Geriatric gynecology: Promoting health and avoiding harm

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 207, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 355-367

  Miller, Karen L ^a   Baraldi, Carole A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

frailty; geriatric gynecology; older women; perioperative care; urogynecology

Indexed keywords

AGING; AWARENESS; BREAST DISEASE; CANCER SCREENING; CHECKLIST; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FECES INCONTINENCE; FRAIL ELDERLY; GERIATRIC CARE; GYNECOLOGIC CARE; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN; MORBIDITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; PELVIC FLOOR MUSCLE TRAINING; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; POSTMENOPAUSE BLEEDING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; URINE INCONTINENCE; VULVA CANCER; VULVOVAGINITIS;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AMBULATORY CARE; BREAST DISEASES; EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER; FEMALE; FRAIL ELDERLY; GENITAL DISEASES, FEMALE; GERIATRICS; GYNECOLOGY; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONS; URINARY INCONTINENCE; VULVOVAGINITIS;

EID: 84868124428     PISSN: 00029378     EISSN: 10976868     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.04.014     Document Type: Review

References (141)

1. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies Retooling for an aging America: building the health care workforce www.iom.edu/Reports/2008/Retooling- for-an-Aging-America-Building-the-Health-Care-Workforce.aspx Accessed April 20, 2012
2. D. Volkert, C. Saeglitz, H. Gueldenzoph, C.C. Sieber, P. Stehle Undiagnosed malnutrition and nutrition-related problems in geriatric patients J Nutr Health Aging 14 2010 387 392
3. R. Brookmeyer, D.A. Evans, L. Hebert National estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the United States Alzheimers Dement 7 2011 61 73
4. N.A. Kochan, M.J. Slavin, H. Brodaty Effect of different impairment criteria on prevalence of "objective" mild cognitive impairment in a community sample Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 18 2010 711 722
5. W.A. Rocca, R.C. Petersen, D.S. Knopman Trends in the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment in the United States Alzheimers Dement 7 2011 80 93
6. C.F. Dillon, Q. Gu, H.J. Hoffman, C.W. Ko Vision, hearing, balance, and sensory impairment in Americans aged 70 years and over: United States, 1999-2006 NCHS Data Brief 31 2010 1 8
7. Government Accountability Office Elder justice: stronger federal leadership could enhance national response to elder abuse Report to the chairman, special committee on aging, US Senate GAO-11-208 March 21, 2011 Washington, DC http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11208.pdf Accessed April 21, 2012
8. J.M. Tordoff, M.L. Bagge, A.R. Gray, A.J. Campbell, P.T. Norris Medicine-taking practices in community-dwelling people aged > or =75 years in New Zealand Age Ageing 39 2010 574 580
9. N. Roy, J. Stemple, R.M. Merrill, L. Thomas Dysphagia in the elderly: preliminary evidence of prevalence, risk factors, and socioemotional effects Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116 2007 858 865 (Pubitemid 350174847)
10. M. Serra-Prat, G. Hinojosa, D. López Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and impaired swallowing in independently living older persons J Am Geriatr Soc 59 2011 186 187
11. S.A. Sternberg, A.W. Schwartz, S. Karunananthan, H. Bergman, A.M. Clarfield The identification of frailty: a systematic literature review J Am Geriatr Soc 59 2011 2129 2138
12. X. Song, A. Mitnitski, K. Rockwood Prevalence and 10-year outcomes of frailty in older adults in relation to deficit accumulation J Am Geriatr Soc 58 2010 681 687
13. S. Borson, J.M. Scanlan, P. Chen, M. Ganguli The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample J Am Geriatr Soc 51 2003 1451 1454 (Pubitemid 37259876)
14. C.M. Callahan, F.W. Unverzagt, S.L. Hui, A.J. Perkins, H.C. Hendrie Six-Item Screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research Med Care 40 2002 771 781
15. M.R. Chen, Q.H. Guo, X.Y. Cao, Z. Hong, X.H. Liu A preliminary study of the Six-Item Screener in detecting cognitive impairment Neurosci Bull 26 2010 317 321
16. M.A. Sager, B.P. Hermann, A. La Rue, J.L. Woodard Screening for dementia in community-based medical clinics Wis Med J 105 2006 25 29 (Pubitemid 44714441)
17. D. Saliba, M. Orlando, N.S. Wenger, R.D. Hays, L.Z. Rubenstein Identifying a short functional disability screen for older persons J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55 2000 M750 M756
18. D.B. Reuben Medical care for the final years of life: "when you're 83, it's not going to be 20 years." JAMA 302 2009 2686 2694
19. S. Craft, B. Cholerton, M. Reger Cognitive changes associated with normal and pathological aging J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti, Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York 751 765
20. K. Rockwood, A. Mitnitski, X. Song, B. Steen, I. Skoog Long-term risks of death and institutionalization of elderly people in relation to deficit accumulation at age 70 J Am Geriatr Soc 54 2006 975 979 (Pubitemid 43847037)
21. R.L. Marcus, C.S. Graybill, P.C. Lastayo Impaired muscle and mobility: the road from menopause to frailty Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 776 789 (Pubitemid 47357250)
22. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins-Gynecology ACOG practice bulletin no. 109: cervical cytology screening Obstet Gynecol 114 2009 1409 1420
23. American Cancer Society New screening guidelines for cervical cancer www.cancer.org/Cancer/news/News/new-screening-guidelines-for-cervical-cancer Accessed March 30, 2012
24. US Preventive Services Task Force Screening for cervical cancer: current recommendation www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscerv.htm Accessed March 30, 2012
25. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACOG practice bulletin no. 42: clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists, April 2003, breast cancer screening Obstet Gynecol 101 2003 821 831
26. R.A. Smith, V. Cokkinides, D. Brooks, D. Saslow, M. Shah, O.W. Brawley Cancer screening in the United States 2011: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and issues in cancer screening CA Cancer J Clin 61 2011 8 30
27. US Preventive Services Task Force Screening for breast cancer www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsbrca.htm November 2009 Accessed April 1, 2012
28. ACOG Committee on Gynecologic Practice Colonoscopy and colorectal cancer screening strategies: committee opinion no. 482 Obstet Gynecol 117 2011 766 771
29. US Preventive Services Task Force Screening for colorectal cancer, October 2008 www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspscolo.htm Accessed April 1, 2012
30. L.C. Walter, K.E. Covinsky Cancer screening in elderly patients: a framework for individualized decision making JAMA 285 2001 2750 2756 (Pubitemid 32525372)
31. A.B. Nattinger In the clinic: breast cancer screening and prevention Ann Intern Med 152 2010 ITC41
32. L.C. Walter Principles of screening in older adults J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti, Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York 182
33. A. Leibovitz, V.V. Kaplun, N. Saposhnicov, B. Habot Vulvovaginal examinations in elderly nursing home women residents Arch Gerontol Geriatr 31 2000 1 4
34. C.S. Colón-Emeric, K.G. Saag Osteoporotic fractures in older adults Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20 2006 695 706 (Pubitemid 44350115)
35. S.J. Andersen Osteoporosis in the older woman Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 752 766 (Pubitemid 47357248)
36. T.E. Howe, B. Shea, L.J. Dawson Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7 2011 CD000333
37. B. Dawson-Hughes, R.P. Heaney, M.F. Holick Estimates of optimal vitamin D status Osteoporos Int 16 2005 713
38. G. Duque, B.R. Troen Osteoporosis J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti, Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York 1421 1434
39. S.R. Cummings, M.C. Nevitt, W.S. Browner Risk factors for hip fracture in white women: study of osteoporotic fractures research group N Engl J Med 332 1995 767 773
40. M.E. Tinetti, C. Kumar The patient who falls: "It's always a trade-off." JAMA 303 2010 258 266
41. L.D. Gillespie, M.C. Robertson, W.J. Gillespie Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 2009 CD007146
42. D.M. Miltenburg, V.O. Speights Jr Benign breast disease Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 35 2008 285 300 ix (Pubitemid 351672000)
43. H.T. Sharp Myofascial pain syndrome of the abdominal wall for the busy clinician Clin Obstet Gynecol 46 2003 783 788 (Pubitemid 37429703)
44. S. Feldman, E.F. Cook, B.L. Harlow, R.S. Berkowitz Predicting endometrial cancer among older women who present with abnormal vaginal bleeding Gynecol Oncol 56 1995 376
45. R.D. Gambrell Jr Strategies to reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women Am J Obstet Gynecol 177 1997 1196 1207
46. A.S. Felix, J.L. Weissfeld, R.A. Stone Factors associated with type I and type II endometrial cancer Cancer Causes Control 21 2010 1851 1856
47. J.W. Moroney, C.M. Zahn Common gynecologic problems in geriatric-aged women Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 687 708 (Pubitemid 47357243)
48. R. Smith-Bindman, E. Weiss, V. Feldstein How thick is too thick? When endometrial thickness should prompt biopsy in postmenopausal women without vaginal bleeding Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 24 2004 558 565 (Pubitemid 39424681)
49. M. Dimitraki, P. Tsikouras, S. Bouchlariotou Clinical evaluation of women with PMB: is it always necessary an endometrial biopsy to be performed? A review of the literature Arch Gynecol Obstet 283 2011 261 266
50. R. Tinelli, F.G. Tinelli, E. Cicinelli, A. Malvasi, A. Tinelli The role of hysteroscopy with eye-directed biopsy in postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding and endometrial atrophy Menopause 15 2008 737 742
51. J. Wang, C. Wieslander, G. Hansen, I. Cass, S. Vasilev, C.H. Holschneider Thin endometrial echo complex on ultrasound does not reliably exclude type 2 endometrial cancers Gynecol Oncol 101 2006 120 125
52. S. Sadoon, G. Salman, G. Smith, C. Henson, W. McCullough Ultrasonographic endometrial thickness for diagnosing endometrial pathology in postmenopausal bleeding J Obstet Gynaecol 27 2007 406 408 (Pubitemid 47124352)
53. J.M. Crane, S. Healey Use of misoprostol before hysteroscopy: a systematic review J Obstet Gynaecol Can 28 2006 373 379
54. A.R. da Costa, A.M. Pinto-Neto, M. Amorim, L.H. Paiva, A. Scavuzzi, J. Schettini Use of misoprostol prior to hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial J Minim Invasive Gynecol 15 2008 67 73 (Pubitemid 351210671)
55. A.O. Hammoud, G. Deppe, S.S. Elkhechen, S. Johnson Ultrasonography-guided transvaginal endometrial biopsy: a useful technique in patients with cervical stenosis Obstet Gynecol 107 2006 518 520 (Pubitemid 43832672)
56. P.R. Summers, J. Hunn Unique dermatologic aspects of the postmenopausal vulva Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 745 751 (Pubitemid 47357247)
57. C. Bodelon, M.M. Madeleine, L.F. Voigt, N.S. Weiss Is the incidence of invasive vulvar cancer increasing in the United States? Cancer Causes Control 20 2009 1779 1782
58. A. Olsson, P. Selva-Nayagam, M.K. Oehler Postmenopausal vulval disease Menopause Int 14 2008 169 172
59. L.E. Nicolle Urinary tract infections J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti, Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York 1547 1559
60. L.E. Nicolle Urinary tract infections in the elderly Clin Geriatr Med 25 2009 423 436
61. C.E. DuBeau Beyond the bladder: management of urinary incontinence in older women Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 720 734
62. A. Wagg Recent advances in the treatment of urinary incontinence in older women Curr Opin Urol 18 2008 383 388 (Pubitemid 351787156)
63. P.S. Goode, K.L. Burgio, H.E. Richter, A.D. Markland Incontinence in older women JAMA 303 2010 2172 2181
64. A.J. Huang, J.S. Brown, E.J. Boyko Clinical significance of postvoid residual volume in older ambulatory women J Am Geriatr Soc 59 2011 1452 1458
65. C.M. Beverly, M.D. Walters, A.M. Weber, M.R. Piedmonte, L.A. Ballard Prevalence of hydronephrosis in patients undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse Obstet Gynecol 90 1997 37 41 (Pubitemid 27272952)
66. S.Y. Hui, S.C. Chan, S.Y. Lam, T.K. Lau, K.H. Chung A prospective study on the prevalence of hydronephrosis in women with pelvic organ prolapse and their outcomes after treatment Int Urogynecol J 22 2011 1529 1534
67. E. Costantini, M. Lazzeri, L. Mearini, A. Zucchi, M. Del Zingaro, M. Porena Hydronephrosis and pelvic organ prolapse Urology 73 2009 263 267
68. M.S. Floyd Jr, R.G. Casey, H.C. Bredin Procidentia: a reversible cause of hydronephrosis in an 80-year-old woman Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 19 2008 1179 1181
69. A.S. Sudhakar, V.G. Reddi, M. Schein, P.H. Gerst Bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis causing renal failure due to a procidentia uteri: a case report Int Surg 86 2001 173 175 (Pubitemid 33594365)
70. G.D. Jay, T. Kinkead, T. Hopkins, M. Wollin Obstructive uropathy from uterine prolapse: a preventable problem in the elderly J Am Geriatr Soc 40 1992 1156 1160
71. R. Asplund Hip fractures, nocturia, and nocturnal polyuria in the elderly Arch Gerontol Geriatr 43 2006 319 326 (Pubitemid 44634127)
72. D.A. Kujubu, S.R. Aboseif An overview of nocturia and the syndrome of nocturnal polyuria in the elderly Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 4 2008 426 435
73. The American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel American Geriatrics Society updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults J Am Geriatr Soc 60 2012 616 631
74. Y.S. Hannestad, G. Rortveit, H. Sandvik, S. Hunskaar A community-based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study; epidemiology of incontinence in the county of Nord-Trondelag J Clin Epidemiol 53 2000 1150 1157
75. H. Kim, H. Yoshida, T. Suzuki The effects of multidimensional exercise treatment on community-dwelling elderly Japanese women with stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial Int J Nurs Stud 48 2011 1165 1172
76. A. Kondo, A. Emoto, K. Katoh, H. Ozawa, O. Kamihira Long-term results of the pelvic floor muscle training for female urinary incontinence: an 8-year transition tree and predictive parameters Neurourol Urodyn 26 2007 495 501 (Pubitemid 47036134)
77. S.N. Hilmer, D.E. Mager, E.M. Simonsick Drug burden index score and functional decline in older people Am J Med 122 2009 1142 1149.e1-2
78. G.G. Kay, U. Ebinger Preserving cognitive function for patients with overactive bladder: evidence for a differential effect with darifenacin Int J Clin Pract 62 2008 1792 1800
79. K.A. Wesnes, C. Edgar, R.N. Tretter, J. Bolodeoku Exploratory pilot study assessing the risk of cognitive impairment or sedation in the elderly following single doses of solifenacin 10 mg Expert Opin Drug Saf 8 2009 615 626
80. T.E. Lackner, J.F. Wyman, T.C. McCarthy, M. Monigold, C. Davey Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the cognitive effect, safety, and tolerability of oral extended-release oxybutynin in cognitively impaired nursing home residents with urge urinary incontinence J Am Geriatr Soc 56 2008 862 870 (Pubitemid 351652413)
81. D. Harari Constipation J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti, Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York 1112 1113
82. D.Z. Bliss, L.R. Fischer, K. Savik Managing fecal incontinence: self-care practices of older adults J Gerontol Nurs 31 2005 35 44
83. E. Rey, R.S. Choung, C.D. Schleck, A.R. Zinsmeister, G.R. Locke III, N.J. Talley Onset and risk factors for fecal incontinence in a US community Am J Gastroenterol 105 2010 412 419
84. F.W. Leung, S.S. Rao Fecal incontinence in the elderly Gastroenterol Clin North Am 38 2009 503 511
85. G. Van Rensbergen, T. Nawrot Medical conditions of nursing home admissions BMC Geriatr 10 2010 46
86. T. Shamliyan, J. Wyman, D.Z. Bliss, R.L. Kane, T.J. Wilt Prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence in adults Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 161 2007 1 379
87. A.D. Markland, H.E. Richter, K.L. Burgio, T.L. Wheeler II, D.T. Redden, P.S. Goode Outcomes of combination treatment of fecal incontinence in women Am J Obstet Gynecol 199 2008 699.e1 699.e7
88. M.J. Solomon, C.K. Pager, J. Rex, R. Roberts, J. Manning Randomized, controlled trial of biofeedback with anal manometry, transanal ultrasound, or pelvic floor retraining with digital guidance alone in the treatment of mild to moderate fecal incontinence Dis Colon Rectum 46 2003 703 710 (Pubitemid 36693387)
89. J.L. Clemons, V.C. Aguilar, E.R. Sokol, N.D. Jackson, D.L. Myers Patient characteristics that are associated with continued pessary use versus surgery after 1 year Am J Obstet Gynecol 191 2004 159 164 (Pubitemid 39077970)
90. C.W. Nager, H.E. Richter, I. Nygaard Pelvic Floor Disorders Network (PFDN) Incontinence pessaries: size, POPQ measures, and successful fitting Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 20 2009 1023 1028
91. J.L. Clemons, V.C. Aguilar, T.A. Tillinghast, N.D. Jackson, D.L. Myers Risk factors associated with an unsuccessful pessary fitting trial in women with pelvic organ prolapse Am J Obstet Gynecol 190 2004 345 350 (Pubitemid 38249227)
92. E.R. Trowbridge, D.E. Fenner Practicalities and pitfalls of pessaries in older women Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 709 719 (Pubitemid 47357244)
93. S. Friedman, K.S. Sandhu, C. Wang, M.S. Mikhail, E. Banks Factors influencing long-term pessary use Int Urogynecol J 21 2010 673 678
94. V. Wu, S.A. Farrell, T.F. Baskett, G. Flowerdew A simplified protocol for pessary management Obstet Gynecol 90 1997 990 994 (Pubitemid 27510143)
95. J.M. Maito, Z.A. Quam, E. Craig, K.A. Danner, R.G. Rogers Predictors of successful pessary fitting and continued use in a nurse-midwifery pessary clinic J Midwifery Womens Health 51 2006 78 84 (Pubitemid 43292876)
96. T. Yamada, S. Matsubara Rectocele, but not cystocele, may predict unsuccessful pessary fitting J Obstet Gynaecol 31 2011 441 442
97. J.N. Nguyen, C.R. Jones Pessary treatment of pelvic relaxation: factors affecting successful fitting and continued use J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 32 2005 255 261 (Pubitemid 41097521)
98. S. Sarma, T. Ying, K.H. Moore Long-term vaginal ring pessary use: discontinuation rates and adverse events BJOG 116 2009 1715 1721
99. B.E. Arias, B. Ridgeway, M.D. Barber Complications of neglected vaginal pessaries: case presentation and literature review Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 19 2008 1173 1178
100. J. Berger, T. Van den Bosch, J. Deprest Impaction after partial expulsion of a neglected pessary Obstet Gynecol 114 2009 468 470
101. T. Ka Yu, P. Ting Chung Cervical incarceration by ring pessaries Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 83 2004 313 314
102. B. Kaaki, S.T. Mahajan Vesicovaginal fistula resulting from a well-cared-for pessary Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 18 2007 971 973 (Pubitemid 47034312)
103. K. Powers, B. Grigorescu, G. Lazarou, W.M. Greston, T. Weber Neglected pessary causing a rectovaginal fistula: a case report J Reprod Med 53 2008 235 237 (Pubitemid 351498139)
104. A. Sinha, L. Thirumalaikumar, O.O. Sorinola Bowel evisceration through a ring pessary BJOG 111 2004 1023 1024 (Pubitemid 39223058)
105. R. Ott, H. Richter, J. Behr, J. Scheele Small bowel prolapse and incarceration caused by a vaginal ring pessary Br J Surg 80 1993 1157 (Pubitemid 23284048)
106. M.D. Luyer, V. Reijn, H. Plasschaert, P.W. De Feiter Cecal rupture due to a dislocated vaginal pessary with fatal outcome in a patient with rectal diverticulosis Scand J Gastroenterol 42 2007 1021 1022 (Pubitemid 47037120)
107. C.F. McCammon Acute abdominal pain in an elderly woman Am J Emerg Med 19 2001 243 244 (Pubitemid 32378674)
108. L.D. Wheeler, R. Lazarus, J. Torkington, M.S. O'Mahony, K.W. Woodhouse Lesson of the week: perils of pessaries Age Ageing 33 2004 510 511 (Pubitemid 39214286)
109. A. Shaunik Pelvic organ myiasis Obstet Gynecol 107 2006 501 503 (Pubitemid 43832665)
110. P. Dasgupta, C.M. Booth Uremia due to ureteric obstruction of a solitary kidney by a vaginal ring pessary Scand J Urol Nephrol 30 1996 493 494 (Pubitemid 27014110)
111. W. Meinhardt, N.W. Schuitemaker, M.J. Smeets, P.L. Venema Bilateral hydronephrosis with urosepsis due to neglected pessary: case report Scand J Urol Nephrol 27 1993 419 420 (Pubitemid 23312273)
112. L.E. Duncan, M. Foltzer, M. O'Hearn Unilateral hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, and bacteremia caused by a neglected vaginal ring pessary J Am Geriatr Soc 45 1997 1413 1414 (Pubitemid 27497799)
113. A. Jain, F. Majoko, O. Freites How innocent is the vaginal pessary? Two cases of vaginal cancer associated with pessary use J Obstet Gynaecol 26 2006 829 830 (Pubitemid 44871088)
114. P.A. Poma Management of incarcerated vaginal pessaries J Am Geriatr Soc 29 1981 325 327 (Pubitemid 11078363)
115. A. Sankar, A. Aziz, P. Trotter, R. Fox Outpatient management of incarcerated ring pessary: use of orthopedic bone cutters J Obstet Gynaecol 28 2008 245 246 (Pubitemid 351507678)
116. K. Jones, L. Yang, J.L. Lowder Effect of pessary use on genital hiatus measurements in women with pelvic organ prolapse Obstet Gynecol 112 2008 630 636
117. S. Matsubara, Y. Ohki Can a ring pessary have a lasting effect to reverse uterine prolapse even after its removal? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 36 2010 459 461
118. J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York
119. T.N. Robinson, M.E. Zenilman Preoperative assessment of the elderly patient: frailty J.L. Cameron, Current surgical therapy 9th ed. 2008 Mosby Elsevier Philadelphia 1065 1069
120. D. Clarke-Pearson, A. Shafer Special concerns for older women Clinical updates in women's health care, perioperative considerations for coexisting medical conditions 9 2010 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Seattle, WA 60 71
121. S. Chiang, K.A. Gerten, K.L. Miller Optimizing outcomes of surgery in advanced age-perioperative factors to consider Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 813 825 (Pubitemid 47357253)
122. K.A. Gerten, H.E. Richter Pelvic floor surgery in the older woman Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 826 843 (Pubitemid 47364596)
123. P.N. Malani Functional status assessment in the preoperative evaluation of older adults JAMA 302 2009 1582 1583
124. L.A. Fleisher, J.A. Beckman, K.A. Brown ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the 2002 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery) Circulation 116 2007 e418 e500
125. S.K. Inouye, S.T. Bogardus Jr, P.A. Charpentier A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients N Engl J Med 340 1999 669 676 (Pubitemid 29110750)
126. T.G. Fong, S.R. Tulebaev, S.K. Inouye Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment Nat Rev Neurol 5 2009 210 220
127. T.N. Robinson, B. Eiseman, J.I. Wallace Redefining geriatric preoperative assessment using frailty, disability and co-morbidity Ann Surg 250 2009 449 455
128. J. Afilalo, M.J. Eisenberg, J.F. Morin Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery J Am Coll Cardiol 56 2010 1668 1676
129. H. Blain, I. Carriere, N. Sourial Balance and walking speed predict subsequent 8-year mortality independently of current and intermediate events in well-functioning women aged 75 years and older J Nutr Health Aging 14 2010 595 600
130. S. Studenski, S. Perera, K. Patel Gait speed and survival in older adults JAMA 305 2011 50 58
131. D.H. Sullivan, L.E. Johnson Nutrition and aging J.B. Halter, J.G. Ouslander, M.E. Tinetti, Hazzard's geriatric medicine and gerontology 6th ed. 2009 McGraw-Hill New York 455 456
132. J. Gibbs, W. Cull, W. Henderson, J. Daley, K. Hur, S.F. Khuri Preoperative serum albumin level as predictor of operative mortality and morbidity Arch Surg 134 1999 36 42
133. D. Posiadlo, S. Richardson The timed "Up and Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons J Am Geriatr Soc 39 1991 142 148
134. C.J. Jones, R.E. Rikli Measuring functional fitness of older adults J Active Aging 2 2002 24 30
135. M. Henry Assessing decision-making capacity in elderly patients: the gynecologist's role Clin Obstet Gynecol 50 2007 800 812 (Pubitemid 47357252)
136. A. Zisberg, E. Shadmi, G. Sinoff, N. Gur-Yaish, E. Srulovici, H. Admi Low mobility during hospitalization and functional decline in older adults J Am Geriatr Soc 59 2011 266 273
137. L.M. Verbrugge, A.M. Jette The disablement process Soc Sci Med 38 1994 1 14
138. S.K. Inouye Delirium in older persons N Engl J Med 354 2006 1157 1165
139. P. Dedhia, S. Kravet, J. Bulger A quality improvement intervention to facilitate the transition of older adults from three hospitals back to their homes J Am Geriatr Soc 57 2009 1540 1546
140. S.F. Jencks, M.V. Williams, E.A. Coleman Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service programs N Engl J Med 360 2009 1418 1428
141. A.G. Golden, S. Tewary, S. Dang, B.A. Roos Care management's challenges and opportunities to reduce the rapid rehospitalization of frail community-dwelling older adults Gerontologist 50 2010 451 458