Are socioeconomic disparities in tobacco consumption increasing in India? A repeated cross-sectional multilevel analysis

BMJ Open

Volumn 2, Issue 5, 2012, Pages

  Bhan, Nandita ^a   Srivastava, Swati ^b   Agrawal, Sutapa ^c   Subramanyam, Malavika ^d   Millett, Christopher ^e   Selvaraj, Sakthivel ^b   Subramanian, S V ^a  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH FOUNDATION OF INDIA   (India)

^c South Asia Network for Chronic Diseases (SANCD)   (India)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^e IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCOME; INDIA; MALE; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMICS; TOBACCO;

EID: 84869763825     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001348     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, et al. Educational status and cardiovascular risk profile in Indians. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2007;104.41:16263-8.
2. WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.
3. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997a;349:1436-42.
4. Murray CJL, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990-2020: global burden of disease study. Lancet 1997b;349:1498-504.
5. Rani M, Bonu S, Jha P, et al. Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tobacco Control 2003;12.4:e4.
6. Subramanian SV, Nandy S, Kelly M, et al. Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 National Family Health Survey. BMJ 2004;328.7443:801-6.
7. John RM, Rao RK, Rao MG, et al. The economics of tobacco and tobacco taxation in India. Paris: International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2010.
8. IIPS, & ORC Macro. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2), 1998-99. Data. Mumbai, India: IIPS, 2000.
9. IIPS, & ORC Macro. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005-06: India: Vol I. Data. Mumbai, India: IIPS, 2007.
10. Lopez AD, Collishaw NE, Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tobacco Control 1994;3:242-7.
11. Thun M, Peto R, Boreham J, et al. Stages of the cigarette epidemic on entering its second century. Tobacco Control 2011;21:96-101.
12. Sinha DN, Palipudi KM, Rolle I, et al. . Tobacco use among youth and adults in member countries of South-East Asia region: review of findings from surveys under the Global Tobacco Surveillance System. Indian J Public Health 2011;55:169-76.
13. GOI. Global Adult Tobacco Survey. GATS India 2009-10. Report. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, 2010.
14. Jha P, Jacob B, Gajalakshmi V, et al. A nationally representative case-control study of smoking and death in India. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1137-47.
15. Dikshit R, Gupta PC, Ramasundarahettige C, et al. Cancer mortality in India: a nationally representative survey. Lancet 2012;379:1807-16.
16. Critchley JA, Unal B. 2003. Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: a systematic review. Thorax 2003;58:435-43.
17. WHO. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: The MPOWER package. Gender, Women and the Tobacco Epidemic. Summary and Overview. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008.
18. Fernandez E, Garcia M, Schiaffino A, et al. Smoking initiation and cessation by gender and educational level in Catalonia, Spain. Prev Med 2011;32:218-23.
19. Viswanath K, Ackerson LK, Sorensen G, et al. 2010. Movies and TV influence tobacco use in India: findings from a national survey. PLoS One 2010:5:e11365.
20. Stigler M, Dhavan P, Van Dusen D, et al. Westernization and tobacco use among young people in Delhi, India. Soc Sci Med 2010:71:891-7.
21. Shah PB, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, et al. The relationship between tobacco advertisements and smoking status of youth in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008:9:637-42.
22. Ebrahim S. Surveillance and monitoring for chronic diseases: a vital investment. Natl Med J India Editorial 2011;22.3:129-32.
23. Palipudi KM, Gupta PC, SInha DN, et al. Social determinants of health and tobacco use in thirteen low and middle income countries: evidence from Global Adult tobacco Survey. PLoS One 2012;7:e33466.