Is estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy safe with respect to endometrial cancer risk?

International Journal of Cancer

Volumn 132, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 417-426

  Trabert, Britton ^a   Wentzensen, Nicolas ^a   Yang, Hannah P ^a   Sherman, Mark E ^a   Hollenbeck, Albert R ^b   Park, Yikyung ^a   Brinton, Louise A ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b AARP   (United States)

Author keywords

body mass index; cohort; endometrial cancer; estrogen plus progestin; menopausal hormone therapy

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG USE; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD RATIO; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; OBESITY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT;

AGED; BODY MASS INDEX; COHORT STUDIES; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; ENDOMETRIAL NEOPLASMS; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROGESTINS;

EID: 84869503034     PISSN: 00207136     EISSN: 10970215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27623     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Reis L, Melbert D, Krapcho M, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2005, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2005/. 2010. Accessed November 1, 2011.
2. Grodin JM, Siiteri PK, MacDonald PC,. Source of estrogen production in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973; 36: 207-14.
3. Smith DC, Prentice R, Thompson DJ, et al. Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 1164-7.
4. Ziel HK, Finkle WD,. Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 1167-70.
5. Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, et al. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 85: 304-13.
6. Crosbie EJ, Zwahlen M, Kitchener HC, et al. Body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19: 3119-30.
7. Lacey JV, Jr, Brinton LA, Lubin JH, et al. Endometrial carcinoma risks among menopausal estrogen plus progestin and unopposed estrogen users in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14: 1724-31.
8. Jaakkola S, Lyytinen H, Pukkala E, et al. Endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women using estradiol-progestin therapy. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: 1197-204.
9. Karageorgi S, Hankinson SE, Kraft P, et al. Reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use in relation to endometrial cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study cohort 1976-2004. Int J Cancer 2010; 126: 208-16.
10. Allen NE, Tsilidis KK, Key TJ, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial carcinoma among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172: 1394-403.
11. Pike MC, Peters RK, Cozen W, et al. Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89: 1110-16.
12. Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Baron JA, et al. Risk of endometrial cancer following estrogen replacement with and without progestins. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 1131-7.
13. Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A,. Patterns of postmenopausal progestin use with estrogen in relation to endometrial cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2003; 14: 195-201.
14. Doherty JA, Cushing-Haugen KL, Saltzman BS, et al. Long-term use of postmenopausal estrogen and progestin hormone therapies and the risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 197: 139-7.
15. Razavi P, Pike MC, Horn-Ross PL, et al. Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19: 475-83.
16. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 2008; 371: 569-78.
17. Lukanova A, Lundin E, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, et al. Body mass index, circulating levels of sex-steroid hormones, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3: a cross-sectional study in healthy women. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 150: 161-71.
18. Lacey JV, Jr, Leitzmann MF, Chang SC, et al. Endometrial cancer and menopausal hormone therapy in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort. Cancer 2007; 109: 1303-11.
19. Chang SC, Lacey JV, Jr, Brinton LA, et al. Lifetime weight history and endometrial cancer risk by type of menopausal hormone use in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16: 723-30.
20. Schatzkin A, Subar AF, Thompson FE, et al. Design and serendipity in establishing a large cohort with wide dietary intake distributions: the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154: 1119-25.
21. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321-33.
22. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 1701-12.
23. Jain MG, Rohan TE, Howe GR,. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer in Ontario, Canada. J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 385-91.
24. Whitehead MI, Fraser D,. The effects of estrogens and progestogens on the endometrium. Modern approach to treatment. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1987; 14: 299-320.
25. Strom BL, Schinnar R, Weber AL, et al. Case-control study of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164: 775-86.
26. Phipps AI, Doherty JA, Voigt LF, et al. Long-term use of continuous-combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 22: 1639-46.
27. Friedenreich C, Cust A, Lahmann PH, et al. Anthropometric factors and risk of endometrial cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Causes Control 2007; 18: 399-413.
28. Canchola AJ, Chang ET, Bernstein L, et al. Body size and the risk of endometrial cancer by hormone therapy use in postmenopausal women in the California Teachers Study cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2010; 21: 1407-16.
29. McCullough ML, Patel AV, Patel R, et al. Body mass and endometrial cancer risk by hormone replacement therapy and cancer subtype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17: 73-9.
30. Beral V, Bull D, Reeves G,. Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2005; 365: 1543-51.
31. Yang HP, Black A, Falk RT, et al. Association of serum sex steroid hormone hemodilution and body mass index among healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Epidemiol 2011; 21: 466-71.
32. Banks E, Beral V, Cameron R, et al. Agreement between general practice prescription data and self-reported use of hormone replacement therapy and treatment for various illnesses. J Epidemiol Biostat 2001; 6: 357-63.
33. Merrill RM,. Prevalence corrected hysterectomy rates and probabilities in Utah. Ann Epidemiol 2001; 11: 127-35.
34. McAdams MA, Van Dam RM, Hu FB,. Comparison of self-reported and measured BMI as correlates of disease markers in US adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2007; 15: 188-96.