On the representation of immersion and condensation freezing in cloud models using different nucleation schemes

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 12, Issue 13, 2012, Pages 5807-5826

  Ervens, B ^a,b   Feingold, G ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CONDENSATION; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; FEEDBACK MECHANISM; FORMATION MECHANISM; FREEZING; ICE; LABORATORY METHOD; PARAMETERIZATION; TIME DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 84868708123     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-5807-2012     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alpert, P. A., Aller, J. Y., and Knopf, D. A.: Initiation of the ice phase by marine biogenic surfaces in supersaturated gas and supercooled aqueous phases, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 44, 19882-19894, 2011.
2. Archuleta, C. M., DeMott, P. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Ice nucleation by surrogates for atmospheric mineral dust and mineral dust/sulfate particles at cirrus temperatures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2617-2634, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2617- 2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 41646207)
3. Avramov, A. and Harrington, J. Y.: Influence of parameterized ice habit on simulated mixed phase Arctic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D03205, doi:10.1029/2009jd012108, 2010.
4. Barahona, D.: On the ice nucleation spectrum, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3733-3752, doi:10.5194/acp-12-3733-2012, 2012.
5. Bigg, E. K.: The formation of atmospheric ice crystals by the freezing of droplets, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 79, 342, 510-519, doi:10.1002/qj. 49707934207, 1953.
6. Broadley, S. L., Murray, B. J., Herbert, R. J., Atkinson, J. D., Dobbie, S., Malkin, T. L., Condliffe, E., and Neve, L.: Immersion mode heterogeneous ice nucleation by an illite rich powder representative of atmospheric mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 287-307, doi:10.5194/acp-12-287-2012, 2012.
7. Bryant, G. W., Hallett, J., and Mason, B. J.: The epitaxial growth of ice on single-crystalline substrates, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 12, 189-195, 1959.
8. Chen, J.-P. and Lamb, D.: The theoretical basis for the parameterization of ice crystal habits: Growth by vapor deposition, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 9, 1206-1221, 1994.
9. Chen, J.-P., Hazra, A., and Levin, Z.: Parameterizing ice nucleation rates using contact angle and activation energy derived from laboratory data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7431-7449, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7431-2008, 2008.
10. Christner, B. C., Morris, C. E., Foreman, C. M., Cai, R., and Sandis, D. C.: Ubiquity of biological ice nucleators in snowfall, Science, 319, 1214, doi:10.1126/science.1149757, 2008. (Pubitemid 351323010)
11. Connolly, P. J., Möhler, O., Field, P. R., Saathoff, H., Burgess, R., Choularton, T., and Gallagher, M.: Studies of heterogeneous freezing by three different desert dust samples, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2805-2824, doi:10.5194/acp-9-2805-2009, 2009.
12. Cotton, R. J. and Field, P. R.: Ice nucleation characteristics of an isolated wave cloud, Q. J. R. Meteor. Soc., 128, 2417-2437, 2002. (Pubitemid 35241630)
13. Cotton, W. R., Tripoli, G. J., Rauber, R. M., and Mulvihill, E. A.: Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Varying Ice Crystal Nucleation Rates and Aggregation Processes on Orographic Snowfall, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 25, 11, 1658-1680, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1658:NSOTEO>2.0.CO;2, 1986.
14. Crawford, I., Möhler, O., Schnaiter, M., Saathoff, H., Liu, D., McMeeking, G., Linke, C., Flynn, M., Bower, K. N., Connolly, P. J., Gallagher, M. W., and Coe, H.: Studies of propane flame soot acting as heterogeneous ice nuclei in conjunction with single particle soot photometer measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9549-9561, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9549-2011, 2011.
15. Crawford, I., Bower, K. N., Choularton, T. W., Dearden, C., Crosier, J., Westbrook, C., Capes, G., Coe, H., Connolly, P. J., Dorsey, J. R., Gallagher, M. W., Williams, P., Trembath, J., Cui, Z., and Blyth, A.: Ice formation and development in aged, wintertime cumulus over the UK: observations and modelling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4963-4985, doi:10.5194/acp-12-4963-2012, 2012.
16. Crosier, J., Bower, K. N., Choularton, T. W., Westbrook, C. D., Connolly, P. J., Cui, Z. Q., Crawford, I. P., Capes, G. L., Coe, H., Dorsey, J. R., Williams, P. I., Illingworth, A. J., Gallagher, M. W., and Blyth, A. M.: Observations of ice multiplication in a weakly convective cell embedded in supercooled mid-level stratus, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 257-273, doi:10.5194/acp-11-257-2011, 2011.
17. Curry, J.: Interactions among aerosols, clouds, and climate of the Arctic Ocean, Sci. Tot. Environ., 160/161, 777-791, 1995.
18. Curry, J. A. and Khvorostyanov, V. I.: Assessment of some parameterizations of heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud and climate models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1151-1172, doi:10.5194/acp-12-1151-2012, 2012.
19. de Boer, G., Hashino, T., and Tripoli, G. J.: Ice nucleation through immersion freezing in mixed-phase stratiform clouds: Theory and numerical simulations, Atmos. Res., 96, 315-324, 2010.
20. DeMott, P. J., Sassen, K., Poellot, M. R., Baumgardner, D., Rogers, D. C., Brooks, S. D., Prenni, A. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: African dust aerosols as atmospheric ice nuclei, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1732, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017410, 2003.
21. DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., Liu, X., Kreidenweis, S. M., Petters, M. D., Twohy, C. H., Richardson, M. S., Eidhammer, T., and Rogers, D. C.: Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 107, 11217-11222, doi:10.1073/pnas.0910818107, 2010.
22. Diehl, K. and Wurzler, S.: Heterogeneous drop freezing in the immersion mode: Model calculations considering soluble and insoluble particles in the drops, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2063-2072, 2004. (Pubitemid 39169265)
23. Diehl, K., Matthias-Maser, S., Jaenicke, R., and Mitra, S. K.: The ice nucleating ability of pollen:: Part II. Laboratory studies in immersion and contact freezing modes, Atmos. Res., 61, 125-133, doi:10.1016/s0169-8095(01) 00132-6, 2002. (Pubitemid 34212989)
24. Eidhammer, T., DeMott, P. J., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: A comparison of heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterizations using a parcel model framework, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06202, doi:10.1029/2008JD011095, 2009.
25. Ervens, B., Feingold, G., Sulia, K., and Harrington, J.: The impact of microphysical parameters, ice nucleation mode, and habit growth on the ice/liquid partitioning in mixed-phase Arctic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17, D17205, doi:10.1029/2011jd015729, 2011.
26. Field, P. R., Heymsfield, A. J., Shipway, B. J., DeMott, P. J., Pratt, K. A., Rogers, D. C., Stith, J., and Prather, K. A.: Ice in Clouds Experiment - Layer Clouds. Part 2: Testing characteristics of heterogeneous ice formation in lee wave clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 1066-1079, doi:10.1175/jas-d-11-026.1, 2011.
27. Fletcher, N. H.: Size effects in heterogeneous nucleation, J. Chem. Phys., 29, 572-576, 1958.
28. Fletcher, N. H.: Active sites and ice nucleation, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1266-1271, 1969.
29. Fridlind, A. M., Ackermann, A. S., McFarquhar, G., Zhang, G., Poellot, M. R., DeMott, P. J., Prenni, A. J., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus clouds during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 2. Model results, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24202, doi:10.1029/2007JD008646, 2007.
30. Fukuta, N.: Experimental studies of organic ice nuclei, J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 191-196, 1966.
31. Fukuta, N. and Schaller, R. C.: Ice Nucleation by Aerosol Particles. Theory of Condensation-Freezing Nucleation, J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 648-655, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039<0648:inbapt>2.0.co;2, 1982.
32. Gorbunov, B., Baklanov, A., Kakutkina, N., Windsor, H. L., and Toumi, R.: Ice nucleation on soot particles, J. Aerosol Sci., 32, 199-215, doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(00)00077-x, 2001. (Pubitemid 32014351)
33. Hallett, J. and Mason, B. J.: The Influence of Temperature and Supersaturation on the Habit of Ice Crystals Grown from the Vapour, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. A Math., 247, 440-453, 1958.
34. Harrington, J. Y., Reisin, T., Cotton, W. R., and Kreidenweis, S. M.: Exploratory cloud resolving simulations of arctic stratus. Part II: Transition-season clouds, Atmos. Res., 51, 45-75, 1999. (Pubitemid 30086891)
35. Hobbs, P. V. and Rangno, A. L.: Ice Particle Concentrations in Clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2523-2549, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<2523:ipcic>2. 0.co;2, 1985.
36. Hoose, C., Kristjansson, J. E., Chen, J.-P., and Hazra, A.: A Classical-Theory-Based Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation by Mineral Dust, Soot, and Biological Particles in a Global Climate Model, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 2483-2503, doi:10.1175/2010JAS3425.1, 2010.
37. Jeffery, C. A. and Austin, P. H.: Homogeneous nucleation of supercooled water: Results from a new equation of state, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25269-25279, 1997.
38. Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: A new theory of heterogeneous ice nucleation for application on cloud and climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 4081-4084, 2000. (Pubitemid 32281803)
39. Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN: Part I: Critical radius, energy, and nucleation rate, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2676-2691, 2004. (Pubitemid 40042842)
40. Khvorostyanov, V. I. and Curry, J. A.: The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN: Part II: Parcel model studies, J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 261-285, 2005. (Pubitemid 40335244)
41. Korolev, A. and Isaac, G.: Phase transformation in mixed phase clouds, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 19-38, 2003.
42. i, IN active fraction, nu-cleation time-lag, and the effect of active sites on contact angles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 95-105, doi:10.5194/acp-10-95-2010, 2010.
43. Kulkarni, G., Fan, J., Comstock, J. M., Liu, X., and Ovchinnikov, M.: Laboratory measurements and model sensitivity studies of dust deposition ice nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 2483-2516, doi:10.5194/acpd-12- 2483-2012, 2012.
44. Kumai, M.: Electron microscope study of snow-crystal nuclei, J. Meteorol., 8, 151-156, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1951)008<0151:emsosc>2.0. co;2, 1951.
45. Lamb, D. and Verlinde, H.: Physics and Chemistry of Clouds, 1st Edn., University Press, Cambridge, 584 pp., 2011.
46. Lance, S., Shupe, M. D., Feingold, G., Brock, C. A., Cozic, J., Holloway, J. S., Moore, R. H., Nenes, A., Schwarz, J. P., Spackman, J. R., Froyd, K. D., Murphy, D. M., Brioude, J., Cooper, O. R., Stohl, A., and Burkhart, J. F.: Cloud condensation nuclei as a modulator of ice processes in Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8003-8015, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8003-2011, 2011.
47. Langham, E. J. and Mason, B. J.: The Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Nucleation of Supercooled Water, P. Roy. Soc. Lond. A Math., 247, 493-504, 1958.
48. Lüönd, F., Stetzer, O., Welti, A., and Lohmann, U.: Experimental study on the ice nucleation ability of size-selected kaolinite particles in the immersion mode, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14201, doi:10.1029/2009jd012959, 2010.
49. Marcolli, C., Gedamke, S., Peter, T., and Zobrist, B.: Efficiency of immersion mode ice nucleation on surrogates of mineral dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5081-5091, doi:10.5194/acp-7-5081-2007, 2007. (Pubitemid 47542244)
50. Mason, B. J.: The growth of ice crystals in a supercooled water cloud, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 79, 441-441, doi:10.1002/qj.49707934121, 1953.
51. McDonald, J. E.: Use of the electrostatic analogy in studies of ice crystal growth, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 14, 610-619, 1963.
52. McFarquhar, G., Zhang, G., Poellot, M. R., Kok, G. L., McCoy, R., Tooman, T., Fridlind, A. M., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Ice properties of single-layer stratocumulus clouds during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment: 1. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24202, doi:10.1029/2007JD008633, 2007.
53. Meyers, M., DeMott, P. J., and Cotton, W. R.: New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model, J. Appl. Meteorol., 31, 708-720, 1992.
54. Möhler, O., Field, P. R., Connolly, P., Benz, S., Saathoff, H., Schnaiter, M., Wagner, R., Cotton, R., Krämer, M., Mangold, A., and Heymsfield, A. J.: Efficiency of the deposition mode ice nu-cleation on mineral dust particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3007-3021, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3007-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44100537)
55. Morrison, H., Shupe, M. D., Pinto, J. O., and Curry, J. A.: Possible roles of ice nucelation mode and ice nuclei depletion in the extended lifetime of Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18801, doi:10.1029/2005GL023614, 2005. (Pubitemid 41582604)
56. Morrison, H., Pinto, J. O., Curry, J. A., and McFarquhar, G. M.: Sensitivity of modeled Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus to cloud condensation and ice nuclei over regionally varying surface conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05203, doi:10.1029/2007JD008729, 2008.
57. Morrison, H., de Boer, G., Feingold, G., Harrington, J., Shupe, M. D., and Sulia, K.: Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds, Nat. Geosci., 5, 11-17, 2012.
58. Murray, B. J., Wilson, T. W., Dobbie, S., Cui, Z., Al-Jumur, S. M. R. K., Mohler, O., Schnaiter, M., Wagner, R., Benz, S., Niemand, M., Saathoff, H., Ebert, V., Wagner, S., and Karcher, B.: Heterogeneous nucleation of ice particles on glassy aerosols under cirrus conditions, Nat. Geosci., 3, 233-237, 2010.
59. Murray, B. J., Broadley, S. L., Wilson, T. W., Atkinson, J. D., and Wills, R. H.: Heterogeneous freezing of water droplets containing kaolinite particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4191-4207, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4191-2011, 2011.
60. Niedermeier, D., Hartmann, S., Shaw, R. A., Covert, D., Mentel, T. F., Schneider, J., Poulain, L., Reitz, P., Spindler, C., Clauss, T., Kiselev, A., Hallbauer, E., Wex, H., Mildenberger, K., and Stratmann, F.: Heterogeneous freezing of droplets with immersed mineral dust particles - measurements and parameterization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3601-3614, doi:10.5194/acp-10-3601- 2010, 2010.
61. Niedermeier, D., Shaw, R. A., Hartmann, S., Wex, H., Clauss, T., Voigtländer, J., and Stratmann, F.: Heterogeneous ice nucleation: exploring the transition from stochastic to singular freezing behavior, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8767-8775, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8767-2011, 2011.
62. Niemand, M., Möhler, O., Vogel, B., Vogel, H., Hoose, C., Connolly, P., Klein, H., Bingemer, H., DeMott, P., Skrotzki, J., and Leisner, T.: A particle-surface-area-based parameterization of immersion freezing on desert dust particles, J. Atmos. Sci., doi:10.1175/jas-d-11-0249.1, in press, 2012.
63. Penner, J. E., Chen, Y., Wang, M., and Liu, X.: Possible influence of anthropogenic aerosols on cirrus clouds and anthropogenic forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 879-896, doi:10.5194/acp-9-879-2009, 2009.
64. Phillips, V. T. J., DeMott, P. J., and Andronache, C.: An empirical parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation for multiple chemical species of aerosol, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2757-2783, 2008.
65. Pinti, V., Marcolli, C., Zobrist, B., Hoyle, C. R., and Peter, T.: Ice nucleation efficiency of clay minerals in the immersion mode, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 3213-3261, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-3213-2012, 2012.
66. Popovicheva, O., Kireeva, E., Persiantseva, N., Khokhlova, T., Shonija, N., Tishkova, V., and Demirdjian, B.: Effect of soot on immersion freezing of water and possible atmospheric implications, Atmos. Res., 90, 326-337, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2008.08.004, 2008.
67. Roberts, P. and Hallett, J.: A laboratory study of the ice nucleating properties of some mineral particulates, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 25-34, doi:10.1002/qj.49709439904, 1968.
68. Schnell, R. C. and Vali, G.: Biogenic ice nuclei: Part I. Terrestrial and marine sources, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1554-1564, 1976.
69. Shaw, R. A., Durant, A. J., and Mi, Y.: Heterogeneous Surface Crystallization Observed in Undercooled Water, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, 9865-9868, doi:10.1021/jp0506336, 2005. (Pubitemid 40786049)
70. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H. L.: Climate Change 2007 - The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2007.
71. Sulia, K. J. and Harrington, J. Y.: Ice aspect ratio influences on mixed-phase clouds: Impacts on phase partitioning in parcel models, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21309, doi:10.1029/2011jd016298, 2011.
72. Takahashi, T., Endoh, T., Wakahama, G., and Fukuta, N.: Vapor diffusional growth of freefalling snow crystals between -3 and -23 °C, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 69, 15-30, 1991.
73. Vali, G.: Quantitative Evaluation of Experimental Results an the Heterogeneous Freezing Nucleation of Supercooled Liquids, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 402-409, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0402:QEOERA>2.0.CO;2, 1971.
74. Vali, G.: Freezing rate due to heterogeneous nucleation, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1843-1856, 1994.
75. Vali, G.: Repeatability and randomness in heterogeneous freezing nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5017-5031, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5017-2008, 2008.
76. Vali, G. and Stansbury, E. J.: Time-dependent characteristics of the heterogenous nucleation of ice, Can. J. Phys., 44, 477-502, 1966.
77. Vonnegut, B. and Baldwin, M.: Repeated Nucleation of a Supercooled Water Sample that Contains Silver Iodide Particles, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 23, 486-490, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1984)023<0486:rnoasw>2.0.co;2, 1984. (Pubitemid 14605343)
78. 3, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D03205, doi:10.1029/2010jd014964, 2011.
79. Welti, A., Lüönd, F., Stetzer, O., and Lohmann, U.: Influence of particle size on the ice nucleating ability of mineral dusts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6705-6715, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6705-2009, 2009.
80. Welti, A., Lüönd, F., Kanji, Z. A., Stetzer, O., and Lohmann, U.: Time dependence of immersion freezing, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 12, 12623-12662, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-12623-2012, 2012.
81. Wheeler, M. J. and Bertram, A. K.: Deposition nucleation on mineral dust particles: a case against classical nucleation theory with the assumption of a single contact angle, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1189-1201, doi:10.5194/acp-12- 1189-2012, 2012.
82. Zobrist, B., Koop, T., Luo, B. P., Marcolli, C., and Peter, T.: Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Rate Coefficient of Water Droplets Coated by a Nonadecanol Monolayer, J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, 2149-2155, 2007. (Pubitemid 46346969)