Sisterly bonds African American sororities rising to overcome obstacles

African American Fraternities and Sororities: The Legacy and the Vision

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 341-359

  Phillips, Clarenda M ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84868463465     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (34)

1. Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990), 146.
2. Joe R. Feagin and Clairece B. Feagin, Racial and Ethnic Relations, 6th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1999
3. Sarah Susannah Willie, Acting Black: College, Identity and the Performance of Race (New York: Routledge, 2003
4. Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
5. Although E. Franklin Frazier ignored and rejected the importance of Africa in the formation of African American families, W. E. B. DuBois believed that Africa, as well as the legacy of slavery, was important in the creation of African American social institutions. W. E. B. Dubois, The Negro American Family (New York: New American Library, 1969
6. E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro Family in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966
7. Niara Sudarkasa, "Interpreting the African Heritage in Afro-American Family Organization," in Black Families, 2d ed., ed. Harriette Pipes McAdoo (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1988), 27-43.
8. D. Shimkin and V. Uchendu, "Persistence, Borrowing, and Adaptive Changes in Black Kinship Systems: Some Issues and Their Significance," in The Extended Family in Black Societies, ed. D. Shimkin, E. Shimkin, and D. Frate (Chicago: Aldine, 1978), 391-406.
9. J. Dodson, "Conceptualizations of Black Families," in Black Families, ed. Harriette Pipes McAdoo, 77-90.
10. Andrew Billingsley, Climbing Jacob' Ladder (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992
11. Shimkin, Shimkin, and Frate, The Extended Family in Black Societies; McAdoo, Black Families.
12. Signithia Fordham, "Racelessness as a Factor in Black Students' School Success: Pragmatic Strategy or Pyrrhic Victory?" Harvard Educational Review 58, no. 1 (1988): 54-84.
13. Alexandra Berkowitz and Irene Padavic, "Getting a Man or Getting Ahead: A Comparison of White and Black Sororities," Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 27, no. 4 (1999): 548.
14. Billingsley, Climbing Jacob' Ladder.
15. Deborah Gray White, Ar'n't I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South (New York: Schenkman Publishing, 1985
16. Leith Mullings, On Our Own Terms: Race, Class, and Gender in the Lives of African American Women (New York: Routledge, 1997), 82.
17. Paula Giddings, When and Where I Enter: The Impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America (Toronto: Bantam Books, 1984
18. Cash, African American Women and Social Action.
19. Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
20. Mullings, On Our Own Terms, 121.
21. Billingsley, Climbing Jacob' Ladder.
22. Collins, Black Feminist Thought, 105.
23. Harold Neighbors, James Jackson, Phillip Bowman, and Gerald Gurin, "Stress, Coping, and Black Mental Health: Preliminary Findings from a National Study," Prevention in Human Services 2, no. 3 (1983): 5-29.
24. Cleopatra Howard Caldwell, "Social Networks: Community-Based Institutional Supports," in African American Women: An Ecological Perspective, ed. Norma J. Burgess and Eurnestine Brown (New York: Falmer Press, 2000
25. K. Sue Jewell, From Mammy to Miss America and Beyond: Cultural Images and the Shaping of U.S. Social Policy (London: Routledge, 1993
26. Mullings, On Our Own Terms, 109.
27. Collins, Black Feminist Thought.
28. Cheryl S. Al-Mateen, Carmen T. Webb, Frances M. Christian, and Lucia S. Donatelli, "Identity Issues," in African American Women: An Ecological Perspective, ed. Norma J. Burgess and Eurnestine Brown.
29. Jacqueline Fleming, "Black Women in Black and White College Environments: The Making of a Matriarch," Journal of Social Issues 39, no. 3 (1983): 41-54.
30. Berkowitz and Padavic, "Getting a Man or Getting Ahead," 530-57.
31. E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro in the United States, rev. ed. (Toronto: Macmillan, 1957), 94.
32. Lawrence Otis Graham, Our Kind of People: Inside America's Black Upper Class (New York: HarperCollins Books, 2000), 95.
33. Kathy Russell, Midge Wilson, and Ronald Hall, The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color among African Americans (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992
34. Becky Thompson, "A Way Out of No Way: Eating Problems among African American, Latina, and White Women," Gender and Society 6 (1992): 546-61.