Prognostic implications for insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant normal-weight and obese individuals from a population-based cohort

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 96, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 962-969

  Bo, Simona ^a   Musso, Giovanni ^b   Gambino, Roberto ^a   Villois, Paola ^a   Gentile, Luigi ^c   Durazzo, Marilena ^a   Cavallo Perin, Paolo ^a   Cassader, Maurizio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^b GRADENIGO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c Hospital of Asti   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; URIC ACID;

ADULT; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; OBESITY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ANTHROPOMETRY; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL; COHORT STUDIES; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HUMANS; INSULIN RESISTANCE; ITALY; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RURAL POPULATION; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 84867806173     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.040006     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Karelis AD, St-Pierre DH, Conus F, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and body composition factors in subgroups of obesity: what do we know? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2569-75. (Pubitemid 38766333)
2. Brochu M, Tchernof A, Dionne IJ, Sites CK, Eltabbakh GH, Sims EAH, Poehlman ET. What are the physical characteristics associated with a normal metabolic profile despite a high level of obesity in postmenopausal women? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1020-5. (Pubitemid 32322976)
3. Ruderman N, Chisholm D, Pi-Sunyer X, Schneider S. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes 1998;47:699-713. (Pubitemid 28201798)
4. Conus F, Allison DB, Rabasa-Lhoret R, St-Onge M, St-Pierre DH, Tremblay-Lebeau A, Poehlman ET. Metabolic and behavioral characteristics of metabolically obese but normal-weight women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:5013-20. (Pubitemid 39391442)
5. Meigs JB, Wilson PWF, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM, D'Agostino RB. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:2906-12. (Pubitemid 44271734)
6. Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Fruchart JC, James PT, Loria CM, Smith SC. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 2009;120:1640-5.
7. Velho S, Paccaud F, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. Metabolically healthy obesity: different prevalences using different criteria. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64:1043-51.
8. Kuk JL, Ardern CI. Are metabolically normal but obese individuals at lower risk for all-cause mortality? Diabetes Care 2009;32:2297-9.
9. Arnlöv J, Ingelsson E, Sundström J, Lind L. Impact of body mass index and the metabolic syndrome on the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in middle-aged men. Circulation 2010;121:230-6.
10. Calori G, Lattuada G, Piemonti L, Garancini MP, Ragogna F, Villa M, Mannino S, Crosignani P, Bosi E, Luzi L, et al. Prevalence, metabolic features, and prognosis of metabolically healthy obese Italian individuals. Diabetes Care 2011;34:210-5.
11. St-Pierre AC, Cantin B, Mauriège P, Bergeron J, Dagenais GR, Després JP, Lamarche B. Insulin resistance syndrome, body mass index and the risk of ischemic heart disease. CMAJ 2005;172:1301-5. (Pubitemid 40745071)
12. Khan UI, Wang D, Thurston RC, Sowers MF, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Matthews KA, Barinas-Mitchell E, Wildman RP. Burden of subclinical cardiovascular disease in "metabolically benign" and "at risk" overweight and obese women: the Study of Women's Health across the Nation (SWAN). Atherosclerosis 2011;217:179-86.
13. Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Kelley DE, Johnson D, Kelsey SF, Shaw LJ, Rogers WJ, Reis SE. Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women. Circulation 2004;109:706-13.
14. Kotronen A, Peltonen M, Hakkarainen A, Sevastianova K, Bergholm R, Johansson LM, Lundbom N, Rissanen A, Ridderstråle M, Groop L, et al. Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fat using metabolic and genetic factors. Gastroenterology 2009;137:865-72.
15. Pajunen P, Kotronen A, Korpi-Hyövälti E, Keinänen- Kiukaanniemi S, Oksa H, Niskanen L, Saaristo T, Saltevo JT, Sundvall J, Vanhala M, et al. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes in the general population: the FIN-D2D survey. BMC Public Health 2011;11:754.
16. Stefan N, Kantartzis K, Machann J, Schick F, Thamer C, Ritting K, Balletshofer B, Machicao F, Fritsche A, Häring HU. Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1609-16.
17. Bo S, Gentile L, Ciccone G, Baldi C, Benini L, Dusio F, Lucia C, Forastiere G, Nuti C, Cassader M, et al. The metabolic syndrome and high C-reactive protein: prevalence and difference by sex in a southern-European population-based cohort. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005;21:515-24. (Pubitemid 41646011)
18. Taylor HL, Jacobs DR Jr, Schucker B, Knudsen J, Leon AS, Debacker G. Questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities. J Chronic Dis 1978;31:741-55. (Pubitemid 9140316)
19. Kroke A, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Voss S, Moseneder J, Thielecke F, Noack R, Boeing H. Validation of a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire administered in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study: comparison of energy, protein, and macronutrient intakes estimated with the doubly labeled water, urinary nitrogen, and repeated 24-h dietary recall methods. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:439-47. (Pubitemid 29463436)
20. Willett W, Stampfer MJ. Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:17-27. (Pubitemid 16095831)
21. Bo S, Durazzo M, Guidi S, Carello M, Sacerdote C, Silli B, Rosato R, Cassader M, Gentile L, Pagano G. Dietary magnesium and fiber intake, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in middle-aged subjects from a population-based cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:1062-9. (Pubitemid 44730376)
22. Karelis AD, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Can we identify metabolically healthy but obese individuals (MHO)? Diabetes Metab 2004;30:569-72. (Pubitemid 40070359)
23. Jennings CL, Lambert EV, Collins M, Joffe Y, Levitt NS, Goedecke JH. Determinants of insulin-resistant phenotypes in normal-weight and obese black African women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:1602-9. (Pubitemid 351915104)
24. Lee SH, Ha HS, Park YJ, Lee JH, Yim HW, Yoon KH, Kang MI, Lee WC, Son HY, Park YM, et al. Identifying metabolically obese but normal-weight (MONW) individuals in a nondiabetic Korean population: the Chungju Metabolic disease Cohort (CMC) study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;75:475-81.
25. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985;28:412-9. (Pubitemid 15018832)
26. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2012;35:S64-71.
27. D'Agostino RB, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, Kannel WB. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primari care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117:743-53. (Pubitemid 351640675)
28. Wildman RP, Muntner P, Reynolds K, McGinn AP, Rajpathak S, Wylie-Rosett J, Sowers MFR. The obese without cardiometabolic risk factor clustering and the normal weight with cardiometabolic risk factor clustering. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1617-24.
29. Iacobellis G, Ribaudo MC, Zappaterreno A, Iannucci CV, Leonetti F. Prevalence of uncomplicated obesity in an Italian obese population. Obes Res 2005;13:1116-22.
30. Pataky Z, Makoundou V, Nilsson P, Gabriel RS, Lalic K, Muscelli E, Casolaro A, Golay A, Bobbioni-Harsch E. Metabolic normality in overweight and obese subjects. Which parameters? Which risks? Int J Obes (Lond) 2011;35:1208-15.
31. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report: National Institute of Health. Obes Res 1998;6:51S-209S.
32. Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. Meta-analysis: natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity. Ann Med 2011;43:617-49.
33. Bellentani S, Saccoccio G, Masutti F, Crocè LS, Brandi G, Sasso F, Cristanini G, Tiribelli C. Prevalence of and risk factor for hepatic steatosis in Northern Italy. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:112-7. (Pubitemid 30044177)
34. Chang Y, Ryu S, Suh BS, Yun KE, Kim CW, Cho SI. Impact of BMI on the incidence of metabolic abnormalities in metabolically healthy men. Int J Obes (Lond) (Epub ahead of print 13 December 2011).
35. McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Reaven G. Heterogeneity in the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese in individuals. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:642-8. (Pubitemid 46598455)
36. He Y, Jiang B, Wang J, Feng K, Chang Q, Zhu S, Fan L, Li X, Hu FB. BMI versus the metabolic syndrome in relation to cardiovascular risk in elderly Chinese individuals. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2128-34. (Pubitemid 47219434)
37. Ogorodnikova AD, Kim M, McGinn AP, Muntner P, Khan U, Wildman RP. Incident cardiovascular disease events in metabolically benign obese individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012;20:651-9.
38. Park J, Kim SH, Cho GY, Baik I, Kim NH, Lim HE, Kim EJ, Park CG, Lim SY, Kim YH, et al. Obesity phenotype and cardiovascular changes. J Hypertens 2011;29:1765-72.
39. Dvorak RV, DeNino WF, Ades PA, Poehlman ET. Phenotypic characteristics associated with insulin resistance in metabolically obese but normal-weight young women. Diabetes 1999;48:2210-4. (Pubitemid 29521852)
40. Katsuki A, Sumida Y, Urakawa H, Gabazza EC, Murashima S, Maruyama N, Morioka K, Nakatani K, Yano Y, Adachi Y. Increased visceral fat and serum levels of triglyceride are associated with insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese, normal weight subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2341-4. (Pubitemid 36993323)
41. Hyun YJ, Koh SJ, Chae JS, Kim JY, Kim OY, Lim HH, Jang Y, Park S, Ordovas JM, Lee JH. Atherogenecity of LDL and unfavorable adipokine profile in metabolically obese normal-weight women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:784-9. (Pubitemid 351465633)
42. Succurro E, Marini MA, Frontoni S, Hribal ML, Andreozzi F, Lauro R, Perticone F, Sesti G. Insulin secretion in metabolically obese, but normal weight, and in metabolically healthy but obese individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16:1881-6.
43. De Lorenzo A, Del Gobbo V, Premrov MG, Bigioni M, Galvano F, Di Renzo L. Normal-weight obese syndrome: early inflammation? Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:40-5. (Pubitemid 46067613)
44. Wildman RP, Kaplan R, Manson JE, Rajkovic A, Connelly SA, Mackey RH, Tinker L, Curb JD, Eaton CB, Wassertheil-Smoller S. Body size phenotypes and inflammation in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011;19:1482-91.
45. Marini MA, Succurro E, Frontoni S, Hribal ML, Andreozzi F, Lauro R, Perticone F, Sesti G. Metabolically healthy but obese women have an intermediate cardiovascular risk profile between healthy nonobese women and obese insulin-resistant women. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2145-7. (Pubitemid 47219439)
46. Meigs JB, Larson MG, Fox CS, Keaney JF, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ. Association of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and diabetes risk phenotypes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2529-35. (Pubitemid 47547788)
47. Katsuki A, Suematsu M, Gabazza EC, Murashima S, Nakatani K, Togashi K, Yano Y, Adachi Y, Sumida Y. Increased oxidative stress is associated with decreased circulating levels of adiponectin in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight men with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006;73:310-4. (Pubitemid 44107592)
48. Aguilar-Salinas CA, García EG, Robles L, Riaňo D, Ruiz-Gomez DG, García-Ulloa AC, Melgarejo MA, Zamora M, Guillen-Pineda LE, Mehta R, et al. High adiponectin concentrations are associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4075-9.
49. Bonora E, Targher G, Alberiche M, Bonadonna RC, Saggiani F, Zenere MB, Monauni T, Muggeo M. Homeostasis model assessment closely mirrors the glucose clamp technique in the assessment of insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care 2000;23:57-63.