Preventing the sexual exploitation of minors in youth-serving organizations

Children and Youth Services Review

Volumn 34, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2442-2453

  Wurtele, Sandy K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

Child sexual exploitation; Institutional child sexual abuse; Professional boundaries; Staff sexual misconduct; Youth serving organizations

Indexed keywords

EID: 84868512853     PISSN: 01907409     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.09.009     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Abel G.G., Wiegel M., Jordan A., Harlow N., Hsu Y., Martinez M. Development and validation of classification models to identify hidden child molesters applying to child service organizations. Children and Youth Services Review 2012, 34:1378-1389.
2. Abner C.E., Browning J., Clark J. Preventing and responding to corrections-based sexual abuse: A guide for community corrections professionals Retrieved 6/27/2012 from the American Probation and Parole Association website:. http://www.appa-net.org/eweb/docs/APPA/pubs/PRCBSA.pdf.
3. Adelson E. Why sports and sex abuse too often mix Retrieved 1/22/2012 from:. http://www.thepostgame.com/features/201111/how-widespread-sex-abuse-spor ts.
4. Alabama Statutes Act No. 2010-497 Retrieved 7/9/2012 from:. http://arc-sos.state.al.us/PAC/SOSACPDF.001/A0007986.pdf.
5. Andrzejewski C.E., Davis H.A. Human contact in the classroom: Exploring how teachers talk about and negotiate touching students. Teaching and Teacher Education 2008, 24:779-794.
6. Ashby H.U., Hepokoski C. "Can we talk?": Boundary crossing and sexual misconduct in seminary teaching. Teaching Theology and Religion 2002, 5(2):80-89.
7. Associated Press (AP) Major youth groups make headway against sex abuse Retrieved 7/8/2012 from:. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/01/22/major-youth-groups-make-headway-aga inst-sex-abuse.
8. Barrett D.E., Casey J.E., Visser R.D., Headley K.N. How do teachers make judgments about ethical and unethical behaviors? Toward the development of a code of conduct for teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education 2012, 28:890-898.
9. Beck A.J., Harrison P.M., Guerino P. Sexual victimization in juvenile facilities reported by youth, 2008-09 (NCJ Report No. 228416) Retrieved 6/27/2012 from:. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/svjfry09.pdf.
10. Berry J. Lead us not into temptation: Catholic priests and the sexual abuse of children 1992, Doubleday, New York.
11. Boy Scouts of America (BSA) (n.d.). Youth protection. Retrieved from: http://www.scouting.org/Training/YouthProtection.aspx.
12. Bronfenbrenner U. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist 1977, 32:513-530.
13. Bryant J.K. School counselors and child abuse reporting: A national survey. Professional School Counseling 2009, 12(5):333-342.
14. Bryant J., Baldwin School counselors' perceptions of mandatory reporter training and mandatory reporting experiences. Child Abuse Review 2010, 19:172-186.
15. Cavanagh M., Read J., New B. Sexual abuse inquiry and response: A New Zealand training program. New Zealand Journal of Psychology 2004, 33(3):137-144.
16. Celenza A. Sexual boundary violations: Therapeutic, supervisory, and academic contexts 2007, Rowman & Littlefield Publishing, Lanham, MD.
17. Celenza A., Gabbard G.O. Analysts who commit sexual boundary violations: A lost cause?. FOCUS: The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry 2007, V(4):483-492.
18. Chen D.W., McGeehan P. Social media rules limit New York student-teacher contact Retrieved 8/18/2012 from:. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/nyregion/social-media-rules-for-nyc-sc hool-staff-limits-contact-with-students.html.
19. Child Protection in Sport Unit Standards for safeguarding and protecting children in sport 2003, Child Protection in Sport Unit, Leicester, UK, Retrieved 2/26/2012 from: http://www.therfl.co.uk/~therflc/clientdocs/CPSU%20STandards.pdf.
20. Chuchmach M., Patel A. ABC News investigation: USA Swimming coaches molested, secretly taped dozens of teen swimmers Retrieved 4/18/2010 from:. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/abc-news-investigation-usa-swimming-coache s-raped-molested/story?id=10322469#.UAf9.
21. Colton M., Roberts S., Vanstone M. Sexual abuse by men who work with children. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2010, 19:345-364.
22. Dale A. Reaching the Internet generation: How your school can text, Email, and Facebook safely. Webinar presented by PRAESIDIUM Inc 2012, September 5, www.PraesidiumInc.com.
23. Darkness to Light Stewards of children 2004, Author, Charleston, SC.
24. Deblinger E., Thakkar-Kolar R.R., Berry E.J., Schroeder C.M. Caregiver's efforts to educate their children about child sexual abuse. Child Maltreatment 2010, 15(1):91-100.
25. Denov M.S. The myth of innocence: Sexual scripts and the recognition of child sexual abuse by female perpetrators. Journal of Sex Research 2003, 40(3):303-314.
26. Diocese of Worcester Code of ministerial conduct Retrieved 2/26/2012 from:. http://www.worcesterdiocese.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=4e_cZD_7IbQ%3D &tabid=621.
27. Doyle T.P. Sexual abuse by Catholic clergy: The spiritual damage. Sexual abuse in the Catholic Church: A decade of crisis, 2002-2012 2011, 171-182. Praeger, Santa Barbara, CA. T.G. Plante, K.L. McChesney (Eds.).
28. English K., Heil P., Dumond R. Sexual assault in jail and juvenile facilities: Promising practices for prevention and response, final report (NIJ Document No. 236738). Retrieved from National Institute of Justice website:. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/236738.pdf.
29. Epstein R., Simon R. The exploitation index: An early warning indicator of boundary violations in psychotherapy. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 1990, 54:450-466.
30. Faulkner C., Regehr C. Sexual boundary violations committed by female forensic workers. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 2011, 39(2):154-163.
31. Fazel S., Sjostedt G., Grann M., Langstrom N. Sexual offending in women and psychiatric disorder: A national case-control study. Archives of Sexual Behavior 2010, 39:161-167. 10.1007/s10508-008-9375-4.
32. Fibkins W.L. Innocence denied: A guide to preventing sexual misconduct by teachers and coaches 2006, Rowman & Littlefield Education, Lanham, MD.
33. Finkelhor D. Child victimization: Violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of young people 2008, Oxford University Press, New York.
34. Freeh Report Retrieved 7/21/2012 from:. http://www.TheFreehReportonPSU.com.
35. Gallagher G. The extent and nature of known cases of institutional child sexual abuse. British Journal of Social Work 2000, 30:795-817.
36. Gula R.M. Just ministry: Professional ethics for pastoral ministers 2010, Paulist Press, Mahwah, NJ.
37. Gutheil T.G., Simon R.I. Non-sexual boundary crossings and boundary violations: The ethical dimension. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2002, 25:585-592.
38. Hendrie C. Sex with students: When employees cross the line. Education Week 1998, 18(14):1-5.
39. Hinkelman L., Bruno M. Identification and reporting of child sexual abuse: The role of elementary school professionals. The Elementary School Journal 2008, 108(5):376-391.
40. Irish Sports Council Code of ethics and good practice for children's sport Retrieved 2/27/2012 from:. http://www.irishsportscouncil.ie/Participation/Code_of_Ethics/Code_of_Et hics_Manual/Content_PDF_/.
41. Irvine M., Tanner R. AP: Sexual misconduct plagues US schools Retrieved 5/25/2012 from. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/21/AR200710 2100144.html.
42. Jackson H., Nuttall R.L. A relationship between childhood sexual abuse and professional sexual misconduct. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 2001, 32(2):200-204.
43. Jain S., Roberts L.W. Ethics in psychotherapy: A focus on professional boundaries and confidentiality practices. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2009, 32:299-314.
44. John Jay College of Criminal Justice The nature and scope of the problem of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests and deacons in the United States 2004, City University of New York, New York, Retrieved from www.usccb.org/nrb/johnjaystudy.
45. John Jay College of Criminal Justice The causes and context of the problem of sexual abuse of minors by Catholic priests and deacons in the United States 2011, City University of New York, New York, Retrieved from www.usccb.org/nrb/johnjaystudy.
46. Jones L., Bellis M.A., Wood S., Hughes K., McCoy E., Eckley L., et al. Prevalence and risk of violence against children with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Lancet July 12, 2012, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60692-8.
47. Kamil A. Prep-school predators Retrieved 8/9/2012 from:. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/10/magazine/the-horace-mann-schools-secre t-history-of-sexual-abuse.html?_r=2&smid=.
48. Keenan J.F. Notes on moral theology: Ethics and the crisis in the church. Theological Studies 2005, 66:117-136.
49. Kendrick A., Taylor J. Hidden on the ward: The abuse of children in hospitals. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2000, 31(3):565-573.
50. Kenny M.C. Web-based training in child maltreatment for future mandated reporters. Child Abuse & Neglect 2007, 31(6):671-678.
51. Kogan S.M. Disclosing unwanted sexual experiences: Results from a national sample of adolescent women. Child Abuse & Neglect 2004, 28:147-165.
52. Layton M.J., Diskin C. Sex abuse in schools: Prosecutors say manipulation often begins with a text or email Retrieved 3/8/2012 from:. http://www.northjersey.com/news/138307709_Sex_abuse_in_school__Rise_in_a rrests_is_a_troubling_trend.html.
53. Leclerc B., Proulx J., McKibben A. Modus operandi of sexual offenders working or doing voluntary work with children and adolescents. Journal of Sexual Aggression 2005, 11(2):187-195.
54. Lenhart A. Teens, smartphones & texting Retrieved 9/12/2012 from:. http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Teens-and-smartphones.aspx.
55. Martin J. How could it happen? An analysis of the Catholic sexual abuse scandal. Predatory priests, silenced victims: The sexual abuse crisis and the Catholic Church 2007, 139-146. The Analytic Press, Mahwah, NJ. M.G. Frawley-O'Dea, V. Goldner (Eds.).
56. Martinez M., Brunell N., Hurtado J. Mothers in Los Angeles school child sex abuse case sue district Retrieved 7/13/2012 from:. http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/10/justice/california-school-case/index.html.
57. McDonald S., Ahern K. The professional consequences of whistleblowing by nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing 2000, 16:313-321.
58. McEachern A.G. Sexual abuse of individuals with disabilities: Prevention strategies for clinical practice. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2012, 21(4):386-398. 10.1080/10538712.2012.675425.
59. McKee B.E., Dillenburger K. Child abuse and neglect: Training needs of student teachers. International Journal of Educational Research 2009, 48(5):320-330.
60. Meek K.R., McMinn M.R., Burnett T., Mazzarella C., Voytenko V. Sexual ethics training in seminary: Preparing students to manage feelings of sexual attraction. Pastoral Psychology 2004, 53(1):63-79.
61. Michael M. Police say assistant principal sent nude pics to teen Retrieved 7/19/2012 from:. http://www.wtsp.com/news/local/story.aspx:storyid=132470#.
62. Most D. No more pencils, no more books, no more teachers' dirty looks Retrieved 8/17/2012 from:. http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/2006/05/no-more-pencils-no-more-b ooks-no-more-teachers-dirty-looks/.
63. Moulden H.M., Firestone P., Kingston D.A., Wexler A.F. A description of sexual offending committed by Canadian teachers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2010, 19:403-418. 10.1080/10538712.2010.495046.
64. Nack W., Yaeger D. Every parent's nightmare Retrieved 10/21/2011 from:. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1127274/index .htm.
65. Newman C. Boundary issues in the professional/client relationship. Journal of Community Corrections 2007, Fall, 9-10:27.
66. Oglesby C. Cells, texting give predators secret path to kids Retrieved 9/12/2012 from:. http://articles.cnn.com/2008-01-11/justice/teachers.charged_1_cell-phone s-texting-counts-of-sexual-abuse?_s=PM:CRIME.
67. O'Hagan, M., Willmsen C. Coaches who prey: The abuse of girls and the system that allows it Retrieved 12/15/2007 from:. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/local/coaches/news/dayfour.html.
68. O'Keeffe M. With sexual predators prowling the sidelines, parents can't trust anyone Retrieved 2/1/2012 from:. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-04-09/sports/29420317_1_sexual-abus e-jimmy-carlino-abuse-charges.
69. Parent S., Demers G. Sexual abuse in sport: A model to prevent and protect athletes. Child Abuse Review 2011, 20:120-133.
70. Peternelj-Taylor C. Whistleblowing and boundary violations: Exposing a colleague in the forensic milieu. Nursing Ethics 2003, 10(5):526-537.
71. Peterson M.R. At personal risk: Boundary violations in professional-client relationships 1992, Norton, New York.
72. Plante T.G. Keeping kids safe from institutional child sexual abuse Retrieved 6/29/2012 from. http://www.psychologytoday.com/node/97726.
73. Plaut S.M. Sexual and nonsexual boundaries in professional relationships: Principles and teaching guidelines. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2008, 23(1):85-94.
74. Play By The Rules Maintaining appropriate boundaries Retrieved 2/26/2012 from:. http://www.playbytherules.net.au.
75. Powell K. How does the teenage brain work?. Nature 2006, August 24, 442:865-867.
76. Preston J. Rules to stop pupil and teacher from getting too social online Retrieved 8/22/2012 from:. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/18/business/media/rules-to-limit-how-teac hers-and-students-interact-online.html.
77. Rheingold A.A., Zajac K., Patton M. Feasibility and acceptability of a child sexual abuse prevention program for childcare professionals: Comparison of a Web-based and in-person training. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2012, 21(4):422-436. 10.1080/10538712.2012.675422.
78. Robinson G.J. Changing the culture. Sexual abuse in the Catholic Church: A decade of crisis, 2002-2012 2011, 91-102. Praeger, Santa Barbara, CA. T.G. Plante, K.L. McChesney (Eds.).
79. Roush D. Staff sexual misconduct in juvenile justice facilities: Implications for work force training. Corrections Today 2008, 70(1):32-34. (52).
80. Saul J., Audage N. Preventing child sexual abuse within youth-serving organizations: Getting started on policies and procedures 2007, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, Retrieved 8/20/2009 from: www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/PreventingChildSexualAbuse.pdf.
81. Saul J., Patterson J., Audage N. Preventing sexual maltreatment in youth-serving community organizations. The prevention of sexual violence: A practitioner's sourcebook 2010, 449-463. NEARI Press, Holyoke, MA. K.L. Kaufman (Ed.).
82. Schemo D.J. Silently shifting teachers in sex abuse cases Retrieved 7/17/2012 from:. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/us/silently-shifting-teachers-in-sex-a buse-cases.html?ref=dianajeanschemo.
83. Seto M.C., Lalumiére M.L. A brief screening scale to identify pedophilic interests among child molesters. Sexual Abuse 2001, 13:15-25.
84. Seto M.C., Murphy W.D., Page J., Ennis L. Detecting anomalous sexual interests in juvenile sex offenders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003, 989:118-130.
85. Shakeshaft C. Educator sexual misconduct: A synthesis of existing literature 2004, U. S. Department of Education, Washington, DC.
86. Simon R.I. The natural history of therapist sexual misconduct: Identification and prevention. Psychiatric Annals 1995, 25:90-94.
87. Smallbone S., Marshall W.L., Wortley R. Preventing child sexual abuse: Evidence, policy and practice 2008, Willan Publishing, Portland, OR.
88. Smith M.C. Early childhood educators: Perspectives on maltreatment and mandated reporting. Children and Youth Services Review 2010, 32(1):20-27.
89. Smith B.V., Yarussi J.M. Addressing sexual violence against youth in custody: Youth workers' handbook on identifying and addressing sexual violence in juvenile justice settings Retrieved 7/7/2012 from:. http://www.wcl.american.edu/endsilence/documents/JuvenileHandbook-WHITEP APER.pdf.
90. Steinberg L. Adolescence 2011, McGraw Hill, New York. 9th ed.
91. Stinson J.D., Sales B.D., Becker J.V. Sex offending: Causal theories to inform research, prevention, and treatment 2008, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.
92. Stirling A.E., Kerr G.A. Abused athletes' perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship. Sport in Society 2009, 12(2):227-239.
93. Sullivan J., Beech A. Professional perpetrators: Sex offenders who use their employment to target and sexually abuse the children with whom they work. Child Abuse Review 2002, 11:153-167.
94. Sullivan J., Beech A. A comparative study of demographic data relating to intra- and extra-familial child sexual abusers and professional perpetrators. Journal of Sexual Aggression 2004, 10(1):39-50.
95. Sullivan P.M., Knutson J.F. Maltreatment and disabilities: A population-based epidemiological study. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000, 24(10):1257-1274.
96. Swiggart W., Feurer I.D., Samenow C., Delmonico D.L., Spickard W.A. Sexual boundary violation index: A validation study. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 2008, 15:176-190.
97. Terry K.J., Ackerman A. Child sexual abuse in the Catholic Church: How situational crime prevention strategies can help create safe environments. Criminal Justice & Behavior 2008, 35(5):643-657. 10.1177/0093854808314469.
98. Terry K.J., Freilich J.D. Understanding child sexual abuse by Catholic priests from a situational perspective. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2012, 21:437-455. 10.1080/10538712.2012.693579.
99. Texas Youth Commission Staff Development Curriculum: PREA & Preventing Sexual Misconduct Retrieved 7/5/2012 from:. http://www.prearesourcecenter.org/sites/default/files/library/staffdevel opmentcurriculum2.pdf.
100. Trocmé N., Schumaker K. Reported child sexual abuse in Canadian schools and recreational facilities: Implications for developing effective prevention strategies. Children and Youth Services Review 1999, 21(8):621-642.
101. U.S.Conference of Catholic Bishops Charter for the protection of children and young people 2002, Author, Washington, D. C.
102. USA Gymnastics Participant welfare policy Retrieved 1/22/2012 from:. http://www.californiatnt.com/USA%20Welfare.pdf.
103. Vamos M. The concept of appropriate professional boundaries in psychiatric practice: A pilot training course. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 35:613-618.
104. Vandiver D.M., Kercher G. Offender and victim characteristics of registered sex offenders in Texas: A proposed typology of female sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 2004, 16:121-137.
105. Walsh K., Brandon L., Chirio L. Mother-child communication about sexual abuse prevention. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2012, 21(4):399-421. 10.1080/10538712.2012.675424.
106. Walsh K.M., Bridgstock R.S., Farrell A.M., Rassafiani M., Schweitzer R. Case, teacher and school characteristics influencing teachers' detection and reporting of child physical abuse and neglect: Results from an Australian survey. Child Abuse & Neglect 2008, 32(10):983-993.
107. Wandersman A., Florin P. Community interventions and effective prevention. American Psychologist 2003, 58:441-448.
108. Webster M.W., Whitman J. Who's lending a hand? A national survey of nonprofit volunteer screening practices 2008, The National Center for Victims of Crime, Washington, DC.
109. Weiss K. Authority as coercion: When authority figures abuse their positions to perpetrate child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2002, 11(1):27-51.
110. Wiersma L.D., Sherman C.P. Volunteer youth sport coaches' perspectives of coaching education/certification and parental codes of conduct. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 2005, 76(3):324-338.
111. Wurtele S.K. Behavioral approaches to educating young children and their parents about child sexual abuse prevention. The Journal of Behavior Analysis of Offender and Victim Treatment and Prevention 2008, 1(1):52-64.
112. Wurtele S.K. Preventing sexual abuse of children in the 21st century: Preparing for challenges and opportunities. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 2009, 18:1-18.
113. Wurtele S.K. Keeping children safe from sexual exploitation in youth-serving organizations. Workshop presented for the International School of Curacao, Willemsted, Curacao 2010, August.
114. Wurtele S.K. Safe connections: A parent's guide to protecting young teens from sexual exploitation 2012, Parenting Press, Seattle, WA.
115. Wurtele S.K., Berkower F. Off limits: A parent's guide to keeping kids safe from sexual abuse 2010, The Safer Society Press, Brandon, VT.
116. Wurtele S.K., Kenny M.C. Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review 2010, 19:130-152.
117. Wurtele S.K., Kenny M.C. Primary prevention of child sexual abuse: Child- and parent-focused approaches. The prevention of sexual violence: A practitioner's sourcebook 2010, 107-119. NEARI Press, Holyoke, MA. K.L. Kaufman (Ed.).
118. Wurtele S.K., Kenny M.C. Normative sexuality development in childhood: Implications for developmental guidance and prevention of childhood sexual abuse. Counseling and Human Development 2011, 43(9):1-24.
119. Wurtele S.K., Kenny M.C. Preventing child sexual abuse: An ecological approach. Handbook of child sexual abuse: Identification, assessment, and treatment 2012, 531-565. Wiley Press, Hoboken, NJ. P. Goodyear-Brown (Ed.).
120. Yardley W. $18.5 million in liability for Scouts in abuse case Retrieved 7/25/2010 from:. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/us/24scouts.html?_r=1.
121. Zielinski D., Bradshaw C. Ecological influences on the sequelae of child maltreatment: A review of the literature. Child Maltreatment 2006, 11:49-62.
122. Zinser L. Coaching gives abusers opportunity and trust Retrieved 12/16/2011 from:. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/sports/culture-of-sports-works-against -children-especially-boys-reporting-abuse.