State-of-the-art monitoring of cytomegalovirus-specific cell-mediated immunity after organ transplant: A primer for the clinician

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 55, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 1678-1689

  Snydman, David ^a   Egli, Adrian ^a   Humar, Atul ^a   Kumar, Deepali ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

B7 ANTIGEN; CD28 ANTIGEN; CD86 ANTIGEN; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; EPITOPE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2; VIRUS PROTEIN;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; ARTICLE; CELL STIMULATION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; CYTOKINE RELEASE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GRAFT RECIPIENT; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOST CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; INNATE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; PATIENT MONITORING; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELAPSE; T LYMPHOCYTE; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VIRAL CLEARANCE; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION;

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, CELLULAR; KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY;

EID: 84870198600     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: 15376591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis818     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Humar A, Snydman D. Cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9(suppl 4):S78-86.
2. Kotton CN, Kumar D, Caliendo AM, et al. International consensus guidelines on the management of cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplantation. Transplantation 2010; 89:779-95.
3. Humar A, Lebranchu Y, Vincenti F, et al. The efficacy and safety of 200 days valganciclovir cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high-risk kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1228-37.
4. Asberg A, Humar A, Jardine AG, et al. Long-Term outcomes of CMV disease treatment with valganciclovir versus IV ganciclovir in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1205-13.
5. Humar A, Kumar D, Boivin G, Caliendo AM. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) virus load kinetics to predict recurrent disease in solidorgan transplant patients with CMV disease. J Infect Dis 2002; 186:829-33.
6. Humar A, Mazzulli T, Moussa G, et al. Clinical utility of cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology testing in high-risk CMV D + /R-Transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:1065-70.
7. Bunde T, Kirchner A, Hoffmeister B, et al. Protection from cytomegalovirus after transplantation is correlated with immediate early 1-specific CD8 T cells. J Exp Med 2005; 201:1031-6. (Pubitemid 40524670)
8. Egli A, Binet I, Binggeli S, et al. Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell responses and viral replication in kidney transplant recipients. J Transl Med 2008; 6:29.
9. Gerna G, Lilleri D, Fornara C, et al. Monitoring of human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunity in patients receiving solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2356-64.
10. La Rosa C, Limaye AP, Krishnan A, Longmate J, Diamond DJ. Longitudinal assessment of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific immune responses in liver transplant recipients at high risk for late CMV disease. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:633-44.
11. Sester U, Gartner BC, Wilkens H, et al. Differences in CMV-specific T-cell levels and long-Term susceptibility to CMV infection after kidney, heart and lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:1483-9. (Pubitemid 40839442)
12. Kijpittayarit S, Eid AJ, Brown RA, Paya CV, Razonable RR. Relationship between Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphism and cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44:1315-20.
13. Mezger M, Steffens M, Semmler C, et al. Investigation of promoter variations in dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) (CD209) and their relevance for human cytomegalovirus reactivation and disease after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14:228-34.
14. Stern M, Elsasser H, Honger G, Steiger J, Schaub S, Hess C. The number of activating KIR genes inversely correlates with the rate of CMV infection/reactivation in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1312-7. (Pubitemid 351763694)
15. Genini E, Percivalle E, Sarasini A, Revello MG, Baldanti F, Gerna G. Serum antibody response to the gH/gL/pUL128-131 five-protein complex of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in primary and reactivated HCMV infections. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:113-8.
16. Wherry EJ. T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:492-9.
17. Sester U, Presser D, Dirks J, Gartner BC, Kohler H, Sester M. PD-1 expression and IL-2 loss of cytomegalovirus-specific T cells correlates with viremia and reversible functional anergy. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1486-97.
18. Klenerman P, Hill A. T cells and viral persistence: Lessons from diverse infections. Nat Immunol 2005; 6:873-9. (Pubitemid 43090441)
19. La Rosa C, Limaye AP, Krishnan A, Blumstein G, Longmate J, Diamond DJ. Primary response against cytomegalovirus during antiviral prophylaxis with valganciclovir, in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2011; 24:920-31.
20. Husain S, Raza K, Pilewski JM, et al. Experience with immune monitoring in lung transplant recipients: Correlation of low immune function with infection. Transplantation 2009; 87:1852-7.
21. Kumar D, Chernenko S, Moussa G, et al. Cell-mediated immunity to predict cytomegalovirus disease in high-risk solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1214-22.
22. Sylwester AW, Mitchell BL, Edgar JB, et al. Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J Exp Med 2005; 202:673-85.
23. Wynn KK, Crough T, Campbell S, et al. Narrowing of T-cell receptor beta variable repertoire during symptomatic herpesvirus infection in transplant patients. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:125-35.
24. Quinnan GV Jr, Kirmani N, Rook AH, et al. Cytotoxic t cells in cytomegalovirus infection: HLA-restricted T-lymphocyte and non-T-lymphocyte cytotoxic responses correlate with recovery from cytomegalovirus infection in bone-marrow-Transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 1982; 307:7-13. (Pubitemid 12075446)
25. Paya C, Humar A, Dominguez E, et al. Efficacy and safety of valganciclovir vs oral ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:611-20.
26. Humar A, Limaye AP, Blumberg EA, et al. Extended valganciclovir prophylaxis in D + /R-kidney transplant recipients is associated with long-Term reduction in cytomegalovirus disease: Two-year results of the IMPACT study. Transplantation 2010; 90:1427-31.
27. Palmer SM, Limaye AP, Banks M, et al. Extended valganciclovir prophylaxis to prevent cytomegalovirus after lung transplantation: A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152:761-9.
28. Li CR, Greenberg PD, Gilbert MJ, Goodrich JM, Riddell SR. Recovery of HLA-restricted cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T-cell responses after allogeneic bone marrow transplant: Correlation with CMV disease and effect of ganciclovir prophylaxis. Blood 1994; 83: 1971-9. (Pubitemid 24107924)
29. Sester M, Sester U, Gartner BC, Girndt M, Meyerhans A, Kohler H. Dominance of virus-specific CD8 T cells in human primary cytomegalovirus infection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:2577-84.
30. Pipeling MR, John ER, Orens JB, Lechtzin N, McDyer JF. Primary cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and T-bet levels predict immune control during early chronic infection in lung transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 2011; 204: 1663-71.
31. Chiereghin A, Gabrielli L, Zanfi C, et al. Monitoring cytomegalovirus T-cell immunity in small bowel/multivisceral transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:69-73.
32. Abate D, Fiscon M, Saldan A, et al. Human cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell immune reconstitution in preemptively treated heart transplant recipients identifies subjects at critical risk for infection. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:1974-80.
33. Abate D, Saldan A, Fiscon M, et al. Evaluation of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell immune reconstitution revealed that baseline antiviral immunity, prophylaxis, or preemptive therapy but not antithymocyte globulin treatment contribute to CMV-specific T cell reconstitution in kidney transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:585-94.
34. Walker S, Fazou C, Crough T, et al. Ex vivo monitoring of human cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses using Quantiferon-CMV. Transpl Infect Dis 2007; 9:165-70.
35. Lochmanova A, Lochman I, Tomaskova H, et al. Quantiferon-CMV test in prediction of cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3574-7.
36. Westall GP, Mifsud NA, Kotsimbos T. Linking CMV serostatus to episodes of CMV reactivation following lung transplantation by measuring CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1749-54.
37. Lisboa LF, Kumar D, Wilson LE, Humar A. Clinical utility of cytomegalovirus cell-mediated immunity in transplant recipients with cytomegalovirus viremia. Transplantation 2012; 93:195-200.
38. Sester M, Sester U, Gartner B, et al. Levels of virus-specific CD4 T cells correlate with cytomegalovirus control and predict virus-induced disease after renal transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 71:1287-94.
39. Radha R, Jordan S, Puliyanda D, et al. Cellular immune responses to cytomegalovirus in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:110-7. (Pubitemid 40095134)
40. Eid AJ, Brown RA, Arthurs SK, et al. A prospective longitudinal analysis of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in kidney allograft recipients at risk of CMV infection. Transplant Int 2010; 23:506-13.
41. Sund F, Lidehall AK, Claesson K, et al. CMV-specific T-cell immunity, viral load, and clinical outcome in seropositive renal transplant recipients: A pilot study. Clin Transplant 2010; 24:401-9.
42. Costa C, Astegiano S, Terlizzi ME, et al. Evaluation and significance of cytomegalovirus-specific cellular immune response in lung transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:1159-61.
43. Gerna G, Lilleri D, Chiesa A, et al. Virologic and immunologic monitoring of cytomegalovirus to guide preemptive therapy in solid-organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2011; 11:2463-71.
44. Weseslindtner L, Kerschner H, Steinacher D, et al. Prospective analysis of human cytomegalovirus DNAemia and specific CD8+ T cell responses in lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2172-80.
45. Patel M, Stefanidou M, Long CB, et al. Dynamics of cell-mediated immune responses to cytomegalovirus in pediatric transplantation recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2012; 16:18-28.