The Relation Between Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Police Officers

Journal of Loss and Trauma

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-9

  Chopko, Brian A ^a   Schwartz, Robert C ^b  

^a KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

Author keywords

law enforcement; mindfulness; police; posttraumatic stress; PTSD; trauma

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868550457     PISSN: 15325024     EISSN: 15325032     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2012.674442     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11, 191-206.
2. Batten, S. V., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of comorbid substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Case Studies, 4, 246-262.
3. Baumerta, J., Simon, H., Gundel, H., Schmitt, C., & Ladwig, K. H. (2004). The Impact of Events Scale-Revised: Evaluation of the subscales and correlations to psychophysiological startle response patterns in survivors of life-threatening cardiac event. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 29-41.
4. Bohrer, S. (2005). After firing the shots, what happens? FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 74, 8-13.
5. Chopko, B. A. (2010). Posttraumatic distress and growth: An empirical study of police officers. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 64, 55-72.
6. Chopko, B. A., & Schwartz, R. C. (2009). The relation between mindfulness and posttraumatic growth: A study of first responders to trauma-inducing incidents. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 31, 363-376.
7. Chopko, B. A., & Schwartz, R. C. (in press). Correlates of career traumatization and symptomatology among active-duty police officers. Criminal Justice Studies: A Critical Journal of Crime, Law, & Society.
8. Creamer, M., Bell, R., & Failla, S. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised. Behavior Research and Therapy, 41, 1489-1496.
9. Davis, G. G., & Lehman, D. R. (1995). Counterfactual thinking and coping with traumatic life events. In N. J. Roese & J. M. Olson (Eds.), What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking (pp. 353-374). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. Follette, V., Palm, K. M., & Pearson, A. N. (2006). Mindfulness and trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 24, 45-61.
11. Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57, 35-43.
12. McCaslin, S. E., Rogers, C. E., Metzler, T. J., Best, S. R., Weiss, D. S., & Fagan, J. A. (2006). The impact of personal threat on police officers' responses to critical incident stressors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 591-597.
13. Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2002). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation, (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak.
14. Morris, B. A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Rieck, M., & Newberry, J. (2005). Multidimensional nature of posttraumatic growth in an Australian population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 575-585.
15. Sifneos, P. E. (1991). Affect, emotional conflict and deficit: An overview. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 56, 116-122.
16. U.S. Department of Justice. (2007). Local police departments, 2007. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/lpd07.pdf
17. van der Kolk, B. A. (1996). The complexity of adaptation to trauma: Self-regulation, stimulus discrimination, and characterological development. In B. van der Kolk, A. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (Eds.), Traumatic stress (pp. 182-213). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
18. Violanti, J. M., & Aron, F. (1994). Ranking police stressors. Psychological Reports, 75, 824-826.
19. Vujanovic, A. A., Youngworth, N. E., Johnson, K. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2009). Mindfulness-based acceptance and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults without axis I psychopathology. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 297-303.
20. Walser, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: Theoretical and applied issues. In V. M. Follette & J. I. Ruzek (Eds.), Cognitive-behavioral therapies for trauma (, 2nd ed., pp. 146-172). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
21. Weiss, D. S., Brunet, A., Best, S. R., Metzler, T. J., Liberman, A., & Pole, N. (2010). Frequency and severity approaches to indexing exposure to trauma: The Critical Incident History Questionnaire for police officers. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 734-743.
22. Weiss, D., & Marmar, C. (1997). The Impact of Events Scale-Revised. In J. Wilson & T. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD: A practitioner's handbook (pp. 399-411). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
23. Williams, V., Ciarrochi, J., & Deane, F. P. (2010). On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient: Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits. Australian Psychologist, 45, 274-282.
24. Zoellner, T., & Maercker, A. (2006). Posttraumatic growth in clinical psychology: A review and introduction of a two-component model. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 626-653.