Cardiovascular risk management after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

Hypertension

Volumn 60, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1368-1373

  Spaan, Julia ^a,b   Peeters, Louis ^a   Spaanderman, Marc ^a   Brown, Mark ^b  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; GLUCOSE;

BLOOD GLUCOSE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMORBIDITY; DIABETES MELLITUS; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; MEDICAL HISTORY; OBESITY; PATIENT COUNSELING; PREECLAMPSIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION, PREGNANCY-INDUCED; LIFE STYLE; PREGNANCY;

EID: 84870242910     PISSN: 0194911X     EISSN: 15244563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.198812     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Mosca L, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women-2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:1243-1262.
2. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J. 1991;121(1 pt 2):293-298.
3. Conroy RM, Pyörälä K, Fitzgerald AP, et al; SCORE Project Group. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:987-1003.
4. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Vinogradova Y, Robson J, May M, Brindle P. Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2007;335:136.
5. Lloyd-Jones DM, Leip EP, Larson MG, D'Agostino RB, Beiser A, Wilson PW, Wolf PA, Levy D. Prediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age. Circulation. 2006;113:791-798.
6. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Robson J, Brindle P. Derivation, validation, and evaluation of a new QRISK model to estimate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: cohort study using QResearch database. BMJ. 2010;341:c6624.
7. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, Larson MG, Massaro JM, Vasan RS. Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009;119:3078-3084.
8. Hutcheon JA, Lisonkova S, Joseph KS. Epidemiology of pre-eclampsia and the other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;25:391-403.
9. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:1047-1053.
10. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335:974.
11. McDonald SD, Malinowski A, Zhou Q, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ. Cardiovascular sequelae of preeclampsia/eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Am Heart J. 2008;156:918-930.
12. Lykke JA, Langhoff-Roos J, Sibai BM, Funai EF, Triche EW, Paidas MJ. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the mother. Hypertension. 2009;53:944-951.
13. Wilson BJ, Watson MS, Prescott GJ, Sunderland S, Campbell DM, Hannaford P, Smith WC. Hypertensive diseases of pregnancy and risk of hypertension and stroke in later life: results from cohort study. BMJ. 2003;326:845.
14. Kestenbaum B, Seliger SL, Easterling TR, Gillen DL, Critchlow CW, Stehman-Breen CO, Schwartz SM. Cardiovascular and thromboembolic events following hypertensive pregnancy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42:982-989.
15. Arnadottir GA, Geirsson RT, Arngrimsson R, Jonsdottir LS, Olafsson O. Cardiovascular death in women who had hypertension in pregnancy: a case-control study. BJOG. 2005;112:286-292.
16. Wikström AK, Haglund B, Olovsson M, Lindeberg SN. The risk of maternal ischaemic heart disease after gestational hypertensive disease. BJOG. 2005;112:1486-1491.
17. Irgens HU, Reisaeter L, Irgens LM, Lie RT. Long term mortality of mothers and fathers after pre-eclampsia: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2001;323:1213-1217.
18. Mongraw-Chaffin ML, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease death: prospective evidence from the child health and development studies cohort. Hypertension. 2010;56:166-171.
19. Smith GC, Pell JP, Walsh D. Pregnancy complications and maternal risk of ischaemic heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of 129,290 births. Lancet. 2001;357:2002-2006.
20. Girouard J, Giguère Y, Moutquin JM, Forest JC. Previous hypertensive disease of pregnancy is associated with alterations of markers of insulin resistance. Hypertension. 2007;49:1056-1062.
21. Sattar N, Ramsay J, Crawford L, Cheyne H, Greer IA. Classic and novel risk factor parameters in women with a history of preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2003;42:39-42.
22. Smith GN, Walker MC, Liu A, Wen SW, Swansburg M, Ramshaw H, White RR, Roddy M, Hladunewich M; Pre-Eclampsia New Emerging Team (PE-NET). A history of preeclampsia identifies women who have underlying cardiovascular risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:58. e1-58.e8.
23. Laivuori H, Tikkanen MJ, Ylikorkala O. Hyperinsulinemia 17 years after preeclamptic first pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81:2908-2911.
24. Wolf M, Hubel CA, Lam C, Sampson M, Ecker JL, Ness RB, Rajakumar A, Daftary A, Shakir AS, Seely EW, Roberts JM, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA, Thadhani R. Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular disease: potential role of altered angiogenesis and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:6239-6243.
25. Spaan JJ, Houben AJ, Musella A, Ekhart T, Spaanderman ME, Peeters LL. Insulin resistance relates to microvascular reactivity 23 years after preeclampsia. Microvasc Res. 2010;80:417-421.
26. Mangos GJ, Spaan JJ, Pirabhahar S, Brown MA. Markers of cardiovascular disease risk after hypertension in pregnancy. J Hypertens. 2012;30:351-358.
27. Stekkinger E, Zandstra M, Peeters LL, Spaanderman ME. Early-onset preeclampsia and the prevalence of postpartum metabolic syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:1076-1084.
28. Veltman-Verhulst SM, van Rijn BB, Westerveld HE, Franx A, Bruinse HW, Fauser BC, Goverde AJ. Polycystic ovary syndrome and early-onset preeclampsia: reproductive manifestations of increased cardiovascular risk. Menopause. 2010;17:990-996.
29. Barden AE, Beilin LJ, Ritchie J, Walters BN, Michael C. Does a predisposition to the metabolic syndrome sensitize women to develop pre-eclampsia? J Hypertens. 1999;17:1307-1315.
30. Magnussen EB, Vatten LJ, Smith GD, Romundstad PR. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and subsequently measured cardiovascular risk factors. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:961-970.
31. Berends AL, de Groot CJ, Sijbrands EJ, Sie MP, Benneheij SH, Pal R, Heydanus R, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM, Steegers EA. Shared constitutional risks for maternal vascular-related pregnancy complications and future cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2008;51:1034-1041.
32. Blaauw J, van Pampus MG, Van Doormaal JJ, Fokkema MR, Fidler V, Smit AJ, Aarnoudse JG. Increased intima-media thickness after early-onset preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107:1345-1351.
33. Germain AM, Romanik MC, Guerra I, Solari S, Reyes MS, Johnson RJ, Price K, Karumanchi SA, Valdés G. Endothelial dysfunction: a link among preeclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and future cardiovascular events? Hypertension. 2007;49:90-95.
34. Schmittdiel J, Selby JV, Swain B, Daugherty SL, Leong TK, Ho M, Margolis KL, O'Connor P, Magid DJ, Bibbins-Domingo K. Missed opportunities in cardiovascular disease prevention? Low rates of hypertension recognition for women at medicine and obstetrics-gynecology clinics. Hypertension. 2011;57:717-722.
35. Young B, Hacker MR, Rana S. Physicians' knowledge of future vascular disease in women with preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:50-58.
36. Callaway LK, David McIntyre H, Williams GM, Najman JM, Lawlor DA, Mamun A. Diagnosis and treatment of hypertension 21 years after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51:437-440.
37. Sia WW, Montgomery-Fajic E, Germaine D, Wilkie J, Khurana R, Marnoch C, Nerenberg K. The postpartum preeclampsia clinic (PPPEC): an interdisciplinary clinic for cardiovascular risk reduction for women with preeclampsia. Abstract ISSHP World Congress. Geneva, Switzerland; 2012.
38. Hermes W, Franx A, van Pampus MG, Bloemenkamp KW, van der Post JA, Porath M, Ponjee G, Tamsma JT, Mol BW, de Groot CJ. 10-Year cardiovascular event risks for women who experienced hypertensive disorders in late pregnancy: the HyRAS study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010;10:28.
39. Hoedjes M, Berks D, Vogel I, Franx A, Duvekot JJ, Oenema A, Steegers EA, Raat H. Motivators and barriers to a healthy postpartum lifestyle in women at increased cardiovascular and metabolic risk: a focus-group study. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2012;31:147-155.
40. Barker DJ. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ. 1995;311:171-174.
41. Geelhoed JJ, Fraser A, Tilling K, Benfield L, Davey Smith G, Sattar N, Nelson SM, Lawlor DA. Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension are associated with childhood blood pressure independently of family adiposity measures: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Circulation. 2010;122:1192-1199.
42. Gunderson EP. Childbearing and obesity in women: weight before, during, and after pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009;36: 317-32, ix.
43. Callaway LK, McIntyre HD, O'Callaghan M, Williams GM, Najman JM, Lawlor DA. The association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with weight gain over the subsequent 21 years: findings from a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166:421-428.
44. Villamor E, Cnattingius S. Interpregnancy weight change and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Lancet. 2006;368:1164-1170.
45. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng L; INTERHEART Study Investigators. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937-952.
46. Levit RD, Reynolds HR, Hochman JS. Cardiovascular disease in young women: a population at risk. Cardiol Rev. 2011;19:60-65.
47. Andersen KK, Andersen ZJ, Olsen TS. Age-and gender-specific prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 40,102 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke: a Nationwide Danish Study. Stroke. 2010;41:2768-2774.
48. Daviglus ML, Stamler J, Pirzada A, Yan LL, Garside DB, Liu K, Wang R, Dyer AR, Lloyd-Jones DM, Greenland P. Favorable cardiovascular risk profile in young women and long-term risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. JAMA. 2004;292:1588-1592.
49. Berks D, Hoedjes M, Franx A, Duvekot JJ, Raat H, Steegers EA. Lifestyle interventions after complicated pregnancy successfully improves cardiovascular and metabolic health; results of the pro-active study. Abstract ISSHP World Congress. Geneva, Switzerland; 2012.
50. Scholten R, Thijssen D, Lotgering F, Hopman M, Spaanderman M. Vascular adaptations to 12-week cycling training in formerly preeclamptic women. Abstract SGI, San Diego, CA. Reprod Sci. 2012;19:220A.
51. Hoedjes M, Berks D, Vogel I, Franx A, Visser W, Duvekot JJ, Habbema JD, Steegers EA, Raat H. Effect of postpartum lifestyle interventions on weight loss, smoking cessation, and prevention of smoking relapse: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2010;65:631-652.
52. Wing RR; Look AHEAD Research Group. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1566-1575.
53. Roumen C, Corpeleijn E, Feskens EJ, Mensink M, Saris WH, Blaak EE. Impact of 3-year lifestyle intervention on postprandial glucose metabolism: the SLIM study. Diabet Med. 2008;25:597-605.
54. Lapolla A, Marangon M, Dalfrà MG, Segato G, De Luca M, Fedele D, Favretti F, Enzi G, Busetto L. Pregnancy outcome in morbidly obese women before and after laparoscopic gastric banding. Obes Surg. 2010;20:1251-1257.
55. Magee L, Sadeghi S, Von Dadelszen P. Prevention and treatment of postpartum hypertension [Cochrane Review]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;4:1-32. CD004351.
56. Firoz T, Melnik T. Postpartum evaluation and long term implications. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;25:549-561.
57. Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009;338:b1665.
58. Lurbe E, Cifkova R, Cruickshank JK, et al; European Society of Hypertension. Management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents: recommendations of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2009;27:1719-1742.
59. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr, Roccella EJ; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206-1252.
60. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903-1913.
61. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143-3421.
62. Ray KK, Seshasai SR, Erqou S, Sever P, Jukema JW, Ford I, Sattar N. Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65,229 participants. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1024-1031.
63. Mora S, Glynn RJ, Hsia J, MacFadyen JG, Genest J, Ridker PM. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or dyslipidemia: results from the Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention-an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER) and meta-analysis of women from primary prevention trials. Circulation. 2010;121:1069-1077.
64. Callaway LK, Lawlor DA, O'Callaghan M, Williams GM, Najman JM, McIntyre HD. Diabetes mellitus in the 21 years after a pregnancy that was complicated by hypertension: findings from a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197:492.e1-492.e7.
65. Hopper I, Billah B, Skiba M, Krum H. Prevention of diabetes and reduction in major cardiovascular events in studies of subjects with prediabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011;18:813-823.
66. Ridker PM, Cook NR, Lee IM, Gordon D, Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE. A randomized trial of low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1293-1304.