Cruciate ligament loading during common knee rehabilitation exercises

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine

Volumn 226, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 670-680

  Escamilla, Rafael F ^a   MacLeod, Toran D ^b   Wilk, Kevin E ^c   Paulos, Lonnie ^d   Andrews, James R ^e,f  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Champion Sports Medicine   (United States)

^d Paulos Sports Injury and Joint Preservation Clinic   (United States)

^e AMERICAN SPORTS MEDICINE INSTITUTE   (United States)

^f The Andrews Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Anterior cruciate ligament; anterior shear force; exercise therapy; reconstruction; strain

Indexed keywords

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS; EXERCISE THERAPY; KNEE EXTENSION; LIGAMENT LOADINGS; OPTIMAL RECOVERY; POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; SHEAR FORCE; THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE; REHABILITATION EXERCISE; WEIGHT BEARING EXERCISE;

IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION; LIGAMENTS; LOADS (FORCES); STRAIN; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM;

LOADING;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CONVALESCENCE; HUMAN; INJURY; JOINT CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS; KINESIOTHERAPY; KNEE INJURY; METHODOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; WEIGHT BEARING;

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; EXERCISE THERAPY; HUMANS; KNEE INJURIES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RANGE OF MOTION, ARTICULAR; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; WEIGHT-BEARING;

EID: 84867842773     PISSN: 09544119     EISSN: 20413033     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0954411912451839     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Fleming BC, et al. The strain behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament during squatting and active flexion-extension. A comparison of an open and a closed kinetic chain exercise. Am J Sports Med. 1997 ; 25: 823-829
2. Beynnon BD, Fleming BC. Anterior cruciate ligament strain in-vivo: a review of previous work. J Biomech. 1998 ; 31 (6). 519-525
3. Beynnon B, Howe JG, Pope MH, et al. The measurement of anterior cruciate ligament strain in vivo. Int Orthop. 1992 ; 16 (1). 1-12
4. Beynnon BD, Fleming BC, Johnson RJ, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament strain behavior during rehabilitation exercises in vivo. Am J Sports Med. 1995 ; 23 (1). 24-34
5. Fleming BC, Beynnon BD, Renstrom PA, et al. The strain behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament during stair climbing: an in vivo study. Arthroscopy. 1999 ; 15 (2). 185-191
6. Heijne A, Fleming BC, Renstrom PA, et al. Strain on the anterior cruciate ligament during closed kinetic chain exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 ; 36 (6). 935-941
7. Fleming BC, Beynnon BD, Renstrom PA, et al. The strain behavior of the anterior cruciate ligament during bicycling. An in vivo study. Am J Sports Med. 1998 ; 26 (1). 109-118
8. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, Imamura R, et al. Cruciate ligament force during the wall squat and the one-leg squat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 ; 41 (2). 408-417
9. Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, et al. Biomechanics of the knee during closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 ; 30 (4). 556-569
10. Zheng N, Fleisig GS, Escamilla RF, et al. An analytical model of the knee for estimation of internal forces during exercise. J Biomech. 1998 ; 31 (10). 963-967
11. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, Macleod TD, et al. Cruciate ligament forces between a short and long step forward lunge. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 ; 42 (10). 1932-1942
12. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, et al. Cruciate ligament tensile forces during the forward and side lunge. Clinical Biomech. 2010 ; 25 (3). 213-221
13. Pflum MA, Shelburne KB, Torry MR, et al. Model prediction of anterior cruciate ligament force during drop-landings. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 ; 36 (11). 1949-1958
14. Eitzen I, Moksnes H, Snyder-Mackler L, et al. A progressive 5-week exercise therapy program leads to significant improvement in knee function early after anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 ; 40 (11). 705-721
15. Wilk KE, Reinold MM, Hooks TR. Recent advances in the rehabilitation of isolated and combined anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Orthop Clin North Am. 2003 ; 34 (1). 107-137
16. Risberg MA, Holm I. The long-term effect of 2 postoperative rehabilitation programs after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled clinical trial with 2 years of follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 2009 ; 37 (10). 1958-1966
17. Pandy MG, Shelburne KB. Dependence of cruciate-ligament loading on muscle forces and external load. J Biomech. 1997 ; 30 (10). 1015-1024
18. Toutoungi DE, Lu TW, Leardini A, et al. Cruciate ligament forces in the human knee during rehabilitation exercises. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2000 ; 15 (3). 176-187
19. Shelburne KB, Torry MR, Pandy MG. Muscle, ligament, and joint-contact forces at the knee during walking. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 ; 37 (11). 1948-1956
20. Shelburne KB, Pandy MG. A dynamic model of the knee and lower limb for simulating rising movements. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engng. 2002 ; 5 (2). 149-159
21. Shin CS, Chaudhari AM, Andriacchi TP. The influence of deceleration forces on ACL strain during single-leg landing: a simulation study. J Biomech. 2007 ; 40 (5). 1145-1152
22. Delay BS, Smolinski RJ, Wind WM, et al. Current practices and opinions in ACL reconstruction and rehabilitation: results of a survey of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Am J Knee Surg. 2001 ; 14 (2). 85-91
23. Francis A, Thomas RD, McGregor A. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture: reconstruction surgery and rehabilitation. A nation-wide survey of current practice. Knee. 2001 ; 8 (1). 13-18
24. Woo SL, Hollis JM, Adams DJ, et al. Tensile properties of the human femur-anterior cruciate ligament-tibia complex. The effects of specimen age and orientation. Am J Sports Med. 1991 ; 19 (3). 217-225
25. Brown CH, Steiner ME, Carson EW. The use of hamstring tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Technique and results. Clin Sports Med. 1993 ; 12 (4). 723-756
26. Shelbourne KD, Nitz P. Accelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1990 ; 18 (3). 292-299
27. Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, et al. Effects of technique variations on knee biomechanics during the squat and leg press. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 ; 33 (9). 1552-1566
28. Wilk KE, Escamilla RF, Fleisig GS, et al. A comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces and electromyographic activity during open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Am J Sports Med. 1996 ; 24 (4). 518-527
29. Nagura T, Matsumoto H, Kiriyama Y, et al. Tibiofemoral joint contact force in deep knee flexion and its consideration in knee osteoarthritis and joint replacement. J Appl Biomech. 2006 ; 22 (4). 305-313
30. Beynnon BD, Amis AA. In vitro testing protocols for the cruciate ligaments and ligament reconstructions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1998 ; 6: S70-76
31. Shimokochi Y, Shultz SJ. Mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Athl Train. 2008 ; 43 (4). 396-408
32. Ohkoshi Y, Yasuda K, Kaneda K, et al. Biomechanical analysis of rehabilitation in the standing position. Am J Sports Med. 1991 ; 19 (6). 605-611
33. Shelbourne KD, Klootwyk TE, Wilckens JH, et al. Ligament stability two to six years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous patellar tendon graft and participation in accelerated rehabilitation program. Am J Sports Med. 1995 ; 23 (5). 575-579
34. Nisell R, Ericson MO, Nemeth G, et al. Tibiofemoral joint forces during isokinetic knee extension. Am J Sports Med. 1989 ; 17 (1). 49-54
35. Farrokhi S, Pollard CD, Souza RB, et al. Trunk position influences the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of the lead lower extremity during the forward lunge exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2008 ; 38 (7). 403-409
36. Jacobsen K. Osteoarthrosis following insufficiency of the cruciate ligaments in man. A clinical study. Acta Orthop Scand. 1977 ; 48 (5). 520-526
37. Vilensky JA, O'Connor BL, Brandt KD, et al. Serial kinematic analysis of the unstable knee after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament: temporal and angular changes in a canine model of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 1994 ; 12 (2). 229-237
38. Wilk KE, Andrews JR. The effects of pad placement and angular velocity on tibial displacement during isokinetic exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993 ; 17 (1). 24-30
39. Escamilla RF. Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 ; 33 (1). 127-141
40. Race A, Amis AA. The mechanical properties of the two bundles of the human posterior cruciate ligament. J Biomech. 1994 ; 27 (1). 13-24