High rate of qacA- and qacB-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from chlorhexidine-impregnated catheter-related bloodstream infections

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 56, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 5693-5697

  Ho, Cheng Mao ^a,b   Li, Chi Yuan ^a   Ho, Mao Wang ^b   Lin, Chien Yu ^b   Liu, Shu Hui ^a   Lu, Jang Jih ^a,c  

^a CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b CHINA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^c CHANG GUNG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOCIDE; CHLORHEXIDINE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BLOOD CULTURE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CATHETER INFECTION; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION; METHICILLIN SUSCEPTIBLE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QACA GENE; QACB GENE; RISK FACTOR;

AGED; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BACTEREMIA; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; CHLORHEXIDINE; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS;

EID: 84868028767     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: 10986596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00761-12     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Buck JM, et al. 2005. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Minnesota, 2000-2003. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11:1532-1538.
2. Centers for Disease Control, R. O. C. (Taiwan). 2008. Annual Report of Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. http://www.cdc.gov.tw/english/info. aspx?treeid=00ed75d6c887bb27&nowtreeid=f0131176aa46d5db&tid= 1A8C498AF5F8AF5D.
3. Chambers HF, Deleo FR. 2009. Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 7:629-641.
4. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2009. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard, eighth edition. M07-A8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA
5. Ho CM, Ho MW, Lee CY, Tien N, Lu JJ. 2012. Clonal spreading of methicillin-resistant SCCmec Staphylococcus aureus with specific spa and dru types in central Taiwan. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 31:499-504.
6. Ho CM, et al. 2010. Prevalence and accessory gene regulator (agr) analysis of vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus among methicillin-resistant isolates in Taiwan - SMART program, 2003. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 29:383-389.
7. Leelaporn A, Paulsen IT, Tennent JM, Littlejohn TG, Skurray RA. 1994. Multidrug resistance to antiseptics and disinfectants in coagulase-negative staphylococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 40:214-220.
8. Longtin J, et al. 2011. Distribution of antiseptic resistance genes qacA, qacB, and smr in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Toronto, Canada, from 2005 to 2009. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55:2999-3001.
9. Mayer S, Boos M, Beyer A, Fluit AC, Schmitz FJ. 2001. Distribution of the antiseptic resistance genes qacA, qacB and qacC in 497 methicillin-resistant and -susceptible European isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 47:896-897.
10. McDonnell G, Russell AD. 1999. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12:147-179.
11. Mermel LA, et al. 2009. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 49:1-45.
12. Milstone AM, Passaretti CL, Perl TM. 2008. Chlorhexidine: expanding the armamentarium for infection control and prevention. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46:274-281.
13. Mitchell BA, Brown MH, Skurray RA. 1998. QacA multidrug efflux pump from Staphylococcus aureus: comparative analysis of resistance to diamidines, biguanidines, and guanylhydrazones. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:475-477.
14. O'Grady NP, et al. 2011. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52:e162-193.
15. Sheldon AT, Jr. 2005. Antiseptic "resistance": real or perceived threat? Clin. Infect. Dis. 40:1650-1656.
16. Sheng WH, et al. 2009. Epidemiology and susceptibilities of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan: emphasis on chlorhexidine susceptibility. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 63:309-313.
17. Stickler DJ, Thomas B. 1980. Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection. J. Clin. Pathol. 33:288-296.
18. Vali L, Davies SE, Lai LL, Dave J, Amyes SG. 2008. Frequency of biocide resistance genes, antibiotic resistance and the effect of chlorhexidine exposure on clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61:524-532.
19. Wang JT, et al. 2008. Longitudinal analysis of chlorhexidine susceptibilities of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a teaching hospital in Taiwan. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62:514-517.
20. Yorganci K, Krepel C, Weigelt JA, Edmiston CE. 2002. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of three different central venous catheters against gram-positive bacteria. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21:379 - 384.