Special considerations in the older athlete

Clinical Sports Medicine

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 103-115

  Shephard, Roy J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84869790390     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-141602443-9.50012-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (81)

1. Shephard RJ, Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ Personal health benefits of Masters athletic competition. Br J Sports Med 1995, 29:35-40.
2. Kavanagh T, Mertens DJ, Matosevic V, et al. Health and aging of Masters athletes. Clin J Sports Med 1989, 1:72-88.
3. Kasch FW, Boyer JL, van Camp SP, et al. Effect of exercise on cardiovascular ageing. Age Ageing 1993, 22:5-10.
4. Kasch FW, Boyer JL, Schmidt PK, et al. Ageing of the cardiovascular system during 33 years of aerobic exercise. Age Ageing 1999, 28:531-536.
5. Paterson DH, Cunningham DA, Koval JJ, et al. Aerobic fitness in a population of independently living men and women aged 55-86 years. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999, 31:1813-1820.
6. Shephard RJ, Montelpare WJ Geriatric benefits of exercise as an adult. J Gerontol 1988, 43:86-90.
7. Lakatta EG Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in advanced age. Physiol Rev 1993, 73:413-467.
8. Lakatta EG Aging and cardiovascular structure and function in healthy sedentary humans. Aging (Milano) 1998, 10:162-164.
9. Jackson AS, Beard EF, Wier LT, et al. Changes in aerobic power of men ages 25-70 yr. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995, 27:113-120.
10. Shephard RJ Aging, Physical Activity and Health 1997, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL.
11. Aoyaji Y, Shephard RJ Aging and muscle function. Sports Med 1992, 14:376-396.
12. Fiatarone-Singh MA Exercise, Nutrition and the Older Woman 2000, CRC Publishing, Boca Raton, FL.
13. Lexell J Aging and human muscle: observations from Sweden. Can J Appl Physiol 1993, 18:2-18.
14. Fiatarone M, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, et al. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1769-1775.
15. 2max, thigh strength and muscle morphology in septuagenarian women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991, 23:752-758.
16. Fitness Canada Fitness and lifestyle in Canada 1983, Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
17. Duncan PW, Chandler J, Studenski S, et al. How do physiological components of balance affect mobility in elderly men?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993, 74:1343-1349.
18. Voorips LE, Lemmink KA, van Heuvelen MG, et al. The physical condition of elderly women differing in habitual activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993, 25:1152-1157.
19. Brown M, Holloszy JO Effects of a low intensity exercise program on selected physical performance characteristics of 60- to 71-year olds. Aging 1991, 3:129-139.
20. Hopkins DR, Murrah B, Hoeger WWK, et al. Effect of low impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women. Gerontol 1990, 30:189-192.
21. Morey MC, Cowper PA, Feussner JR, et al. Two-year trends in physical performance following supervised exercise among community-dwelling older veterans. J Am Ger Soc 1991, 39:986-992.
22. Rider RA, Daly J Effects of flexibility training on enhancing spinal mobility in older women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1991, 31:213-217.
23. Lane N, Micheli B, Bjorkengren A, et al. The risk of osteoarthritis with running and aging: A 5-year longitudinal study. J Rheumatol 1993, 20:461-468.
24. Vingârd E, Alfredson L, Goldie I, et al. Sports and osteoarthrosis of the hip: An epidemiologic study. Am J Sports Med 1993, 21:195-200.
25. McAlindon TE, Wilson PW, Aliabadi P, et al. Level of physical activity and the risk of radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham study. Am J Med 1999, 106:151-157.
26. Minor MA, Hewett JE, Webel RR, et al. Efficacy of physical conditioning exercise in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthr Rheum 1989, 32:1396-1405.
27. Overstall PW, Downton JH Gait, balance and falls. Principles and practice of geriatric medicine 1998, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. M.S.J. Pathy (Ed.).
28. Jaglal SB, Kreger N, Darlington G Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 1993, 138:107-118.
29. Iverson BD, Gossman MR, Shaddea SA, et al. Balance performance, force production and activity levels in non-institutionalized men 60 to 90 years of age. Phys Ther 1990, 70:348-355.
30. Hu M-H, Woollacott MH Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults. I. Postural stability and one-leg stance balance. J Gerontol 1994, 49:52-61.
31. Judge JO, Lindsey C, Underwood M, et al. Balance improvements in older women: Effects of exercise and training. Phys Ther 1993, 73:254-263.
32. MacRae PG, Feltner ME, Reinsch S A 1-year exercise program for older women: Effects on falls, injuries, and physical performance. J Aging Phys Activ 1994, 2:127-142.
33. Drinkwater B Physical activity, fitness and osteoporosis. Physical activity, Fitness and Health 1994, 724-736. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, T. Stephens (Eds.).
34. Loucks AB Reproductive changes and the endurance athlete. Endurance in sport 2000, 718-730. Blackwell, Oxford. R.J. Shephard, P.O. Åstrand (Eds.).
35. Michel BA, Lane NE, Björkengren A, et al. Impact of running on lumbar bone density: A 5-year longitudinal study. J Rheumatol 1992, 19:1759-1763.
36. Montoye HJ, Van Huss WD, Olson HW, et al. The longevity and mortality of college athletes 1957, Phi Epsilon Kappa Fraternity, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI.
37. Yamaji K, Shephard RJ Longevity and causes of death of athletes: a review of the literature. J Hum Ergol 1977, 6:13-25.
38. Karvonen MJ, Klemola H, Virkajarvi J, et al. Longevity of endurance skiers. Med Sci Sports 1974, 6:49-51.
39. Sarna S, Kaprio J Life expectancy of former athletes. Sports Med 1994, 17:149-151.
40. Robine JM, Ritchie K Healthy life expectancy: Evaluation of global indicator of change in population health. BMJ 1991, 302:457-460.
41. Pekkanen J, Marti B, Nissinen A, et al. Reduction of premature mortality by high physical activity: A 20-year follow-up of middle-aged Finnish men. Lancet 1987, i:1473-1477.
42. Fries JF Aging, natural death and the compression of morbidity. N Engl J Med 1980, 303:130-135.
43. Linsted KD, Tonstad K, Kuzma J Self-report of physical activity and patterns of mortality in Seventh-Day Adventist men. J Clin Epidemiol 1991, 44:355-364.
44. Paffenbarger R, Hyde RT, Wing AL Determinants of health and longevity. Exercise, fitness and health 1990, 33-48. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, T. Stephens (Eds.).
45. Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, et al. Some interrelations of physical activity, physiological fitness, health and longevity. Physical Activity, Fitness and Health 1994, 119-133. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, T. Stephens (Eds.).
46. Paffenbarger RS, Lee I-M Physical activity and fitness for health and longevity. Res Quart 1996, 67:S11-S28.
47. Guyatt GH, Dego RA, Charlson M, et al. Responsiveness and validity in health status measurement: A clarification. J Clin Epidemiol 1989, 42:403-408.
48. Shephard RJ Habitual physical activity and the quality of life. Quest 1996, 48:354-365.
49. Bouchard C, Shephard RJ Physical activity, fitness and health: The model and key concepts. Physical activity, fitness and health 1994, 77-88. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, T. Stephens (Eds.).
50. Bassey EJ, Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, et al. Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women. Clin Sci 1992, 82:321-327.
51. Shephard RJ Physical activity, training, and the immune response 1997, Cooper Publications, Carmel, IN.
52. Nieman DC, Berk LS, Simpson-Westerberg K, et al. Effects of long-endurance running on immune system parameters and lymphocyte function in experienced marathoners. Int J Sports Med 1989, 10:317-323.
53. North TC, McCullagh G, Todd IC, et al. Effect of exercise on depression. Ex Sport Sci Rev 1990, 18:379-416.
54. Shephard RJ, Corey P, Renzland P, et al. The influence of an industrial fitness program upon medical care costs. Can J Publ Hlth 1982, 73:259-263.
55. Mathews AM Contributors to the loss of independence and the promotion of independence among seniors 1989, Community Health Division, Health & Welfare, Canada, Ottawa, ON.
56. Cress ME, Buchner DM, Questad KA, et al. Exercise: effects on physical functional performance in independent older adults. J Gerontol 1999, 54:242-248.
57. Shephard RJ Sudden death: A significant hazard of exercise?. Br J Sports Med 1974, 8:101-110.
58. Siscovick DS Risks of exercising: Sudden cardiac death and injuries. Exercise, fitness and health 1990, 707-714. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, T. Stephens, J.R. Sutton, B.D. McPherson (Eds.).
59. Evans WJ Exercise training guidelines for the elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999, 31:12-17.
60. Feigenbaum MS, Pollock ML Prescription of resistance training for health and disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999, 31:38-45.
61. American College of Sports Medicine Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998, 30:992-1008.
62. Shephard RJ PAR-Q, Canadian Home Fitness Test and exercise screening alternatives. Sports Med 1988, 5:185-195.
63. Shephard RJ Prognostic value of exercise testing for coronary heart disease. Br J Sports Med 1982, 16:220-229.
64. Thomas S, Reading J, Shephard RJ Revision of the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q). Can J Sport Sci 1992, 17:338-345.
65. American College of Sports Medicine ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription 2000, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
66. Shephard RJ, Kavanagh T Predicting the cardiac catastrophe in the post-coronary patient. Can Fam Phys 1978, 24:614-618.
67. Lightman DA, Schachat A Eye diseases in the elderly. Clinical exercise physiology 2004, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. L.M. LeMura, S.P. von Duvillard (Eds.).
68. Volpi E, Sheffield-Moore M, Rasmussen BB, et al. Basal muscle amino acid kinetics and protein synthesis in healthy young and older men. JAMA 2001, 286:1206-1212.
69. Welle S, Thornton C, Jozefowicz R, et al. Myofibrillar protein synthesis in young and old men. Am J Physiol 1993, 264:693-698.
70. Toth MJ, Matthews DE, Tracy RP, et al. Age-related difference in skeletal muscle protein synthesis: relation to markers of immune activation. Am J Physiol 2005, 883-891.
71. Verde T, Thomas S, Shephard RJ Potential markers of heavy training in highly trained distance runners. Br J Sports Med 1992, 26:167-175.
72. Shinkai S, Konishi M, Shephard RJ Aging and immune response to exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1998, 76:562-572.
73. Mackinnon LT, Hooper S Mucosal (secretory) immune system responses to exercise of varying intensity and to overtraining. Int J Sports Med 1994, 15:179-183.
74. Furberg CD, Black DM The systolic pressure in the elderly pilot program: Methodological issues. Eur Heart J 1988, 9:223-227.
75. Shephard RJ Exercise, aging, and immune resistance to infections and neoplasms. Healthy aging. Activity and sports 1997, 174-180. Health Promotion Publications, Werbach-Gamburg, Germany. G. Huber (Ed.).
76. Kallinen M, Marku A Aging, physical activity and sports injuries: An overview of common sports injuries in the elderly. Sports Med 1995, 20:41-52.
77. Kallinen M, Alén M Sports-related injuries in elderly men still active in sports. Br J Sports Med 1994, 28:52-55.
78. Stelmach GE Physical activity and aging: Sensory and perceptual processing. Physical activity, fitness and health 1994, 504-510. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL. C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, T. Stephens (Eds.).
79. Kenney WL Body fluid and temperature regulation as a function of age. Exercise in older adults 1995, 305-351. Cooper Publications, Carmel, IN. D.R. Lamb, C.V. Gisolfi, E. Nadel (Eds.).
80. Killian KJ Exercise-induced bronchial obstruction. Current Therapy in sports medicine 1995, 676-678. Mosby, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd edn. J. Torg, R.J. Shephard (Eds.).
81. Balcomb AC, Sutton JR Advanced age and altitude illness. Sports medicine for the mature athlete 1986, 213-224. Benchmark Press, Indianapolis, IN. J.R. Sutton, R.M. Brock (Eds.).