On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient: Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits

Australian Psychologist

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 274-282

  Williams, Virginia ^a   Ciarrochi, Joseph ^a   Deane, Frank Patrick ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

Author keywords

Acceptance; Emotion identification; Mental health; Mindfulness; Police

Indexed keywords

EID: 78149428266     PISSN: 00050067     EISSN: 17429544     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00050060903573197     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Amaranto, E., Steinberg, J., Castellano, C., & Mitchell, R. (2003). Police stress interventions. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 3, 47-53.
2. Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: I Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32.
3. Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: II Convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 33-40.
4. Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5,156-163.
5. Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 1057-1067.
6. Brown, J. M., & Campbell, E. A. (1994). Stress and policing: Sources and strategies. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
7. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.
8. Burke, R. J. (1993). Work-family stress, conflict, coping and burnout in police officers. Psychological Reports, 65, 3-12.
9. Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263.
10. Ciarrochi, J., & Blackledge, J. T. (2006). Mindfulness-based emotional intelligence training: A new approach to reducing human suffering and promoting effectiveness. In J. Ciarrochi, J. P. Forgas, & J. D. Mayer (Eds.), Emotional intelligence in everyday life (2nd ed., pp. 206-228). New York: Psychology Press.
11. Ciarrochi, J., Chan, A., Caputi, P., & Roberts, R. (2001). Measuring emotional intelligence. In J. Ciarrochi, & J. P. Forgas (Eds.), Emotional intelligence in everyday life: A scientific inquiry (pp. 25-45). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
12. Ciarrochi, J., & Godsell, C. (2005). Mindfulness-based emotional intelligence: A theory and review of the literature. In R. Schulze, & R. D. Roberts (Es.), Emotional intelligence: An international handbook (pp. 69-90). Gottingen: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
13. Ciarrochi, J., Robb, H., & Godsell, C. (2005). Letting a little non-verbal air into the room: Insights from acceptance and commitment therapy Part I: Philosophical and theoretical underpinnings. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23, 79-106.
14. Evans, B. J., Coman, G. J., Stanley, R. O., & Burrows, G. D. (1993). Police officers' coping strategies: An Australian police survey. Stress Medicine, 9, 237-246.
15. Feldner, M. T., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., & Spira, A. P. (2003). Emotional avoidance: An experimental test of individual differences and response suppression using biological challenge. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 403-411.
16. Goldberg, D. P. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research.
17. Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281-291.
18. Hart, P. M., & Cotton, P. (2002). Conventional wisdom is often misleading: Police stress within an organisational health framework. In M. F. Dollard, A. H. Winefield, & H. R. Winefield (Eds.), Occupational stress in the service professions (pp. 103-139). London: Taylor and Francis.
19. Hayes, S. C. (2001). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 639-665.
20. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
21. Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M. A., et al. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. Psychological Record, 54, 553-578.
22. Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment.JournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,64,1152-1168.
23. He, N., Zhao, J., & Archbold, C. A. (2002). Gender and police stress: The convergent and divergent impact of work environment, work-family conflict, and stress coping mechanisms of female and male police officers. Policing, 25, 687-708.
24. John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72, 1301-1333.
25. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Delacorte.
26. Kerr, S., Johnson, V. K., Gans, S. E., & Krumrine, J. (2004). Predicting adjustment during the transition to college: Alex-ithymia, perceived stress and psychological symptoms. Journal of College Student Development, 45, 593-607.
27. Kohan, A., & Mazmanian, D. (2003). Police work, burnout, and pro-organizational behavior. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30, 559-583.
28. Lennings, C. J. (1997). Police and occupationally related violence: A review. Policing: International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 20, 555-566.
29. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Sydney: University of New South Wales.
30. Pennebaker, J. W. (1995). Emotion, disclosure and health: An overview. In J. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure and health (pp. 3-10). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
31. Richards, J., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Composure at any cost? The cognitive consequences of emotion suppression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1033-1044.
32. Robinson, H., Sigman, M., & Wilson, J. (1997). Duty-related stressors and PTSD symptoms in suburban police officers. Psychological Reports, 81, 835-845.
33. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
34. Salovey, P., Mayor, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (2002). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
35. Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., Williams, J. M. G., & Gemar, M. C. (2002). The Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy adherence scale: Inter-rater reliability, adherence to protocol and treatment distinctiveness. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9, 131-138.
36. Sifneos, P. E. (1973). The prevalence of "alexithymic" symptoms in psychosomatic patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 22,255-262.
37. Taylor, G. T. (2000). Recent developments in alexithymia theory and research Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 134-142.
38. Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., & Williams, J. M. G. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? Behavior Research Therapy, 33, 25-39.
39. Violanti, J. M. (1993). What does high stress policing teach recruits? An analysis of coping. Journal of Criminal Justice, 21, 411-417.
40. Violanti, J. M., Marshall, J. R., & Howe, B. H. (1985). Stress, coping and alcohol use: The police connection. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 13, 106-110.
41. Wainer, H. (1991). Adjusting for differential base rates: Lord's paradox again. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 147-151.
42. Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093-1104.
43. Wegner, D. M., & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615-640.