The temperament and character profile of a body dysmorphic disorder outpatient sample

Personality and Mental Health

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 284-294

  Mancuso, Serafino G ^a,b   Knoesen, Natalie P ^a   Chamberlain, James A ^c   Cloninger, C Robert ^d   Castle, David J ^a,e  

^a St Vincent's Mental Health   (Australia)

^b SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^c St Vincent's Health   (Australia)

^d WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e ST VINCENT S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867635026     PISSN: 19328621     EISSN: 1932863X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pmh.81     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. APA. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., & Svrakic, D. M. (1991). The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: US normative data. Psychological Reports, 69/3(Pt 1), 1047-1057.
3. Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Wetzel, R. D. (1994). The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): A Guide to Its Development and Use. St. Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality.
4. Cloninger, C. R., Svrakic, D. M., & Przybeck, T. R. (1993). A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50/12, 975-990.
5. Cohen, L. J., Kingston, P., Bell, A., Kwon, J., Aronowitz, B., & Hollander, E. (2000). Comorbid personality impairment in body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41/1, 4-12.
6. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1989). The NEO-PI/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
7. Crerand, C. E., Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., & Fay, C. (2005). Nonpsychiatric medical treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics, 46/6, 549-555.
8. Dufresne, R. G., Phillips, K. A., Vittorio, C. C., & Wilkel, C. S. (2001). A screening questionnaire for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatologic surgery practice. Dermatologic Surgery, 27/5, 457-462.
9. Eisen, J. L., Phillips, K. A., Baer, L., Beer, D. A., Atala, K. D., & Rasmussen, S. A. (1998). The Brown assessment of beliefs scale: reliability and validity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155/1, 102-108.
10. Farmer, A., Mahmood, A., Redman, K., Harris, T., Sadler, S., & McGuffin, P. (2003). A Sib-pair study of the temperament and character inventory scales in major depression. American Medical Association, 60, 490-496.
11. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Gibbon, M. (1994). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
12. Frare, F., Perugi, G., Ruffolo, G., & Toni, C. (2004). Obsessivecompulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: a comparison of clinical features. European Psychiatry, 19/5, 292-298.
13. Grant, J. E., Menard, W., & Phillips, K. A. (2006). Pathological skin picking in individuals with body dys morphic disorder. General Hospital Psychiatry, 28/6, 487-493.
14. Grant, J. E., & Phillips, K. A. (2005). Recognizing and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 17/4, 205-210.
15. Gunstad, J., & Phillips, K. A. (2003). Axis I comorbidity in body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44/4, 270-276.
16. Hansenne, M., Reggers, J., Pinto, E., Kjiri, K., Ajamier, A., & Ansseau, M. (1999). Temperament and character inventory (TCI) and depression. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 33/1, 31-36.
17. Jorgensen, L., Castle, D., Roberts, C., & Groth-Marnat, G. (2001). A clinical validation of the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35/1, 124-128.
18. Lyoo, I. N., Lee, D., Kim, Y. S. U., Kong, S. W., & Kwon, J. (2001). Patterns of temperament and character in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 62/8, 637-641.
19. Marteinsdottir, I., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., anderberg, U. M., & Ekselius, L. (2003). Personality dimensions measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in subjects with social phobia. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 57/1, 29-35.
20. Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36/4, 455-470.
21. McKay, D., Neziroglu, F., & Yaryura-Tobias, J. A. (1997). Comparison of clinical characteristics in obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11/4, 447-454.
22. Oosthuizen, P., Lambert, T., & Castle, D. J. (1998). Dysmorphic concern: Prevalence and associations with clinical variables. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 32/1, 129-132.
23. Parker, G., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Parker, K., Malhi, G., Mitchell, P., Wilhelm, K., & Austin, M. P. (2003). An Australian validation study of the temperament and character inventory. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108/5, 359-366.
24. Pavan, C., Vindigni, V., Semenzin, M., Mazzoleni, F., Gardiolo, M., Simonato, P., & Marini, M. (2006). Personality, temperament and clinical scales in an Italian plastic surgery setting: what about body dysmorphic disorder? International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 10/2, 91-96.
25. Phillips, K. A. (1991). Body dysmorphic disorder: the distress of imagined ugliness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148/9, 1138-1149.
26. Phillips, K. A. (2001). Body dysmorphic disorder. In K. A. Phillips (Ed.), Somatoform and Factitious Disorders. (pp. 67-94). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
27. Phillips, K. A. (2002). Body image and body dysmorphic disorder. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body Image: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice (pp. 312-329). New York: Guilford Press.
28. Phillips, K. A. (2005). The Broken Mirror: Understanding and Treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder (Revised and Expanded). New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Phillips, K. A., Atala, K. D., & Pope, H. G. (1995). Diagnostic instruments for body dysmorphic disorder. New Research Program and Abstracts. American Psychiatric Association 148th Annual Meeting.
30. Phillips, K. A., & Diaz, S. (1997). Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185/9, 570-577.
31. Phillips, K. A., Hollander, E., Rasmussen, S. A., Aronowitz, B. R., DeCaria, C., Goodman, W. K. (1997). A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33/1, 17-22.
32. Phillips, K. A., & McElroy, S. L. (1993). Insight, overvalued ideation, and delusional thinking in body dysmorphic disorder: theoretical and treatment implications. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181/11, 699- 702.
33. Phillips, K. A., & McElroy, S. L. (2000). Personality disorders and traits in patients with body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 41/4, 229-236.
34. Phillips, K. A., McElroy, S. L., Keck, P. E., Hudson, J. I., & Pope, H. G. (1994). A comparison of delusional and nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cases. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 30/2, 179-186.
35. Phillips, K. A., McElroy, S. L., Keck, P. E., Jr., Pope, H. G., Jr., & Hudson, J. I. (1993). Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150/2, 302-308.
36. Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., & Fay, C. (2006). Gender similarities and differences in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47/2, 77-87.
37. Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., Fay, C., & Pagano, M. E. (2005). Psychosocial functioning and quality of life in body dysmorphic disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46/4, 254-260.
38. Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. (2005). Demographic characteristics, phenomenology, comorbidity, and family history in 200 individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, 46/4, 317-325.
39. Phillips, K. A., Menard, W., Pagano, M. E., Fay, C., & Stout, R. L. (2006). Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: Clinical features and course of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40/2, 95-104.
40. Phillips, K. A., Quinn, G., & Stout, R. L. (2008). Functional impairment in body dysmorphic disorder: A prospective, follow-up study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42/9, 701-707.
41. Phillips, K. A., & Taub, S. L. (1995). Skin picking as a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 31/2, 279-288.
42. Rosen, J. C., & Ramirez, E. (1998). A comparison of eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder on body image and psychological adjustment. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 44/3-4, 441-449.
43. Rosen, J. C., & Reiter, J. (1996). Development of the body dysmorphic disorder examination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34/9, 755-766.
44. Smith, M., Cloninger, C., Harms, M., & Csernansky, J. (2008). Temperament and character as schizophreniarelated endophenotypes in non-psychotic siblings. Schizophrenia Research, 104/1-3, 198-205.
45. Stangier, U., Janich, C., Adam-Schwebe, S., Berger, P., & Wolter, M. (2003). Screening for body dysmorphic disorder in dermatological outpatients. Dermatology and Psychosomatics, 4/2, 66-71.
46. Svrakic, D. M., Cloninger, R., Stanic, S., & Fassino, S. (2003). Classification of personality disorders: implications for treatment and research. In J. C. Soares & S. Gershon (Eds.), Handbook of Medical Psychiatry (pp. 117-148). New York: Marcel Dekker.
47. Svrakic, D. M., Whitehead, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (1993). Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50/12, 991-999.
48. Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
49. Veale, D. (2001). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 7/2, 125-132.
50. Veale, D. (2004). Advances in a cognitive behavioural model of body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 1, 113-125.
51. Veale, D., Boocock, A., Gournay, K., Dryden, W., Shah, F. Willson, R., & Walburn, J. (1996). Body dysmorphic disorder: A survey of fifty cases. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 196-201.
52. Veale, D., & Riley, S. (2001). Mirror, mirror on the wall, who is the ugliest of them all? The psychopathology of mirror gazing in body dysmorphic disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39/12, 1381-1393.
53. Vittinghof, E., Glidden, D. V., Shiboski, S. C., & McCulloch, C. E. (2005). Regression Methods in Biostatistics: Linear, Logistic. New York: Springer.
54. Zimmerman, M., & Mattia, J. I. (1998). Body dysmorphic disorder in psychiatric outpatients: Recognition, prevalence, comorbidity, demographic, and clinical correlates. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39/5, 265-270.
55. Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63-70.