Comparisons of close relationships: An evaluation of relationship quality and patterns of attachment to parents, friends, and romantic partners in young adults

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 245-256

  Caron, Angela ^a   Lafontaine, Marie France ^a   Bureau, Jean François ^a   Levesque, Christine ^a   Johnson, Susan M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Context specific model; Dyadic functioning; Psychological well being; Trait model; Young adult attachment

Indexed keywords

EID: 84869195785     PISSN: 0008400X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0028013     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.4.709
2. Archer, R. P., & Klinefelter, D. (1991). MMPI factor analytic findings for adolescents: Item-and scale-level factor structures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 356-367. doi:10.1207/sl5327752jpa5702-13
3. Armsden, G., & Greenberg, M. (1987). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454. doi:10.1007/BF02202939
4. Baldwin, M. W., & Fehr, B. (1995). On the instability of attachment style ratings. Personal Relationships, 2, 247-261. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1995. tb00090.x (Pubitemid 126006973)
5. Baldwin, M. W., Keelan, J. P. R., Fehr, B., Enns, V., & Koh-Rangarajoo, E. (1996). Social cognitive conceptualization of attachment working models: Availability and accessibility effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 94-109. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.94
6. Bartholomew, K. (1993). From childhood to adult relationships: Attachment theory and research. In S. Duck (Ed.), Learning about relationships (pp. 30-62). London, UK: Sage.
7. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226
8. Berlin, L. J., & Cassidy, J. (1999). Relations among relationships: Contributions from attachment theory and research. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 688-712). New York. NY: Guilford Press.
9. Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.
10. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York, NY: Basic Books.
11. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Sadness and depression. New York, NY: Basic Books.
12. Brassard, A., Shaver, P. R., & Lussier, Y. (2007). Attachment, sexual experience, and sexual pressure in romantic relationships: A dyadic approach. Personal Relationships, 14, 475-493. doi: 10.1111475-6811.2007.00166.x
13. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
14. Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. In I. Bremerton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research (pp. 3-35). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15. Bretherton, I., & Munholland, K. A. (2008). Internal working models in attachment relationships: Elaborating a central construct in attachment theory. In J. Cassidy & P. H. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 102-127). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
16. Bureau, J. F., Easterbrooks, E. A., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2009). Maternal depressive symptoms in infancy: Unique contribution to children's depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence? Development and Psychopathology, 21, 519-537. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000285
17. Bureau, J. F., Martin, J., Freynet, N., Poirier, A. A., Lafontaine, M. F., & Cloutier, P. (2010). Perceived dimensions of parenting and non-suicidal self-injury in young adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 484-494. doi:10.1007/sl0964-009-9470-4
18. Bureau, J. F., Martin, J., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2010). Inadequate early caregiving and psychopathology. In R. Lanius, & E. Vermetten, (Eds.), The hidden epidemic: The impact of early life trauma on health and disease (pp. 48-56). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511777042. 007
19. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York, NY: Routledge.
20. Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Burmudez, J., Maslach, C., & Ruch, W. (2000). Multivariate methods for the comparison of factor structures in cross-cultural research: An illustration with the Big Five questionnaire. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 437-464. doi:10.1177/ 0022022100031004002
21. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
22. Comfrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
23. Cormier, M., Thibodeau, P., Dubois-Comtois, K., Bureau, J. F., Joubert, D., & Moss, E. (2001). Validation Française de l'Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, version réduite. Paper presented at the meeting of l'Association Canadienne Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
24. Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10, 1-9.
25. Cozzarelli, C., Hoekstra, S. J., & Bylsma, W. H. (2000). General versus specific mental models of attachment: Are they associated with different outcomes? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 605-618. doi:10.1177/0146167200267008
26. Daley, S. E., & Hammen, C. (2002). Depressive symptoms and close relationships during the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from dysphoric women, their best friends, and their romantic partners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 129-141. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.129 (Pubitemid 34150980)
27. Dozier, M., Stovall-McClough, K. C., & Albus, K. E. (2008). Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. H. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 718-744). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
28. Fraley, R. C., Brennan, K. A., & Waller, N. G. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350-365. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350
29. Fraley, C. R., & Davis, K. E. (1997). Attachment formation and transfer in young adults' close friendship and romantic relationships. Personal Relationships, 4, 131-144. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00135.x
30. Furman, W. (1999). Friends and lovers: The role of peer relationships in adolescent romantic relationships. In W. A. Collins & B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as developmental contexts: The 30th Minnesota symposia on child development (pp. 133-154). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Furman, W., Simon, V. A., Shaffer, L., & Bouchey, H. A. (2002). Adolescents' working models and styles for relationships with parents, friends, and romantic partners. Child Development, 73, 241-255. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624. 00403 (Pubitemid 41692484)
32. Furman, W., & Wehner, E. A. (1994). Romantic views: Toward a theory of adolescent romantic relationships. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, & G. P. Gullota (Eds.), Advances in adolescent development: Vol. 6. Relationships during adolescence (pp. 168-195). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
33. George, C., & West, M (1999). Developmental vs. social personality models of adult attachment and mental ill health. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 72, 285-303. doi:10.1348/000711299159998 (Pubitemid 29465537)
34. Graham, J. M., Liu, Y. J., & Jeziorski, J. L. (2006). The Dyadic Adjustment Scale: A reliability-generalizability meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 701-717. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00284.x (Pubitemid 44022590)
35. Hammen, C. L., Burge, D., Daley, S. E., Davila, J., Paley, B., & Rudolph, K. D. (1995). Interpersonal attachment cognitions and prediction of symptomatic responses to interpersonal stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 436-443.
36. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511
37. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 270-280. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270
38. Hepner, K. A., & Sechrest, L. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 in a predominately minority sample. Quality of Life Research, 11, 763-773. doi:10.1023/A: 1020822518857 (Pubitemid 35388173)
39. Imamoglu, S., & Imamoglu, E. O. (2006). Relationship between general and context-specific attachment orientations in a Turkish sample. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146, 261-274. doi:10.3200/SOCP.146.3.261-274 (Pubitemid 44022364)
40. Kafetsios, K., & Sideridis, G. D. (2006). Attachment, social support, and well-being in young and older adults. Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 863-875. doi:10.1177/1359105306069084 (Pubitemid 44545810)
41. Kazarian, S. S., Baker, B., & Helmes, E. (1987). The Parent Bonding Instrument: Factorial structure. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 231-232. doi:10.11 11/j.2044-8260.1987.tb01353.x
42. Kobak, R. (1994). Adult attachment: A personality or relationship construct? Psychological Inquiry, 5, 42-44. doi:10.1207/sl5327965pli0501-7
43. Lafontaine, M. F. (2008). French translation of the Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP). Unpublished manuscript, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
44. Lafontaine, M. F., Bélanger, C., & Gagnon, C. (2009). Support seeking, caregiving, and conflict management: Evidence from an observational study with couples. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 3, 9-24.
45. Lafontaine, M. F., & Lussier, Y. (2003). Structure bidimensionnelle de l'attachement amoureux: Anxiété face à l'abandon et évitement de rintimité./Bidimensional structure of attachment in love: Anxiety over abandonment and avoidance of intimacy. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 25, 71-95.
46. Lambert, M. J., & Burlingame, G. M. (1996). The Outcome Questionnaire-45.2. American Professional Credentialing Services. Retrieved from http://www.oqmeasures.com
47. Lambert, M. J., Burlingame, G. M., Umphress, V., Hansen, N. B., Vermeersch, D. A., Douse, G. C., & Yanchar, S. C. (1996). The reliability and validity of the Outcome Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 3, 249-258. doi:10.1002/(SICI) 1099-0879 (199612) 3:4<249::AID-CPP106>3.0. CO;2-S (Pubitemid 126696618)
48. Lambert, M. J., Morton, J. J., Hatfield, D. R., Harmon, C. Hamilton, S., Reid, R., & Burlingame, G. (2004). Administration and scoring manual for the OQ-45.2 (Outcome Questionnaire). American Professional Credentialing Services. Retrieved from http://www.oqmeasures.com
49. Laursen, B., Finklestein, B. D., & Betts, N. T. (2001). A developmental meta-analysis of peer conflict resolution. Developmental Review, 21, 423-449. doi:10.1006/drev. 2000.0531 (Pubitemid 33646294)
50. Lewis, M. (1994). Does attachment imply a relationship or multiple relationships? Psychological Inquiry, 5, 47-51. doi: 10.1207/sl5327965pli0501-9
51. Lopez, F. G., & Glover, M. R. (1993). Self-report measures of parentadolescent and separation individuation: A selective review. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71, 560-569. doi: 10.1002/j. 1556-6676.1993. tb02243.x
52. Lussier, Y. (1992). Traduction Française du Relationship Questionnaire. Unpublished manuscript, Université duq Uébec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada.
53. Main, M., & Goldwyn, R. (1998). Adult attachment classification system. Unpublished manuscript. University of California-Berkeley.
54. Meeus, W. H. J., Branje, S. J. T., Van Der Valk, I., & De Wied, M. (2007). Relationships with intimate partner, best friend, and parents in adolescence and early adulthood: A study of the saliency of the intimate partnership. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 569-580. doi:10.1177/0165025407080584 (Pubitemid 350142687)
55. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
56. Mohr, S., Preisig, M., Fenton, B. T., & Ferrero, F. (1999). Validation of the French version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 1065-1074. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869 (98) 00210-4
57. Osborne, J. W., & Waters, E. (2002). Four assumptions of multiple regression that researchers should always test. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 8. Retrieved from http://PAREonline.net/getvn. asp?v=8&n=2.
58. Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A Parental Bonding Instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1-10. doi: 10.111 l/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x (Pubitemid 9171341)
59. Paterson, J., Pryor, J., & Field, J. (1995). Adolescent attachment to parents and friends in relation to aspects of self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 365-376. doi:10.1007/BF01537602
60. Raja, S. N., McGee, R., & Stanton, W. R. (1992). Perceived attachments to parents and peers and psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21, 471-485.
61. Reese-Weber, M., & Bartle-Harding, S. (1998). Conflict resolution styles in family subsystems and adolescent romantic relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27, 735-752. doi:10.1023/A:1022861832406 (Pubitemid 128365117)
62. Ross, L. R., & Spinner, B. (2001). General and specific attachment representations in adulthood: Is there a relationship? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 18, 747-766. doi:10.1177/0265407501186001
63. Sabourin, S., Valois, P., & Lussier, Y. (2005). Development and validation of a brief version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale with a nonparametric item analysis model. Psychological Assessment, 17, 15-27. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.17.1.15 (Pubitemid 40389384)
64. Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1, 23-43. doi: 10.1111/j. 1475-6811. 1994.tb00053.x
65. Schneider, B. H., Atkinson, L., & Tardif, C. (2001). Child-parent attachment and children's peer relations: A quantitative review. Developmental Psychology, 37, 86-100. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.37.1.86
66. Shaver, P. R., Belsky, J., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). The adult attachment interview and self-reports of romantic attachment: Associations across domains and methods. Personal Relationships, 7, 25-43. doi: 10.1111/j. 1475-6811.2000.tb00002.x
67. Sroufe, L. A. (1983). Infant-caregiver attachment and patterns of adaptation in preschool: The roots of maladaptation and competence. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), Development and policy concerning children with special needs: The 30th Minnesota symposia on child psychology (pp. 41-83). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
68. Straus, M. A., & Hamby, S. L. (1999). The Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP). Unpublished manuscript. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH.
69. Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. (2010). Manual for the Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP). Unpublished manuscript, University of New Hampshire.
70. Straus, M. A., & Mouradian, V. E. (1999, November). Preliminary psychometric data for the personal and relationships profile (PRP): A multi-scale tool for clinical screening and research on partner violence. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
71. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
72. Thibodeau, P. (2005). L'attachement parentale et l'ajustement psychosocial des adolescents: Validation d'un instrument de mesure et étude du rôle médiateur de l'estime de soi. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
73. Thompson, R. A., & Raikes, H. A. (2003). Toward the next quartercentury: Conceptual and methodological challenges for attachment theory. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 691-718. doi: 10.1017. S0954579403000348 (Pubitemid 351480038)
74. Trinke, S. J., & Bartholomew, K. (1997). Hierarchies of attachment relationships in young adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14, 603-625. doi:10.1177/0265407597145002 (Pubitemid 127170818)
75. Vandeleur, C. L., Fenton, B. T., Ferrera, F., & Preisig, M. (2003). Construct validity of the French version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 62, 167-175. doi:10.1024//1421-0185.62.3.167 (Pubitemid 37177598)
76. Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2008). Cross-cultural patterns of attachment: Universal and contextual dimensions. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 688-712). New York. NY: Guilford Press.
77. Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (1995). Theory testing: Combining psychometric meta-analysis and structural equations modeling. Personnel Psychology, 48, 865-885. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01784.x
78. West, M., Rose, S., Spreng, S., & Adam, K. (2000). The Adult Unresolved Attachment Questionnaire: The assessment of perceptions of parental abdication of caregiving behaviour. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development, 161, 493-503. doi: 10.1080/00221320009596727