Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 475-483

  Razavi, Pedram ^a   Pike, Malcolm C ^a   Horn Ross, Pamela L ^b   Templeman, Claire ^a   Bernstein, Leslie ^c   Ursin, Giske ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CANCER CENTER   (United States)

^c CITY OF HOPE NATIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CANCER INVASION; CANCER RISK; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG SAFETY; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; FEMALE; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BODY MASS INDEX; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; ENDOMETRIAL NEOPLASMS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; PROGESTINS; RISK FACTORS; TIME;

EID: 76149143405     PISSN: 10559965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0712     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Brinton LA, Hoover RN. Estrogen replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: unresolved issues. The Endometrial Cancer Collaborative Group. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:265-71.
2. Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, Ernster V, Petitti D. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:304-13.
3. Pike MC, Peters RK, Cozen W, et al. Estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and endometrial cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:1110-6.
4. Campbell S, McQueen J, Minardi J, Whitehead MI. The modifying effect of progestogen on the response of the post-menopausal endometrium to exogenous oestrogens. Postgrad Med J 1978;54 Suppl 2:59-64.
5. Whitehead MI, King RJ, McQueen J, Campbell S. Endometrial histology and biochemistry in climacteric women during oestrogen and oestrogen/progestogen therapy. J R Soc Med 1979;72:322-7.
6. Whitehead MI, Campbell S, Dyer G, et al. Progestogen modification of endometrial histology in menopasual women. Br Med J 1978;2:1643-4.
7. Stefanick ML. Estrogens and progestins: background and history, trends in use, and guidelines and regimens approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Am J Med 2005;118 Suppl 12B:64-73.
8. Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Baron JA, et al. Risk of endometrial cancer following estrogen replacement with and without progestins. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1131-7.
9. Beresford SA, Weiss NS, Voigt LF, McKnight B. Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of oestrogen combined with cyclic progestagen therapy in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1997;349:458-61.
10. Hill DA, Weiss NS, Beresford SA, et al. Continuous combined hormone replacement therapy and risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1456-61.
11. Doherty AJ, Cushing-Haugen KL, Saltzman BS, et al. Long-term use of postmenopausal estrogen and progestin hormone therapies and the risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;197:139 e1-7.
12. Anderson GL, Judd HL, Kaunitz AM. et al. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on gynecologic cancers and associated diagnostic procedures: the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. JAMA 2003;290:1739-48.
13. Hulley S, Furberg C, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 2002;288:58-66.
14. Beral V, Bull D, Reeves G. Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet 2005;365:1543-51.
15. Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A. Patterns of postmenopausal progestin use with estrogen in relation to endometrial cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2003;14:195-201.
16. Jain MG, Rohan TE, Howe GR. Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer in Ontario, Canada. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:385-91.
17. Lacey JV, Jr., Brinton LA, Lubin JH, Sherman ME, Schatzkin A, Schairer C. Endometrial carcinoma risks among menopausal estrogen plus progestin and unopposed estrogen users in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:1724-31.
18. McCullough ML, Patel AV, Patel R, et al. Body mass and endometrial cancer risk by hormone replacement therapy and cancer subtype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17:73-9.
19. Pike MC, Wu AH, Spicer DV, Lee S, Pearce CL. Estrogens, progestins, and risk of breast cancer. Ernst Schering Found Symp Proc 2007:127-50.
20. Friedenreich C, Cust A, Lahmann PH, et al. Anthropometric factors and risk of endometrial cancer: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Causes Control 2007;18:399-413.
21. Bernstein L, Allen M, Anton-Culver H, et al. High breast cancer incidence rates among California teachers: results from the California Teachers Study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:625-35.
22. Beresford SA, Coker AL. Pictorially assisted recall of past hormone use in case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 1989;130:202-5.
23. Key TJ, Pike MC. The dose-effect relationship between 'unopposed' oestrogens and endometrial mitotic rate: its central role in explaining and predicting endometrial cancer risk. Br J Cancer 1988;57:205-12.
24. Lethaby A, Suckling J, Barlow D, Farquhar CM, Jepson RG, Roberts H. Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: endometrial hyperplasia and irregular bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004:CD000402.
25. Langer RD, Landgren BM, Rymer J, Helmond FA. Effects of tibolone and continuous combined conjugated equine estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate on the endometrium and vaginal bleeding: results of the OPAL study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:1320-7.
26. Archer DF, Hendrix S, Gallagher JC, et al. Endometrial effects of tibolone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:911-8.
27. Dahmoun M, Odmark IS, Risberg B, Karlsson MG, Pavlenko T, Backstrom T. Apoptosis, proliferation, and sex steroid receptors in postmenopausal endometrium before and during HRT. Maturitas 2004;49:114-23.
28. Magyar Z, Berkes E, Csapo Z, Papp Z. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal endometrial bleeding. Pathol Oncol Res 2007;13:351-9.
29. Sturdee DW, Ulrich LG, Barlow DH, et al. The endometrial response to sequential and continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. BJOG 2000;107:1392-400.
30. Chang SC, Lacey JV, Jr., Brinton LA, et al. Lifetime weight history and endometrial cancer risk by type of menopausal hormone use in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:723-30.
31. MacDonald PC, Siiteri PK. The relationship between the extraglandular production of estrone and the occurrence of endometrial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 1974;2:259-63.
32. MacDonald PC, Edman CD, Hemsell DL, Porter JC, Siiteri PK. Effect of obesity on conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978;130:448-55.
33. Siiteri PK. Extraglandular oestrogen formation and serum binding of oestradiol: relationship to cancer. J Endocrinol 1981;89 Suppl: 119-29P.
34. Pike MC. Age-related factors in cancers of the breast, ovary, and endometrium. J Chronic Dis 1987;40 Suppl 2:59S-69S.