메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 3595-3604

Male Contest Competition And The Coevolution Of Weaponry And Testes In Pinnipeds

Author keywords

Contest competition; Ejaculate allocation; Genital evolution; Sexual selection

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ALLOMETRY; COEVOLUTION; COPULATION; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; PINNIPED; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SEXUAL DIMORPHISM; SEXUAL SELECTION; SPERM COMPETITION; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 84868156986     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: 15585646     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01713.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (101)

References (97)
  • 2
    • 33846260527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs of bearing a sexually selected ornamental weapon in a fiddler crab
    • Allen, B. J., and J. S. Levinton. 2007. Costs of bearing a sexually selected ornamental weapon in a fiddler crab. Funct. Ecol. 21:154-161.
    • (2007) Funct. Ecol. , vol.21 , pp. 154-161
    • Allen, B.J.1    Levinton, J.S.2
  • 3
    • 0027295434 scopus 로고
    • Male mating success and paternity in the gray seal, Halichoerus-grypus- a study using DNA-fingerprinting
    • Amos, W., S. Twiss, P. P. Pomeroy, and S. S. Anderson. 1993. Male mating success and paternity in the gray seal, Halichoerus-grypus- a study using DNA-fingerprinting. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 252:199-207.
    • (1993) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.252 , pp. 199-207
    • Amos, W.1    Twiss, S.2    Pomeroy, P.P.3    Anderson, S.S.4
  • 4
    • 0004134698 scopus 로고
    • Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Andersson, M. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1994) Sexual selection
    • Andersson, M.1
  • 5
    • 0030620897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost and benefits of territorial tenure, and factors affecting mating success in male Antarctic fur seals
    • Arnould, J. P. Y., and C. D. Duck. 1997. The cost and benefits of territorial tenure, and factors affecting mating success in male Antarctic fur seals. J. Zool. 241:649-664.
    • (1997) J. Zool. , vol.241 , pp. 649-664
    • Arnould, J.P.Y.1    Duck, C.D.2
  • 6
    • 0032565885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection
    • Arnqvist, G. 1998. Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection. Nature 393:784-786.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 784-786
    • Arnqvist, G.1
  • 7
    • 0035987397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated evolution of male and female morphologies in water striders
    • Arnqvist, G., and L. Rowe. 2002. Correlated evolution of male and female morphologies in water striders. Evolution 56:936-947.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 936-947
    • Arnqvist, G.1    Rowe, L.2
  • 8
    • 0000239983 scopus 로고
    • A model for the evolution of pinniped polygyny
    • Bartholomew, G. A. 1970. A model for the evolution of pinniped polygyny. Evolution 24:546-559.
    • (1970) Evolution , vol.24 , pp. 546-559
    • Bartholomew, G.A.1
  • 9
    • 0033533399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm mobility determines the outcome of sperm competition in the domestic fowl
    • Birkhead, T. R., J. G. Martínez, T. Burke, and D. P. Froman. 1999. Sperm mobility determines the outcome of sperm competition in the domestic fowl. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 266:1759-1764.
    • (1999) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.266 , pp. 1759-1764
    • Birkhead, T.R.1    Martínez, J.G.2    Burke, T.3    Froman, D.P.4
  • 11
    • 0002962202 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of mating systems in Otariidae (Pinnipedia)
    • D. Renouf, ed. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K
    • Boness, D. J. 1991. Determinants of mating systems in Otariidae (Pinnipedia). Pp. 1-44 in D. Renouf, ed. The behaviour of pinnipeds. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K.
    • (1991) The behaviour of pinnipeds , pp. 1-44
    • Boness, D.J.1
  • 12
    • 38849127917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coevolution of male and female genital morphology in waterfowl
    • doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000418 [Epub ahead of print]
    • Brennan, P. L., R. O. Prum, K. G. McCracken, M. D. Sorenson, R. E. Wilson, and T. Birkhead. 2007. Coevolution of male and female genital morphology in waterfowl. PLoS One, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000418 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2007) PLoS One
    • Brennan, P.L.1    Prum, R.O.2    McCracken, K.G.3    Sorenson, M.D.4    Wilson, R.E.5    Birkhead, T.6
  • 14
    • 4344672081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrasexual selection and group spawning in quacking frogs (Crinia georgiana)
    • Byrne, P. G., and J. D. Roberts. 2004. Intrasexual selection and group spawning in quacking frogs (Crinia georgiana). Behav. Ecol. 15:872-882.
    • (2004) Behav. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 872-882
    • Byrne, P.G.1    Roberts, J.D.2
  • 15
    • 0017707782 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism, socionomic sex ratio and body weight in primates
    • Clutton-Brock, T. H., P. H. Harvey, and B. Rudder. 1977. Sexual dimorphism, socionomic sex ratio and body weight in primates. Nature 269:797-800.
    • (1977) Nature , vol.269 , pp. 797-800
    • Clutton-Brock, T.H.1    Harvey, P.H.2    Rudder, B.3
  • 16
    • 0032907694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multivariate analysis of phenotype and paternity in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, at Sable Island, Nova Scotia
    • Coltman, D. W., W. D. Bowen, and J. M. Wright. 1999. A multivariate analysis of phenotype and paternity in male harbour seals, Phoca vitulina, at Sable Island, Nova Scotia. Behav. Ecol. 10:169-177.
    • (1999) Behav. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 169-177
    • Coltman, D.W.1    Bowen, W.D.2    Wright, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 23944472430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternity in mallards: effects of sperm quality and female sperm selection for inbreeding avoidance
    • Denk, A. G., A. Holzmann, A. Peters, E. L. M. Vermeirssen, and B. Kempenaers. 2005. Paternity in mallards: effects of sperm quality and female sperm selection for inbreeding avoidance. Behav. Ecol. 16:825-833.
    • (2005) Behav. Ecol. , vol.16 , pp. 825-833
    • Denk, A.G.1    Holzmann, A.2    Peters, A.3    Vermeirssen, E.L.M.4    Kempenaers, B.5
  • 19
    • 0025594730 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive effort of male northern elephant seals: estimates from mass loss
    • Deutsch, C. J., M. P. Haley, and B. J. Le Boeuf. 1990. Reproductive effort of male northern elephant seals: estimates from mass loss. Can. J. Zool. 68:2580-2593.
    • (1990) Can. J. Zool. , vol.68 , pp. 2580-2593
    • Deutsch, C.J.1    Haley, M.P.2    Le Boeuf, B.J.3
  • 20
    • 0020402389 scopus 로고
    • Ejaculate cost and male choice
    • Dewsbury, D. A. 1982. Ejaculate cost and male choice. Am. Nat. 119:601-610.
    • (1982) Am. Nat. , vol.119 , pp. 601-610
    • Dewsbury, D.A.1
  • 21
    • 84986761474 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the evolution of the genitalia and copulatory behaviour in male primates
    • Dixson, A. F. 1987. Observations on the evolution of the genitalia and copulatory behaviour in male primates. J. Zool. 213:423-443.
    • (1987) J. Zool. , vol.213 , pp. 423-443
    • Dixson, A.F.1
  • 22
    • 0029167021 scopus 로고
    • Baculum length and copulatory-behavior in carnivores and pinnipeds (Grand Order Ferae)
    • Dixson, A. F. 1995. Baculum length and copulatory-behavior in carnivores and pinnipeds (Grand Order Ferae). J. Zool. 235:67-76.
    • (1995) J. Zool. , vol.235 , pp. 67-76
    • Dixson, A.F.1
  • 24
    • 0035118198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mating systems, sperm competition and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in birds
    • Dunn, P. O., L. A. Whittingham, and T. E. Pitcher. 2001. Mating systems, sperm competition and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in birds. Evolution 55:161-175.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 161-175
    • Dunn, P.O.1    Whittingham, L.A.2    Pitcher, T.E.3
  • 26
    • 58249105858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static allometry and animal genitalia
    • Eberhard, W. G. 2009. Static allometry and animal genitalia. Evolution 63:48-66.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 48-66
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 27
    • 0035936897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costs and the diversification of exaggerated animal structures
    • Emlen, D. J. 2001. Costs and the diversification of exaggerated animal structures. Science 291:1534-1536.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , pp. 1534-1536
    • Emlen, D.J.1
  • 28
    • 79960688305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific evidence from guppies for correlated patterns of male and female genital trait diversification
    • Evans, J. P., C. Gasparini, G. I. Holwell, I. W. Ramnarine, T. E. Pitcher, and A. Pilastro. 2011. Intraspecific evidence from guppies for correlated patterns of male and female genital trait diversification. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 278:2611-2620.
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.278 , pp. 2611-2620
    • Evans, J.P.1    Gasparini, C.2    Holwell, G.I.3    Ramnarine, I.W.4    Pitcher, T.E.5    Pilastro, A.6
  • 29
    • 8144230735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme polygyny among southern elephant seals on Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands
    • Fabiani, A., F. Galimberti, S. Sanvito, and A. R. Hoelzel. 2004. Extreme polygyny among southern elephant seals on Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands. Behav. Ecol. 15:961-969.
    • (2004) Behav. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 961-969
    • Fabiani, A.1    Galimberti, F.2    Sanvito, S.3    Hoelzel, A.R.4
  • 30
    • 38849141724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enigma of sexual size dimorphism
    • D. J. Fairbairn, W. U. Blanckenhorn, and T. Székely, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K
    • Fairbairn, D. J. 2007. The enigma of sexual size dimorphism. in D. J. Fairbairn, W. U. Blanckenhorn, and T. Székely, eds. Sex, size, and gender roles: evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • (2007) Sex, size, and gender roles: evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism
    • Fairbairn, D.J.1
  • 31
    • 1942489248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are long penis bones an adaptation to high latitude snowy environments?
    • Ferguson, S. H., and S. Larivière. 2004. Are long penis bones an adaptation to high latitude snowy environments? Oikos 105:255-267.
    • (2004) Oikos , vol.105 , pp. 255-267
    • Ferguson, S.H.1    Larivière, S.2
  • 33
    • 0036105246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals vs. multiple regression
    • Freckleton, R. P. 2002. On the misuse of residuals in ecology: regression of residuals vs. multiple regression. J. Anim. Ecol. 71:542-545.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.71 , pp. 542-545
    • Freckleton, R.P.1
  • 34
    • 0036920097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: a test and review of evidence
    • Freckleton, R. P., P. H. Harvey, and M. Pagel. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative data: a test and review of evidence. Am. Nat. 160:712-726.
    • (2002) Am. Nat. , vol.160 , pp. 712-726
    • Freckleton, R.P.1    Harvey, P.H.2    Pagel, M.3
  • 35
    • 0037460862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative testis size and sperm morphometry across mammals: no evidence for an association between sperm competition and sperm length
    • Gage, M. J. G., and R. P. Freckleton. 2003. Relative testis size and sperm morphometry across mammals: no evidence for an association between sperm competition and sperm length. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:625-632.
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.270 , pp. 625-632
    • Gage, M.J.G.1    Freckleton, R.P.2
  • 36
    • 0346335805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spermatozoal traits and sperm competition in Atlantic salmon: relative velocity is the primary determinant of fertilization success
    • Gage, M. J. G., C. P. Macfarlane, S. Yeates, R. G. Ward, J. B. Searle, and G. A. Parker. 2004. Spermatozoal traits and sperm competition in Atlantic salmon: relative velocity is the primary determinant of fertilization success. Curr. Biol. 14:44-47.
    • (2004) Curr. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 44-47
    • Gage, M.J.G.1    Macfarlane, C.P.2    Yeates, S.3    Ward, R.G.4    Searle, J.B.5    Parker, G.A.6
  • 37
    • 0034923269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the misuse of residuals in ecology: testing regression residuals vs. the analysis of covariance
    • García-Berthou, E. 2001. On the misuse of residuals in ecology: testing regression residuals vs. the analysis of covariance. J. Anim. Ecol. 70:708-711.
    • (2001) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.70 , pp. 708-711
    • García-Berthou, E.1
  • 38
    • 44649111810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative nature of fertilization success: implications for the study of post-copulatory sexual selection
    • García-González, F. 2008. The relative nature of fertilization success: implications for the study of post-copulatory sexual selection. BMC Evol. Biol. 8:140.
    • (2008) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 140
    • García-González, F.1
  • 39
    • 77957912445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm swimming velocity predicts competitive fertilization success in the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri
    • Gasparini, C., L. W. Simmons, M. Beveridge, and J. P. Evans. 2010. Sperm swimming velocity predicts competitive fertilization success in the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. PLoS One 5:e12146.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Gasparini, C.1    Simmons, L.W.2    Beveridge, M.3    Evans, J.P.4
  • 40
    • 0035079670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low reproductive success in territorial male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) suggests the existence of alternative mating strategies
    • Gemmell, N. J., T. M. Burg, I. L. Boyd, and W. Amos. 2001. Low reproductive success in territorial male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) suggests the existence of alternative mating strategies. Mol. Ecol. 10:451-460.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 451-460
    • Gemmell, N.J.1    Burg, T.M.2    Boyd, I.L.3    Amos, W.4
  • 41
    • 80053960584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of phenotypic evolution of ecological characters and sexual traits during the Tanganyikan cichlid adaptive radiation
    • Gonzalez-Voyer, A., and N. Kolm. 2011. Rates of phenotypic evolution of ecological characters and sexual traits during the Tanganyikan cichlid adaptive radiation. J. Evol. Biol. 24:2378-2388.
    • (2011) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 2378-2388
    • Gonzalez-Voyer, A.1    Kolm, N.2
  • 42
    • 47749133060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection governs parental care patterns in cichlid fish
    • Gonzalez-Voyer, A., J. L. Fitzpatrick, and N. Kolm. 2008. Sexual selection governs parental care patterns in cichlid fish. Evolution 62:2015-2026.
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 2015-2026
    • Gonzalez-Voyer, A.1    Fitzpatrick, J.L.2    Kolm, N.3
  • 43
    • 38649115646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset
    • Higdon, J. W., O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, R. M. D. Beck, and S. H. Ferguson. 2007. Phylogeny and divergence of the pinnipeds (Carnivora: Mammalia) assessed using a multigene dataset. BMC Evol. Biol. 7:216.
    • (2007) BMC Evol. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 216
    • Higdon, J.W.1    Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P.2    Beck, R.M.D.3    Ferguson, S.H.4
  • 45
    • 1642529002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and genital evolution
    • Hosken, D. J., and P. Stockley. 2004. Sexual selection and genital evolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19:87-93.
    • (2004) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.19 , pp. 87-93
    • Hosken, D.J.1    Stockley, P.2
  • 47
    • 0001123249 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of mating strategies in bullfrogs, Rana catesbiana
    • Howard, R. D. 1978. The evolution of mating strategies in bullfrogs, Rana catesbiana. Evolution 32:850-871.
    • (1978) Evolution , vol.32 , pp. 850-871
    • Howard, R.D.1
  • 48
    • 41749089117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do mating strategies determine genital allometry in African mole rats (Bathyergidae)
    • Kinahan, A. A., N. C. Bennett, L. E. Belton, and P. W. Bateman. 2008. Do mating strategies determine genital allometry in African mole rats (Bathyergidae). J. Zool. 274:312-317.
    • (2008) J. Zool. , vol.274 , pp. 312-317
    • Kinahan, A.A.1    Bennett, N.C.2    Belton, L.E.3    Bateman, P.W.4
  • 49
    • 38849168242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of territorial polygyny and alternative mating strategies in northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus
    • Kiyota, M., S. J. Insley, and S. L. Lance. 2008. Effectiveness of territorial polygyny and alternative mating strategies in northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 62:739-746.
    • (2008) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.62 , pp. 739-746
    • Kiyota, M.1    Insley, S.J.2    Lance, S.L.3
  • 50
    • 77957029347 scopus 로고
    • Harp and hooded seals-a case study in the determinants of mating systems in pinnipeds
    • A. S. Blix, L. Walløe, and Ø. Ultang, eds. Elsevier, New York
    • Kovacs, K. M. 1995. Harp and hooded seals-a case study in the determinants of mating systems in pinnipeds. Pp. 329-335 in A. S. Blix, L. Walløe, and Ø. Ultang, eds. Whales, seals, fish and man. Elsevier, New York.
    • (1995) Whales, seals, fish and man , pp. 329-335
    • Kovacs, K.M.1
  • 51
    • 0036922549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the evolution of the mammalian baculum: vaginal friction, prolonged intromission or induced ovulation?
    • Larivière, S., and S. H. Ferguson. 2002. On the evolution of the mammalian baculum: vaginal friction, prolonged intromission or induced ovulation? Mammal Rev. 32:283-294.
    • (2002) Mammal Rev. , vol.32 , pp. 283-294
    • Larivière, S.1    Ferguson, S.H.2
  • 52
    • 77957218373 scopus 로고
    • Male-male competition and reproductive success in elephant seals
    • Le Boeuf, B. J. 1974. Male-male competition and reproductive success in elephant seals. Am. Zool. 14:163-176.
    • (1974) Am. Zool. , vol.14 , pp. 163-176
    • Le Boeuf, B.J.1
  • 53
    • 0003060013 scopus 로고
    • Pinniped mating systems on land, ice and in the water: emphasis on the Phocidae
    • D. Renouf, ed. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K
    • Le Boeuf, B. J. 1991. Pinniped mating systems on land, ice and in the water: emphasis on the Phocidae. Pp. 45-65 in D. Renouf, ed. The behaviour of pinnipeds. Chapman and Hall, London, U.K.
    • (1991) The behaviour of pinnipeds , pp. 45-65
    • Le Boeuf, B.J.1
  • 55
    • 7044241331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rate of fertilization in male mating tactics of the polygynous grey seal
    • Lidgard, D. C., D. J. Boness, W. D. Bowen, J. I. McMillan, and R. C. Fleischer. 2004. The rate of fertilization in male mating tactics of the polygynous grey seal. Mol. Ecol. 13:3543-3548.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 3543-3548
    • Lidgard, D.C.1    Boness, D.J.2    Bowen, W.D.3    McMillan, J.I.4    Fleischer, R.C.5
  • 56
    • 0036705616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism
    • Lindenfors, P., B. S. Tullberg, and M. Biuw. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of sexual selection and sexual size dimorphism. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 52:188-193.
    • (2002) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.52 , pp. 188-193
    • Lindenfors, P.1    Tullberg, B.S.2    Biuw, M.3
  • 57
    • 84876732513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.75. Available via
    • Maddison, W. P., and D. R. Maddison. 2011. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.75. Available via http://mesquiteproject.org.
    • (2011)
    • Maddison, W.P.1    Maddison, D.R.2
  • 58
    • 0016218969 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ratios and numbers of spermatozoa mixed from two males on proportions of offspring
    • Martin, P. A., R. J. Reimers, J. R. Lodge, and P. J. Dziuk. 1974. The effect of ratios and numbers of spermatozoa mixed from two males on proportions of offspring. J. Reprod. Fert. 39:251-258.
    • (1974) J. Reprod. Fert. , vol.39 , pp. 251-258
    • Martin, P.A.1    Reimers, R.J.2    Lodge, J.R.3    Dziuk, P.J.4
  • 59
    • 84985323021 scopus 로고
    • Aggression and sexual activity of male Southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina
    • McCann, T. S. 1981. Aggression and sexual activity of male Southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina. J. Zool. 195:295-310.
    • (1981) J. Zool. , vol.195 , pp. 295-310
    • McCann, T.S.1
  • 60
    • 84857800375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baculum
    • W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, and J. G. M. Thewissen, eds. 2nd ed. Elsevier, Burlington, MA
    • Miller, E. H. 2008. Baculum. Pp. 68-71 in W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, and J. G. M. Thewissen, eds. Encyclopedia of marine mammals. 2nd ed. Elsevier, Burlington, MA.
    • (2008) Encyclopedia of marine mammals , pp. 68-71
    • Miller, E.H.1
  • 61
    • 0034958478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's all relative: allometry and variation in the baculum (os penis) of the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Carnivora: Phocidae)
    • Miller, E. H., and L. E. Burton. 2001. It's all relative: allometry and variation in the baculum (os penis) of the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Carnivora: Phocidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 72:345-355.
    • (2001) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 345-355
    • Miller, E.H.1    Burton, L.E.2
  • 62
    • 0001306226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baculum and testicle growth, allometry, and variation in the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus)
    • Miller, E. H., A. R. J. Stewart, and G. B. Stenson. 1998. Baculum and testicle growth, allometry, and variation in the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus). J. Mammal. 79:502-513.
    • (1998) J. Mammal. , vol.79 , pp. 502-513
    • Miller, E.H.1    Stewart, A.R.J.2    Stenson, G.B.3
  • 63
    • 0033306485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baculum and testes of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata): growth and size-scaling and their relationships to sexual selection
    • Miller, E. H., I. L. Jones, and G. B. Stenson. 1999. Baculum and testes of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata): growth and size-scaling and their relationships to sexual selection. Can. J. Zool. 77:470-479.
    • (1999) Can. J. Zool. , vol.77 , pp. 470-479
    • Miller, E.H.1    Jones, I.L.2    Stenson, G.B.3
  • 64
    • 0034502738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baculum size, growth and allometry in the largest extant otariid, the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)
    • Miller, E. H., K. W. Pitcher, and T. R. Loughlin. 2000. Baculum size, growth and allometry in the largest extant otariid, the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). J. Mammal. 81:134-144.
    • (2000) J. Mammal. , vol.81 , pp. 134-144
    • Miller, E.H.1    Pitcher, K.W.2    Loughlin, T.R.3
  • 65
    • 1542542787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade-offs during the development of primary and secondary sexual traits in a horned beetle
    • Moczek, A. P., and H. F. Nijhout. 2004. Trade-offs during the development of primary and secondary sexual traits in a horned beetle. Am. Nat. 163:184-191.
    • (2004) Am. Nat. , vol.163 , pp. 184-191
    • Moczek, A.P.1    Nijhout, H.F.2
  • 66
    • 0030153553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of body size and harem size on male reproductive behaviour in the southern elephant seal
    • Modig, A. O. 1996. Effect of body size and harem size on male reproductive behaviour in the southern elephant seal. Anim. Behav. 51:1295-1306.
    • (1996) Anim. Behav. , vol.51 , pp. 1295-1306
    • Modig, A.O.1
  • 67
    • 0000121038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antler growth and extinction of Irish elk
    • Moen, R. A., J. Pastor, and Y. Cohen. 1999. Antler growth and extinction of Irish elk. Evol. Ecol. Res. 1:235-249.
    • (1999) Evol. Ecol. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 235-249
    • Moen, R.A.1    Pastor, J.2    Cohen, Y.3
  • 68
    • 59049087651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testis size, sperm size and sperm competition
    • B. G. M. Jamieson, ed. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH
    • Montgomerie, R., and J. L. Fitzpatrick. 2009. Testis size, sperm size and sperm competition. Pp. 1-53 in B. G. M. Jamieson, ed. Reproductive biology and phylogeny of fishes. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH.
    • (2009) Reproductive biology and phylogeny of fishes , pp. 1-53
    • Montgomerie, R.1    Fitzpatrick, J.L.2
  • 69
    • 8144231087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias
    • Nakagawa, S. 2004. A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power and publication bias. Behav. Ecol. 15:1044-1045.
    • (2004) Behav. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 1044-1045
    • Nakagawa, S.1
  • 70
    • 34547900079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists
    • Nakagawa, S., and I. C. Cuthill. 2007. Effect size, confidence interval and statistical significance: a practical guide for biologists. Biol. Rev. 82:591-605.
    • (2007) Biol. Rev. , vol.82 , pp. 591-605
    • Nakagawa, S.1    Cuthill, I.C.2
  • 71
    • 0030898605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders, Vipera berus
    • Olsson, M., T. Madsen, and R. Shine. 1997. Is sperm really so cheap? Costs of reproduction in male adders, Vipera berus. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264:455-459.
    • (1997) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.264 , pp. 455-459
    • Olsson, M.1    Madsen, T.2    Shine, R.3
  • 72
    • 0033963606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacular and testicular growth and allometry in the cape fur seal Arctocephalus p. pusillus (Otariidae)
    • Oosthuizen, W. H., and E. H. Miller. 2000. Bacular and testicular growth and allometry in the cape fur seal Arctocephalus p. pusillus (Otariidae). Mar. Mammal Sci. 16:124-140.
    • (2000) Mar. Mammal Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 124-140
    • Oosthuizen, W.H.1    Miller, E.H.2
  • 73
    • 0033613376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution
    • Pagel, M. 1999. Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401:877-884.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 877-884
    • Pagel, M.1
  • 74
    • 0000500285 scopus 로고
    • Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects
    • Parker, G. A. 1970. Sperm competition and its evolutionary consequences in the insects. Biol. Rev. 45:525-567.
    • (1970) Biol. Rev. , vol.45 , pp. 525-567
    • Parker, G.A.1
  • 75
    • 78650333070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm competition and ejaculate economics
    • Parker, G. A., and T. Pizzari. 2010. Sperm competition and ejaculate economics. Biol. Rev. 85:897-934.
    • (2010) Biol. Rev. , vol.85 , pp. 897-934
    • Parker, G.A.1    Pizzari, T.2
  • 76
    • 84871999064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sperm competition games: a general model for pre-copulatory male-male competition
    • Parker, G. A., C. M. Lessells, and L. W. Simmons. 2012. Sperm competition games: a general model for pre-copulatory male-male competition. Evolution, In press.
    • (2012) Evolution
    • Parker, G.A.1    Lessells, C.M.2    Simmons, L.W.3
  • 77
    • 34247183202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social competitiveness associated with rapid fluctuations in sperm quality in male fowl
    • Pizzari, T., C. K. Cornwallis, and D. P. Froman. 2007. Social competitiveness associated with rapid fluctuations in sperm quality in male fowl. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 274:853-860.
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.274 , pp. 853-860
    • Pizzari, T.1    Cornwallis, C.K.2    Froman, D.P.3
  • 78
    • 77953532939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male reproductive success and its behavioural correlates in a polygynous mammal, the Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki)
    • Pörschmann, U., F. Trillmich, B. Müller, and J. B. W. Wolf. 2010. Male reproductive success and its behavioural correlates in a polygynous mammal, the Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki). Mol. Ecol. 19:2574-2586.
    • (2010) Mol. Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 2574-2586
    • Pörschmann, U.1    Trillmich, F.2    Müller, B.3    Wolf, J.B.W.4
  • 80
    • 0037460889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overt and covert competition in a promiscuous mammal: the importance of weaponry and testes size to male reproductive success
    • Preston, B. T., I. R. Stevenson, J. M. Pemberton, D. W. Coltman, and K. Wilson. 2003. Overt and covert competition in a promiscuous mammal: the importance of weaponry and testes size to male reproductive success. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270:633-640.
    • (2003) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.270 , pp. 633-640
    • Preston, B.T.1    Stevenson, I.R.2    Pemberton, J.M.3    Coltman, D.W.4    Wilson, K.5
  • 81
    • 33847389794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and genital evolution in mammals: a phylogenetic analysis of baculum length
    • Ramm, S. A. 2007. Sexual selection and genital evolution in mammals: a phylogenetic analysis of baculum length. Am. Nat. 169:360-369.
    • (2007) Am. Nat. , vol.169 , pp. 360-369
    • Ramm, S.A.1
  • 82
    • 0033104523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronous polyandry and multiple paternity in the frog Crinia georgiana (Anura: Myobatrachidae)
    • Roberts, J. D., R. J. Standish, P. G. Byrne, and P. Doughty. 1999. Synchronous polyandry and multiple paternity in the frog Crinia georgiana (Anura: Myobatrachidae). Anim. Behav. 57:721-726.
    • (1999) Anim. Behav. , vol.57 , pp. 721-726
    • Roberts, J.D.1    Standish, R.J.2    Byrne, P.G.3    Doughty, P.4
  • 83
    • 84855270368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection and the evolution of genital shape and complexity in water striders
    • Rowe, L., and G. Arnqvist. 2011. Sexual selection and the evolution of genital shape and complexity in water striders. Evolution 66:40-54.
    • (2011) Evolution , vol.66 , pp. 40-54
    • Rowe, L.1    Arnqvist, G.2
  • 86
    • 84868092550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allometry of the baculum and sexual size dimorphism in American martens and fishers (Mammalia: Mustelidae)
    • Schulte-Hostedde, A. I., J. Bowman, and K. R. Middel. 2011. Allometry of the baculum and sexual size dimorphism in American martens and fishers (Mammalia: Mustelidae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 104:955-963.
    • (2011) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.104 , pp. 955-963
    • Schulte-Hostedde, A.I.1    Bowman, J.2    Middel, K.R.3
  • 88
    • 33750810558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary trade-off between weapons and testes
    • Simmons, L. W., and D. J. Emlen. 2006. Evolutionary trade-off between weapons and testes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:16346-16351.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 16346-16351
    • Simmons, L.W.1    Emlen, D.J.2
  • 89
    • 79960082873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental coevolution of male and female genital morphology
    • Simmons, L. W., and F. García-González. 2011. Experimental coevolution of male and female genital morphology. Nat. Commun. 2:374.
    • (2011) Nat. Commun. , vol.2 , pp. 374
    • Simmons, L.W.1    García-González, F.2
  • 90
    • 69949160782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary response to sexual selection in male genital morphology
    • Simmons, L. W., C. M. House, J. Hunt, and F. García-González. 2009. Evolutionary response to sexual selection in male genital morphology. Curr. Biol. 19:1442-1446.
    • (2009) Curr. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 1442-1446
    • Simmons, L.W.1    House, C.M.2    Hunt, J.3    García-González, F.4
  • 91
    • 0027834474 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry in the antlers of moose (Alces alces): does it signal male quality?
    • Solberg, E. J., and B. E. Saether. 1993. Fluctuating asymmetry in the antlers of moose (Alces alces): does it signal male quality?. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 254:251-255.
    • (1993) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.254 , pp. 251-255
    • Solberg, E.J.1    Saether, B.E.2
  • 92
    • 0002824044 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of mating systems in pinnipeds
    • J. F. Eisenberg and D. G. Kleiman, eds. American Society of Mammalogists, Special Publication No. 7. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas
    • Stirling, I. 1983. The evolution of mating systems in pinnipeds. Pp. 489-527 in J. F. Eisenberg and D. G. Kleiman, eds. Advances in the study of mammalian behavior. American Society of Mammalogists, Special Publication No. 7. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas.
    • (1983) Advances in the study of mammalian behavior , pp. 489-527
    • Stirling, I.1
  • 93
    • 84862247666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MOTMOT: models of trait macroevolution on trees
    • Thomas, G. H., and R. P. Freckleton. 2011. MOTMOT: models of trait macroevolution on trees. Method Ecol. Evol. 3:145-151.
    • (2011) Method Ecol. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 145-151
    • Thomas, G.H.1    Freckleton, R.P.2
  • 94
    • 68149107581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body size diversification in Anolis: novel environment and island effects
    • Thomas, G. H., S. Meiri, and A. B. Phillimore. 2009. Body size diversification in Anolis: novel environment and island effects. Evolution 63:2017-2030.
    • (2009) Evolution , vol.63 , pp. 2017-2030
    • Thomas, G.H.1    Meiri, S.2    Phillimore, A.B.3
  • 95
    • 0028975447 scopus 로고
    • The reproductive behavior and energetics of male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) breeding on a land-fast ice substrate
    • Tinker, M. T., K. M. Kovacs, and M. O. Hammill. 1995. The reproductive behavior and energetics of male grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) breeding on a land-fast ice substrate. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 36:159-170.
    • (1995) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.36 , pp. 159-170
    • Tinker, M.T.1    Kovacs, K.M.2    Hammill, M.O.3
  • 96
    • 0027041760 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dimorphism, mating system and body size in New World Blackbirds (Icterinae)
    • Webster, M. S. 1992. Sexual dimorphism, mating system and body size in New World Blackbirds (Icterinae). Evolution 46:1621-1641.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1621-1641
    • Webster, M.S.1
  • 97
    • 80051887885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacular and testicular growth and allometry in the ringed seal (Pusa hispida): evidence of polygyny?
    • Yurkowski, D. J., M. Chambellant, and S. H. Ferguson. 2011. Bacular and testicular growth and allometry in the ringed seal (Pusa hispida): evidence of polygyny? J. Mammal. 92:803-810.
    • (2011) J. Mammal. , vol.92 , pp. 803-810
    • Yurkowski, D.J.1    Chambellant, M.2    Ferguson, S.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.