Toward quantifying the composition of soft tissues by spectral CT with Medipix3

Medical Physics

Volumn 39, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 6847-6857

  Ronaldson, J Paul ^a   Zainon, Rafidah ^b   Scott, Nicola Jean Agnes ^a   Gieseg, Steven Paul ^b   Butler, Anthony P ^a,b,c   Butler, Philip H ^b,c   Anderson, Nigel G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY   (New Zealand)

^c CERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

computed tomography (CT); material decomposition; photon counting detector; spectral CT

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM CHLORIDE; DEGREES OF FREEDOM (MECHANICS); DISEASES; HISTOLOGY; IRON; LEAST SQUARES APPROXIMATIONS; PHANTOMS; SILICON SENSORS; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SUNFLOWER OIL; TISSUE; X RAY DETECTORS; X RAY TUBES;

CONSTRAINED LEAST SQUARES; HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION; MICRO-FOCUS X-RAY TUBES; PERFORMANCE POTENTIALS; PHOTON COUNTING DETECTORS; SPECTRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIES; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS;

COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 84868606171     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.4760773     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. R. Ballabriga, M. Campbell, E. Heijne, X. Llopart, and L. Tlustos, The Medipix3 prototype, a pixel readout chip working in single photon counting mode with improved spectrometric performance., in 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (IEEE, New York, 2006), Vol. 6.
2. R. E. Alvarez and A. Macovski, Energy-selective reconstructions in x-ray computerised tomography., Phys. Med. Biol. 21 (5), 733-745 (1976). 10.1088/0031-9155/21/5/002
3. R. Brooks, A quantitative theory of the Hounsfield unit and its application to dual energy scanning., J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1 (4), 487-493 (1977). 10.1097/00004728-197710000-00016
4. R. E. Alvarez, Estimator for photon counting energy selective x-ray imaging with multibin pulse height analysis., Med. Phys. 38 (5), 2324-2334 (2011). 10.1118/1.3570658
5. J. P. Schlomka, E. Roessl, R. Dorscheid, S. Dill, G. Martens, T. Istel, C. Baumer, C. Herrmann, R. Steadman, G. Zeitler, A. Livne, and R. Proksa, Experimental feasibility of multi-energy photon-counting K-edge imaging in pre-clinical computed tomography., Phys. Med. Biol. 53 (15), 4031-4047 (2008). 10.1088/0031-9155/53/15/002
6. M. Firsching, P. Takoukam Talla, T. Michel, and G. Anton, Material resolving x-ray imaging using spectrum reconstruction with Medipix2., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 591 (1), 19-23 (2008). 10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.017
7. H. Bornefalk, XCOM intrinsic dimensionality for low-Z elements at diagnostic energies., Med. Phys. 39 (2), 654-657 (2012). 10.1118/1.3675399
8. N. Anderson, Spectroscopic (multi-energy) CT distinguishes iodine and barium contrast material in mice., Eur. Radiol. 20 (9), 2126-2134 (2010). 10.1007/s00330-010-1768-9
9. P. M. Shikhaliev and S. G. Fritz, Photon counting spectral CT versus conventional CT: Comparative evaluation for breast imaging application., Phys. Med. Biol. 56 (7), 1905-1930 (2011). 10.1088/0031-9155/56/7/001
10. A. Tarantola, Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation (Society for Industrial Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 2005).
11. H. Le and S. Molloi, Segmentation and quantification of materials with energy discriminating computed tomography: A phantom study., Med. Phys. 38 (1), 228-237 (2011). 10.1118/1.3525835
12. M. F. Walsh, A. M. T. Opie, J. P. Ronaldson, R. M. N. Doesburg, S. J. Nik, J. L. Mohr, R. Ballabriga, A. P. H. Butler, and P. H. Butler, First CT using Medipix3 and the MARS-CT-3 spectral scanner., J. Instrum. 6 (01), C01095 (2011). 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01095
13. J. P. Ronaldson, R. Zainon, N. Anderson, A. Butler, and P. Butler, Performance of MARS-CT using Medipix3 for spectral imaging of soft-tissue., in 2011 IEEE Proceedings of Nuclear Science and Medical Imaging Conference (IEEE, New York, 2011).
14. R. Doesburg, M. Clyne, D. van Leeuwen, N. Cook, P. Butler, and A. Butler, Fast Ethernet readout for Medipix arrays with MARS-CT., in presented at IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Orlando, Florida, 2009 (unpublished) (University of Canterbury, 2009).
15. R. Zainon, J. P. Ronaldson, A. Butler, and P. Butler, Establishing a linear basis for quantifying material composition using spectral computed tomography., in Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (BEB2011) (IEEE, Beijing, 2011).
16. C. Schirra, E. Roessl, T. Koehler, B. Brendel, A. Thran, and R. Proksa, Maximum likelihood CT reconstruction from material-decomposed sinograms using Fisher information., in 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) (IEEE, New York, 2011), pp. 4063-4065.
17. P. M. Shikhaliev, Tilted angle CZT detector for photon counting/energy weighting x-ray and CT imaging., Phys. Med. Biol. 51 (17), 4267-4287 (2006). 10.1088/0031-9155/51/17/010
18. C. Rodgers, Information content and optimisation of high spectral resolution measurements., Proc. SPIE 2830, 136-147 (1996). 10.1117/12.256110
19. 2, J. Appl. Meteorol. 43 (2), 373-378 (2004). 10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0373:ICOISS>2.0.CO;2
20. D. F. Jackson and D. Hawkes, X-ray attenuation coefficients of elements and mixtures., Phys. Rep. 70 (3), 169-233 (1981). 10.1016/0370-1573(81)90014-4
21. G. Kaye and T. Laby, Tables of Physical Chemical Constants, 16th ed. (National Physical Laboratory, UK, 1995), Densities of aqueous solutions, section 3.6.3, version 1.0, 2005 (online).
22. J. Ye, On measuring and correcting the effects of data mining and model selection., J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 93 (441), 120-131 (1998). 10.1080/01621459.1998.10474094
23. J. P. Ronaldson, M. Walsh, S. J. Nik, J. Donaldson, R. M. N. Doesburg, D. van Leeuwen, R. Ballabriga, M. N. Clyne, A. P. H. Butler, and P. H. Butler, Characterization of Medipix3 with the MARS readout and software., J. Instrum. 6 (01), C01056 (2011). 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/C01056
24. M. Paulus, S. Gleason, S. Kennel, P. Hunsicker, and D. Johnson, High resolution X-ray computed tomography: an emerging tool for small animal cancer research., Neoplasia 2 (1-2), 62-70 (2000). 10.1038/sj.neo.7900069
25. B. Münch, P. Trtik, F. Marone, and M. Stampanoni, Stripe and ring artifact removal with combined wavelet-fourier filtering., Opt. Express 17 (10), 8567-8591 (2009). 10.1364/OE.17.008567
26. M. Dierick, B. Masschaele, and L. V. Hoorebeke, Octopus, a fast and user-friendly tomographic reconstruction package developed in labview®, Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 (7), 1366-1371 (2004). 10.1088/0957-0233/15/7/020
27. N. Ford, M. Thornton, and D. Holdsworth, Fundamental image quality limits for microcomputed tomography in small animals., Med. Phys. 30, 2869-2877 (2003). 10.1118/1.1617353
28. D. A. Rahdert, W. L. Sweet, F. O. Tio, C. Janicki, and D. M. Duggan, Measurement of density and calcium in human atherosclerotic plaque and implications for arterial brachytherapy., Cardiovasc. Radiat. Med. 1 (4), 358-367 (1999). 10.1016/S1522-1865(00)00030-5
29. S. Thiam, R. Tracy, P. J. W. Robinson, and I. Warner, Determination of elements in native and bypass human coronary artery plaque deposits from the same heart using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry., J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 39 (6), 1497-1503 (2004). 10.1081/ESE-120037849
30. N. Stadler, R. Lindner, and M. Davies, Direct detection and quantification of transition metal ions in human atherosclerotic plaques: Evidence for the presence of elevated levels of iron and copper., Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol. 24 (5), 949-954 (2004). 10.1161/01.ATV.0000124892.90999.cb
31. N. Scott, V. Cameron, S. Raudsepp, L. Lewis, E. Simpson, A. Richards, and L. Ellmers, Generation and characterization of a mouse model of the metabolic syndrome: apolipoprotein E and aromatase double knockout mice., Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 302 (5), E576-E584 (2012). 10.1152/ajpendo.00222.2011
32. X. Liu, L. Yu, A. Primak, and C. McCollough, Quantitative imaging of element composition and mass fraction using dual-energy CT: Three-material decomposition., Med. Phys. 36, 1602-1609 (2009). 10.1118/1.3097632
33. J. Sorenson and J. Floch, Scatter rejection by air gaps: an empirical model., Med. Phys. 12, 308-316 (1985). 10.1118/1.595690
34. G. Glover, Compton scatter effects in CT reconstructions., Med. Phys. 9, 860-867 (1982). 10.1118/1.595197
35. P. Joseph and R. Spital, The effects of scatter in x-ray computed tomography., Med. Phys. 9, 464-472 (1982). 10.1118/1.595111
36. G. T. Herman, Correction for beam hardening in computed tomography., Phys. Med. Biol. 24 (1), 81-106 (1979). 10.1088/0031-9155/24/1/008