Is there a need for keratinized mucosa around implants to maintain health and tissue stability?

Clinical Oral Implants Research

Volumn 23, Issue SUPPL.6, 2012, Pages 136-146

  Wennström, Jan L ^a   Derks, Jan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Attached mucosa; Dental implants; Keratinized mucosa; Peri implant disease; Peri implant soft tissue; Soft tissue recession

Indexed keywords

KERATIN;

ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; ANIMAL; DENTAL SURGERY; GINGIVA; GINGIVA DISEASE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; MOUTH HYGIENE; MOUTH MUCOSA; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TOOTH IMPLANT; TOOTH PLAQUE; WOUND HEALING;

ALVEOLAR BONE LOSS; ANIMALS; DENTAL IMPLANTS; DENTAL PLAQUE INDEX; DENTAL RESTORATION FAILURE; GINGIVA; GINGIVAL RECESSION; HUMANS; KERATINS; MOUTH MUCOSA; ORAL HYGIENE; PERIODONTAL ATTACHMENT LOSS; PERIODONTAL POCKET; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 84867586835     PISSN: 09057161     EISSN: 16000501     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02540.x     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Adibrad, M., Shahabuei, M. & Sahabi, M. (2009) Significance of the width of keratinized mucosa on the health status of the supporting tissue around implants supporting overdentures. The Journal of Oral Implantology 35: 232-237.
2. Artzi, Z., Carmeli, G. & Kozlovsky, A. (2006) A distinguishable observation between survival and success rate outcome of hydroxyapatite-coated implants in 5-10 years in function. Clinical Oral Implants Research 17: 85-93.
3. Bengazi, F., Wennström, J.L. & Lekholm, U. (1996) Recession of the soft tissue margin at oral implants. A 2-year longitudinal prospective study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 7: 303-310.
4. Block, M.S., Gardiner, D., Kent, J.N., Misiek, D.J., Finger, I.M. & Guerra, L. (1996) Hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical implants in the posterior mandible: 10-year observations. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 11: 626-633.
5. Bouri, A., Bissada, N., Al-Zahrani, M.S., Faddoul, F. & Nouneh, I. (2008) Width of keratinized gingiva and the health status of the supporting tissues around dental implants. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 23: 323-326.
6. Chung, D.M., Oh, T.-J., Shotwell, J.L., Misch, C.E. & Wang, H.-L. (2006) Significance of keratinized mucosa in maintenance of dental implants with different surfaces. Journal of Periodontology 77: 1410-1420.
7. Crespi, R., Capparè, P. & Gherlone, E. (2010) A 4-year evaluation of the peri-implant parameters of immediately loaded implants placed in fresh extraction sockets. Journal of Periodontology 81: 1629-1634.
8. Esper, L.A., Ferreira Junior, S.B., Kaizer, R.F. & Almeida, A.L. (2012) The role of keratinized mucosa in peri-implant health. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 49: 167-170.
9. Heckmann, S.M., Schrott, A., Graef, F., Wichmann, M.G. & Weber, H.P. (2004) Mandibular two-implant telescopic overdentures. Clinical Oral Implants Research 15: 560-569.
10. Kim, B.-S., Kim, Y.-K., Yun, P.-Y., Yi, Y.-J., Lee, H.-J., Kim, S.-G. & Son, J.-S. (2009) Evaluation of peri-implant tissue response according to the presence of keratinized mucosa. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology & Endodontics 107: e24-e28.
11. Krekeler, G., Schilli, W. & Diemer, J. (1985) Should the exit of the artificial abutment tooth be positioned in the region of the attached gingiva? International Journal of Oral Surgery 14: 504-508.
12. Mericske-Stern, R. (1990) Clinical evaluation of overdenture restorations supported by osseointegrated titanium implants: a retrospective study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 5: 375-383.
13. Mericske-Stern, R., Steinlin Schaffner, T., Marti, P. & Geering, A.H. (1994) Peri-implant mucosal aspects of ITI implants supporting overdentures. A five-year longitudinal study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 5: 9-18.
14. Roos-Jansåker, A.-M., Renvert, H., Lindahl, C. & Renvert, S. (2006) Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part III: factors associated with peri-implant lesions. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 33: 296-301.
15. Schrott, A.R., Jimenez, M., Hwang, J.W., Fiorellini, J. & Weber, H.P. (2009) Five-year evaluation of the influence of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant soft-tissue health and stability around implants supporting full-arch mandibular fixed prostheses. Clinical Oral Implants Research 20: 1170-1177.
16. Strub, J.R., Gaberthüel, T.W. & Grunder, U. (1991) The role of attached gingiva in the health of peri-implant tissue in dogs. 1. Clinical findings. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 11: 317-333.
17. Warrer, K., Buser, D., Lang, N.P. & Karring, T. (1995) Plaque-induced peri-implantitis in the presence or absence of keratinized mucosa. An experimental study in monkeys. Clinical Oral Implants Research 6: 131-138.
18. Wennström, J.L., Bengazi, F. & Lekholm, U. (1994) The influence of the masticatory mucosa on the peri-implant soft tissue condition. Clinical Oral Implants Research 5: 1-8.
19. Zigdon, H. & Machtei, E.E. (2008) The dimensions of keratinized mucosa around implants affect clinical and immunological parameters. Clinical Oral Implants Research 19: 387-392.
20. Alpert, A. (1994). A rationale for attached gingiva at the soft-tissue/implant interface: esthetic and functional dictates. Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry 15:356, 358, 360-2 passim; quiz 368.
21. Block, M.S. & Kent, J.N. (1990) Factors associated with soft- and hard-tissue compromise of endosseous implants. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 48: 1153-1160.
22. Brägger, U., Bürgin, W.B., Hämmerle, C.H. & Lang, N.P. (1997) Associations between clinical parameters assessed around implants and teeth. Clinical Oral Implants Research 8: 412-421.
23. Chung, D.M., Oh, T.-J., Lee, J., Misch, C.E. & Wang, H.-L. (2007) Factors affecting late implant bone loss: a retrospective analysis. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 22: 117-126.
24. Gallucci, G.O., Grütter, L., Chuang, S.-K. & Belser, U.C. (2011) Dimensional changes of peri-implant soft tissue over 2 years with single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 38: 293-299.
25. Hanisch, O., Cortella, C.A., Boskovic, M.M., James, R.A., Slots, J. & Wikesjö, U.M. (1997) Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around hydroxyapatite-coated implants. Journal of Periodontology 68: 59-66.
26. Kehl, M., Swierkot, K. & Mengel, R. (2011) Three-dimensional measurement of bone loss at implants in patients with periodontal disease. Journal of Periodontology 82: 689-699.
27. Kim, D.M., Badovinac, R.L., Lorenz, R.L., Fiorellini, J.P. & Weber, H.P. (2008) A 10-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of one-stage dental implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 19: 254-258.
28. Lee, D.-W., Park, K.-H. & Moon, I.-S. (2005) Dimension of keratinized mucosa and the interproximal papilla between adjacent implants. Journal of Periodontology 76: 1856-1860.
29. Lekholm, U., Adell, R., Lindhe, J., Brånemark, P.I., Eriksson, B., Rockler, B., Lindvall, A.M. & Yoneyama, T. (1986) Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. (II) A cross-sectional retrospective study. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 15: 53-61.
30. Martins, M.C., Abi-Rached, R.S.G., Shibli, J.A., Araujo, M.W.B. & Marcantonio, E. (2004) Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around different dental implant surfaces: clinical and radiographic evaluation in dogs. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 19: 839-848.
31. Adell, R., Eriksson, B., Lekholm, U., Brånemark, P.I. & Jemt, T. (1990) Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 5: 347-359.
32. Adell, R., Lekholm, U., Rockler, B., Brånemark, P.I., Lindhe, J., Eriksson, B. & Sbordone, L. (1986) Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures (I). A 3-year longitudinal prospective study. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 15: 39-52.
33. Apse, P., Zarb, G.A., Schmitt, A. & Lewis, D.W. (1991) The longitudinal effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants. The Toronto Study: peri-implant mucosal response. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 11: 94-111.
34. Berglundh, T. (1993). Studies on gingiva and peri-implant mucosa in the dog. Thesis. University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
35. Berglundh, T. & Lindhe, J. (1996) Dimension of the periimplant mucosa. Biological width revisited. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 23: 971-973.
36. Brånemark, P.-I. (1985). Introduction to osseointegration. In: P-Brånemark, I, Zarb, GA & Albrektsson, T, eds. Tissue Integrated Prosteses, 11-76. Chicago: Quintessence.
37. ten Bruggenkate, C.M., Krekeler, G., van der Kwast, W.A. & Oosterbeek, H.S. (1991) Palatal mucosa grafts for oral implant devices. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology & Endodontics 72: 154-158.
38. Buser, D., Weber, H.P. & Lang, N.P. (1990) Tissue integration of non-submerged implants. 1-year results of a prospective study with 100 ITI hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants. Clinical Oral Implants Research 1: 33-40.
39. Cardaropoli, G., Lekholm, U. & Wennström, J.L. (2006) Tissue alterations at implant-supported single-tooth replacements: a 1-year prospective clinical study. Clinical Oral Implants Research 17: 165-171.
40. Chang, M., Wennström, J.L., Ödman, P. & Andersson, B. (1999) Implant supported single-tooth replacements compared to contralateral natural teeth. Crown and soft tissue dimensions. Clinical Oral Implants Research 10: 185-194.
41. Cochran, D. (1996) Implant therapy I. Proceedings of the 1996 World Workshop in Periodontics. Annals of Periodontology 1: 707-791.
42. Jemt, T. & Lekholm, U. (1995) Implant treatment in edentulous maxillae: a 5-year follow-up report on patients with different degrees of jaw resorption. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 10: 303-311.
43. Lang, N.P. & Löe, H. (1972) The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. Journal of Periodontology 43: 623-627.
44. Lekholm, U., Gunne, J., Henry, P., Higuchi, K., Lindén, U., Bergström, C. & van Steenberghe, D. (1999) Survival of the Branemark implant in partially edentulous jaws: a 10-year prospective multicenter study. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 14: 639-645.
45. Linkevicius, T., Apse, P., Grybauskas, S. & Puisys, A. (2009) The influence of soft tissue thickness on crestal bone changes around implants: a 1-year prospective controlled clinical trial. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 24: 712-719.
46. Linkevicius, T., Apse, P., Grybauskas, S. & Puisys, A. (2010) Influence of thin mucosal tissues on crestal bone stability around implants with platform switching: a 1-year pilot study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 68: 2272-2277.
47. Martin, W., Lewis, E. & Nicol, A. (2009) Local risk factors for implant therapy. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 24(Suppl): 28-38.
48. Meffert, R.M., Langer, B. & Fritz, M.E. (1992) Dental implants: a review. Journal of Periodontology 63: 859-870.
49. Quirynen, M., De Soete, M. & van Steenberghe, D. (2002) Infectious risks for oral implants: a review of the literature. Clinical Oral Implants Research 13: 1-19.
50. Rapley, J.W., Mills, M.P. & Wylam, J. (1992) Soft tissue management during implant maintenance. The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry 12: 373-381.
51. Schroeder, A., van der Zypen, E., Stich, H. & Sutter, F. (1981) The reactions of bone, connective tissue, and epithelium to endosteal implants with titanium-sprayed surfaces. Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 9: 15-25.
52. Serino, G. & Ström, C. (2009) Peri-implantitis in partially edentulous patients: association with inadequate plaque control. Clinical Oral Implants Research 20: 169-174.
53. Ten Cate, A.R. (1985). The gingival junction. In: Brånemark, PI, Zarb, GA & Albrektsson, T eds. Tissue Integrated Prostheses. 145-153. Chicago: Quintessence.
54. Ten Cate, A.R. (1994). Oral histology. Development. Structure and function. St. Louis: Mosby. Chapter 3.
55. Zarb, G.A. & Schmitt, A. (1990) The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: the Toronto study. Part III: problems and complications encountered. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 64: 185-194.