Drought vulnerability drives land-use and land cover changes in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia

Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

Volumn 164, Issue , 2013, Pages 100-113

  Biazin, Birhanu ^a   Sterk, Geert ^b  

^a HAWASSA UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Drought; Dry spell; Land management; Land use change; Rift Valley

Indexed keywords

ARID ENVIRONMENT; ARID REGION; CULTIVATION; DROUGHT; GIS; LAND COVER; LAND MANAGEMENT; LAND USE CHANGE; MIXED FARMING; PASTORALISM; REMOTE SENSING; RIFT ZONE; VULNERABILITY;

ETHIOPIA;

ACACIA; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 84869880408     PISSN: 01678809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.012     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. Abule E., Snymanb H.A., Smith G.N. Comparisons of pastoralists' perceptions about rangeland resource utilization in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia. J. Environ. Manage. 2005, 75:21-35.
2. Agnew C.T., Chappell A. Drought in the Sahel. Geojournal 1999, 48:299-311.
3. Alem S., Duraisamy J., Legesse E., Seboka Y., Mitiku E. Wood charcoal supply to Addis Ababa city and its effects on the environment. Energy Environ. 2010, 21:601-609.
4. Allen-Diaz B. Rangelands in a Changing Climate: Impacts, Adaptations and Mitigation 1996, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, pp. 131-158.
5. Angassa A., Oba G. Effects of grazing pressure, age of enclosures and seasonality on bush cover. Dynamics and vegetation composition in southern Ethiopia. J. Arid Environ. 2010, 74:111-120.
6. Angassa A., Oba G. Relating long-term rainfall variability to cattle population dynamics in communal rangelands and a government ranch in southern Ethiopia. Agric. Syst. 2007, 94:715-725.
7. Argaw M., Teketay D., Olsson M. Soil seed flora, germination and regeneration pattern of woody species in an Acacia woodland of the Rift Valley in Ethiopia. J. Arid Environ. 1999, 43:411-435.
8. Ayenew T. Water management problems in the Ethiopian rift: challenges for development. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 2007, 48:222-236.
9. Ayenew T. Environmental implications of changes in the levels of lakes in the Ethiopian Rift since 1970. Reg. Environ. Change 2004, 4:192-204.
10. Barron J., Rockström J., Gichuki F., Hatibu N. Dry spell analysis and maize yields for two semi-arid locations in east Africa. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2003, 117:23-37.
11. Bekele, M., 2003. Forest property rights, the role of the state, and institutional exigency: the Ethiopian experience. Ph.D. Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
12. Beran M., Rodier J.A. Hydrological Aspects of Drought Studies and Reports in Hydrology 39 1985, UNESCO-WMO, Paris, France.
13. Bewket W., Conwoy D. A note on the temporal and spatial variability of rainfall in the drought-prone Amhara region of Ethiopia. Int. J. Climatol. 2007, 27:1467-1477.
14. Biamah E.K., Sterk G., Sharma T.C. Analysis of agricultural drought in Iiuni, Eastern Kenya: application of a Markov model. Hydrol. Process. 2005, 19:1307-1322.
15. Biazin B., Sterk G., Temesgen M., Abdulkedir A., Stroosnijder L. Rainwater harvesting and management in rainfed agricultural systems in sub-Saharan Africa - a review. J. Phys. Chem. Earth 2011, 10.1016/j.pce.2011.08.015.
16. Biazin B., Stroosnijder L., Temesgen M., Abdulkedir A., Sterk G. The effect of long-term Maresha ploughing on soil physical properties in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Soil Till. Res. 2011, 111:115-122.
17. Biehl L., Landgrebe D. MultiSpec - a tool for multispectral-hyperspectral image data analysis. Comput. Geosci. 2002, 28:1153-1159.
18. Birhane G., Wortmann C., Mamo M., Gebrekidan H., Belay A. Micro-basin tillage for grain sorghum production in semi-arid areas of Northern Ethiopia. Agron. J. 2006, 98:124-128.
19. Bojo J. The costs of land degradation in sub-Saharan Africa. Analysis. Ecol. Econ. 1996, 16:161-173.
20. Carter M.R., Little P.D., Mogues T., Negatu W. Shocks, sensitivity and resilience: tracking the economic impacts of environmental disaster on assets in Ethiopia and Honduras. BASIS Collaborative Research Program 2004, 9-20.
21. Chambers R. Editorial introduction: vulnerability, coping and policy. Inst. Dev. Stud. Bull. 1989, 20(2):1-7.
22. Cooper P.J.M., Dimes J., Rao K.P.C., Shapiro B., Shiferaw B., Twomlow S. Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: an essential first step in adapting to future climate change?. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2008, 126:24-35.
23. CSA (Central Statistical Authority) The 2007 Population and Housing Census Results of Ethiopia 2008, CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 38-83.
24. CSA (Central Statistical Authority) The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia. Results for Oromia Region 1996, CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 136-144.
25. Dessie G., Kleman J. Pattern and magnitude of deforestation in the south Central Rift Valley region of Ethiopia. Mt. Res. Dev. 2007, 27(2):162-168.
26. Desta S., Coppock L. Cattle population dynamics in the southern Ethiopian rangelands, 1980-97. J. Range Manage. 2002, 55:439-451.
27. Di Gregorio A. Land Cover Classification System: Classification, Concepts and User Manual, Software Version 2 2005, FAO, Rome.
28. Diouf A., Lambin E.F. Monitoring land-cover changes in semi-arid regions: remote sensing data and field observations in the Ferlo, Senegal. J. Arid Environ. 2001, 48:129-148.
29. Downing T.E., Bakker K. Drought discourse and vulnerability. Drought: A Global Assessment, Natural Hazards and Disasters Series 2000, Routledge Publishers, UK, (Chapter 45). D.A. Wilhite (Ed.).
30. Dregne H.E. Land degradation in the dry lands. Arid Land Res. Manag. 2002, 16:99-132.
31. EPA (Environmental Protection Authority) Background Information on Drought and Desertification in Ethiopia 1998, EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
32. Eshete, G., 1999. Assessment of fuelwood resources in Acacia woodland in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia: towards the development of planning tools for sustainable management. Doctoral Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
33. FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005. FAO Forestry Paper 147 2006, FAO, Rome.
34. FAO Land Resource Potential and Constraints at Regional and Country Levels. World Soil Resources Report No. 90 2000, FAO, Rome.
35. FAO Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends 1998, FAO, Rome.
36. Fearnside P.M. Global warming and tropical land-use change: greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, decomposition and soils in forest conversion, shifting cultivation and secondary vegetation. Clim. Change 2000, 46:115-158.
37. FEWSNET (Famine Early Warning Systems Network) Scenario Building for the Eastern Horn of Africa 2011, June, USAID, Nairobi, Kenya.
38. Fisher G., Helig G.K. Population momentum and the demand on land and water resources. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1997, 352:869-889.
39. Fleuret A. Indigenous responses to drought in sub-Saharan Africa. Disasters 1986, 10:224-229.
40. Fox P., Rockstrom J. Water-harvesting for supplementary irrigation of cereal crops to overcome intra-seasonal dry-spells in the Sahel. Phys. Chem. Earth 2000, 25:289-296.
41. Gabriel K.R., Neumann J.A. Markov chain model for daily rainfall occurrence at Tel Aviv. Q. J. R. Met. Soc. 1962, 88(375):90-95.
42. Garedew E., Sandewall M., Soderberg U., Campbell B.M. Land-use and land-cover dynamics in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Environ. Manage. 2009, 44:683-694.
43. Grainger A. Uncertainty in the construction of global knowledge of tropical forests. Prog. Phys. Geog. 2010, 34(6):811-844.
44. Hisdal, H., Tallaksen, L.M., 2000. Drought event definition: assessment of the regional impact of drought in Europe. Technical report No. 6, Oslo, Norway.
45. ICRA (International Centre for Development Oriented Research in Agriculture) Livelihood and Drought Coping Strategies on Farm Households in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia: Challenges for Agricultural Research. Working Document Series 76 1999, ICRA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
46. Itanna F. Sulfur distribution in five Ethiopian Rift Valley soils under humid and semi-arid climate. J. Arid Environ. 2005, 62:597-612.
47. Julie P. SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for Windows Version 15 2007, Open University Press, UK. 3rd ed.
48. Kamara A.B., Swallow B., Kirk M. Policies, interventions and institutional change in pastoral resource management in Borana, Southern Ethiopia. Dev. Policy Rev. 2004, 22(4):381-403.
49. Keenan S.P., Krannich R.S. The social context of perceived drought vulnerability. Rural Sociol. 1997, 62(1):69-88.
50. Kirwa E.C., Nyangito M.M., Nyariki D.M., Kimitei R.K. Effect of land use changes on adaptive strategies for smallholder agro-pastoralists in Kenya. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 2012, 24.
51. Koohafkan P., Stewart B.A. Water and Cereals in Dry Lands 2008, FAO, Rome.
52. Kool, M., 2010. If there was enough rain: a case study on farmers' drought perceptions, coping strategies and knowledge networks in the lowlands of the Arsi Negele Woreda, Ethiopia. M. Sc. Thesis. Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
53. Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 2004, 304:1623-1627.
54. Lambin E.F., Geist H.J., Lepers E. Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in tropical regions. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2003, 28:205-241.
55. Lambin E.F., Turner B.L., Geist H.J., Agbola S.B., Angelsen A., Bruce J.W., Coomes O.T., Dirzo R., Fischer G., Folke C., George P.S., Homewwod K., Imbernon J., Leemans R., Li X., Moran E.F., Mortimore M., Ramakrishnan P.S., Richards J.F., Skanes H., Steffen W., Stone G.D., Svedin U., Veldkamp T.A., Vogel C., Xu J. The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths. Glob. Environ. Change 2001, 11:261-269.
56. Legesse D., Ayenew T. Effect of improper water and land resource utilization on the central main Ethiopian rift Lakes. Quat. Int. 2006, 148:8-18.
57. Lillesand M.T., Kiefer W.R. Remote Sensing and Image Analysis 2000, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. 4th ed.
58. Loveland T.R., Zhu Z., Ohlen D.O., Brown J.F., Reed B.C., Yang L.M. An analysis of the IGBP global land-cover characterization process. Photogramm. Eng. Rem. Sens. 1999, 65(9):1021-1032.
59. Mayaux P., Bartholome E., Fritz E., Belward A. A new land-cover map of Africa for the year 2000. J. Biogeogr. 2004, 31:861-877.
60. Mckee Th.B., Doesken N.J., Kleist J. The relationship between drought frequency and duration to time scales. Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology 1993.
61. Mohammed, A., 1993. Impact of human activity on Abijata Shalla Lakes National Park. Ecosystem. M. Sc. Thesis. Agricultural University of Norway.
62. Mortimore M., Turner B. Does the Sahelian smallholder's management of woodland, farm trees, and rangeland support the hypothesis of human-induced desertification?. J. Arid Environ. 2005, 63:567-595.
63. Nyssen J., Govaerts B., Araya T., Cornelis W.M., Bauer H., Haile M., Sayre K., Deckers J. The use of the Mareshaard plough for conservation agriculture in Northern Ethiopia. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2011, 31:287-297.
64. Oba G. The effect of multiple droughts on cattle in Obbu Northern Kenya. J. Arid Environ. 2001, 49:375-386.
65. PFE (Pastoral Forum Ethiopia) Pastoralism and Land: Land Tenure, Administration and Use in Pastoral Areas of Ethiopia 2010, PFE, Addis Ababa, pp. 1-157.
66. Quiring S.M., Papakryiakou T.N. An evaluation of agricultural drought indices for the Canadian Prairies. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2003, 118:49-62.
67. Reenberg A. Agricultural land-use pattern dynamics in the Sudan-Sahel-towards an event-driven framework. Land Use Policy 2001, 18:309-319.
68. Reenberg A., Lund C. Land-use and land right dynamics-determinants for resource management options in Eastern Burkina Faso. Hum. Ecol. 1998, 26(4):599-620.
69. Reid R.S., Kruska R.L., Muthui N., Taye A., Wotton S., Wilson C.J., Mulatu W. Land-use and land-cover dynamics in response to changes in climatic, biological and socio-political forces: the case of south-western Ethiopia. Landscape Ecol. 2000, 15:339-355.
70. Reid R.S., Thornton P.K., McCabb G.J., Kruska R.L., Atieno F., Jones P.G. Is it possible to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in pastoral ecosystems of the tropics?. Dev. Sustain 2004, 6:91-109.
71. Seboka Y. Charcoal supply chain study in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the Conference on Charcoal and Communities in Africa Held in Maputo, Mozambique 2008, 53-61.
72. Segele Z.T., Lamb P.J. Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 2005, 89:153-180.
73. Seleshi Y., Zanke U. Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia. Int. J. Climatol. 2004, 24:973-983.
74. Sharma T.C. Simulation of the Kenyan longest dry and wet spells and the longest rain-sums using a Markov model. J. Hydrol. 1996, 178:55-67.
75. Simane B., Struik P.C. Agroclimatic analysis: a tool for planning sustainable durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) production in Ethiopia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 1993, 47:31-46.
76. Sivakumar M.V.K. Empirical analysis of dry spells for agricultural applications in West Africa. J. Climate 1992, 5:532-539.
77. Sivakumar M.V.K. Predicting rainy season potential from the onset of rains in southern Sahelian and Sudanian climatic zones of West Africa. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 1988, 42:295-305.
78. Stern R., Coe R. A model fitting analysis of daily rainfall data. J. R. Stat. Soc. Am. 1984, 147(1):1-34.
79. Stern R., Rijks D., Dale I., Knock J. Instat Climatic Guide 2006, Statistical Service Centre, University of Reading, UK, pp. 247-281.
80. Solomon A., Workalemahu A., Jabbar M.A., Ahmed M.M., Hurrisa B. Livestock Marketing in Ethiopia: A Review of Structure Performance and Development Initiatives 2003, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi.
81. Solomon T.B., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N. Cattle-rangeland management practices and perceptions of pastoralists towards rangeland degradation in the Borana zone of southern Ethiopia. J. Environ. Manage. 2007, 82:481-494.
82. Tavonia M., Sohngen B., Bosetti V. Forestry and the carbon market response to stabilize climate. Energy Policy 2007, 35:5346-5353.
83. Tesfaye K., Walker S. Matching of crop and environment for optimal water use: the case of Ethiopia. Phys. Chem. Earth 2004, 29:1061-1067.
84. Tsegaye D., Moe S.R., Vedeld P., Aynekulu E. Land-use/cover dynamics in Northern Afar rangelands, Ethiopia. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2010, 139:174-180.
85. UNCCD An Introduction to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 2000, (accessed 10.06.11). http://www.unccd.int/.
86. UNDP Office to Combat Desertification and Drought/United Nations Development Programme. An Assessment of Population Levels in the World's Dry Lands: Aridity Zones and Dryland Populations 1997, UNDP, New York, p. 23.
87. UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program) World Atlas of Desertification 1992, UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya.
88. Vagen T.G., Lal R., Singh B.R. Soil carbon sequestration in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Land Degrad. Dev. 2005, 16:53-71.
89. Veldkamp A., Lambin E.F. Predicting land-use change. Editorial. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2001, 85:1-6.
90. Wardell D.A., Reenberg A., Tottrup C. Historical footprints in contemporary landuse systems: forest cover changes in savannah woodlands in the Sudano-Sahelian zone. Glob. Environ. Change 2003, 13:235-254.
91. White R.P., Tunstall D., Henninger N. An Ecosystem Approach to Dry Lands: Building Support for New Development Policies 2002, World Resources Institute, Information Policy Brief 1, Washington, DC.
92. Wilhelmi O.V., Wilhite D.W. Assessing vulnerability to agricultural drought: a Nebraska case study. Nat. Hazards 2002, 25:37-58.
93. Wilhite D.A. Drought and Water Crises Science, Technology and Management Issues 2005, Taylor and Francis Group, London, pp. 33-52.
94. Yonas Y. Managing fragile ecosystem, combating desertification and drought. Ethiopian Civil Society Preparation for Rio 10. The Forum for Environment 2001, Heinrich Boll Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. T. Hecktett (Ed.).