11. H. V. Thakur, S. M. Nalawade, S. Gupta, R. Kitture, and S. N. Kale, "Photonic crystal fiber injected with Fe3O4 nanofluid for magnetic field detection, " Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 99, no. 16, pp. 161101-1-161101-3, Oct. 2011.
12. P. Zu, C. C. Chan, W. S. Lew, Y. X. Jin, Y. F. Zhang, H. F. Liew, L. H. Chen, W. C. Wong, and X. Y. Dong, "Magnetooptical fiber sensor based on magnetic field, " Opt. Lett., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 398-400, Feb. 2012.
13. M. Konstantaki, A. Candiani, and S. Pissadakis, "Optical fibre long period grating spectral actuators utilizing ferrofluids as outclading overlayers, " J. Eur. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public., vol. 6, pp. 11007-1-11007-6, Mar. 2011.
14. H. E. Horng, J. J. Chieh, Y. H. Chao, and S. Y. Yang, "Designing optical-fiber modulators by using magnetic fluids, " Opt. Lett., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 543-545, Mar. 2005. (Pubitemid 40339507)
15. S. L. Pu, X. F. Chen, Y. P. Chen, Y. H. Xu, W. J. Liao, L. J. hen, and Y. X. Xia, "Fiber-optic evanescent field modulator using a magnetic fluid as the cladding, " J. Appl. Phys., vol. 99, no. 9, pp. 093516-1-093516-4, May 2006.
16. L. Shi, X. F. Chen, H. J. Liu, Y. P. Chen, Z. Q. Ye, W. J. Liao, and Y. X. Xia, "Fabrication of submicron-diameter silica fibers using electric strip heater, " Opt. Exp., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 5055-5060, Jun. 2006. (Pubitemid 43894174)
17. P. Mach, M. Dolinski, K. W. Baldwin, J. A. Rogers, C. Kerbage, R. S. Windeler, and B. J. Eggleton, "Tunable microfluidic optical fiber, " Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 80, no. 23, pp. 4294-4296, Jun. 2002.
18. S. T. Huntington, K. A. Nugent, P. Mulvaney, K. M. Lo, and A. Roberts, "Field characterization of a D-shaped optical fiber using scanning near-field optical microscopy, " J. Appl. Phys., vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 510-513, Jul. 1997. (Pubitemid 127566791)
19. X. Chen, K. Zhou, L. Zhang, and I. Bennion, "Optical chemsensors utilizing long-period fiber gratings UV-inscribed in D-fiber with enhanced sensitivity through cladding etching, " IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1352-1354, May 2004.
20. H. J. Kim, O. J. Kown, S. B. Lee, and Y. G. Han, "Measurement of temperature and refractive index based on surface long-period gratings deposited onto a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, " Appl. Phys. B, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 81-85, Jan. 2011.
21. C. L. Tien, T. W. Lin, C. C. Hwang, and W. F. Liu, "Magnetic field sensors based on D-shaped long period fiber gratings, " in Proc. SPIE, 2002, vol. 7508, pp. 750811-1-750811-6.
22. Y. J. Rao, T. Zhu, Z. L. Ran, Y. P. Wang, J. Jiang, and A. Z. Hu, "Novel long-period fiber gratings written by highfrequency CO2 laser pulses and applications in optical fibre communication, " Opt. Commun., vol. 229, no. 1-6, pp. 209-221, Jan. 2004.
23. T. Zhu, Y. J. Rao, J. L. Wang, and Y. Song, "A highly sensitive fiber-optic refractive index sensor based on an edgewritten long-period fiber grating, " IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 19, no. 24, pp. 1946-1948, Dec. 2007. (Pubitemid 350225992)
24. T. Zhu, K. S. Chiang, Y. J. Rao, Y. Song, C. H. Shi, and M. Liu, "Characterization of long-period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser in twisted single-mode fibers, " J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 27, no. 21, pp. 4863-4869, Nov. 2009.
25. T. Erdogan, "Fiber grating spectra, " J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 1277-1294, Aug. 1997. (Pubitemid 127611794)
26. K. S. Chiang, Y. Q. Liu, M. N. Ng, and X. Y. Dong, "Analysis of etched long-period fibre grating and its response to external refractive index, " Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 966-967, May 2000.
27. T. Hu, Y. Zhao, X. Li, J. J. Chen, and Z. W. Lv, "Novel optical filter current sensor based on magnetic fluid, " Chin. Opt. Lett., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 392-394, Apr. 2010.
28. D. J. Bergman, "The dielectric constant of a composite materialVA problem in classical physics, " Phys. Rep., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 377-407, Jul. 1978.
29. D. C. Jiles and D. L. Atherton, "Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis, " J. Magn. Magn. Mater., vol. 61, no. 1/2, pp. 48-60, Sep. 1986.