Current challenges in imaging of the diabetic foot

Diabetic Foot and Ankle

Volumn 3, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Eser Sanverdi, S ^a   Bilge Ergen, F ^a   Oznur, Ali ^b  

^a HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b GÜVEN HOSPITAL   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Computed tomography; Diabetic foot; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical imaging; Nuclear imaging; Radiology

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL ARTHRITIS; BONE SCINTISCANNING; CALLUS; CELLULITIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIABETIC FOOT; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ECHOGRAPHY; FOOT RADIOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MUSCLE NECROSIS; NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; NEUROARTHROPATHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSTEOMYELITIS; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PYOMYOSITIS; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN ULCER; SOFT TISSUE ABSCESS; SOFT TISSUE DISEASE; SOFT TISSUE SWELLING; TENOSYNOVITIS;

EID: 84867552614     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2000625X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3402/dfa.v3i0.18754     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Lam D, LeRoith D. The worldwide diabetes epidemic. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19: 93-96.
2. Roug IK, Pierre-Jerome C. MRI spectrum of bone changes in the diabetic foot. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81: 1625-1629.
3. Gouveri E, Papanas N. Charcot osteoarthropathy in diabetes: a brief review with an emphasis on clinical practice. World J Diabetes 2011; 2: 59-65.
4. Richard JL, Lavigne JP, Sotto A. Diabetes and foot infection: more than double trouble. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28: S46-S53.
5. Loredo RA, Garcia G, Chhaya S. Medical imaging of the diabetic foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2007; 24: 397-424.
6. Dinh T, Snyder G, Veves A. Current techniques to detect foot infection in the diabetic patient. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2010; 9: 24-30.
7. Loredo R, Rahal A, Garcia G, Metter D. Imaging of the diabetic foot diagnostic dilemmas. Foot Ankle Spec 2010; 3: 249-264.
8. Hartemann-Heurtier A, Senneville E. Diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Diabetes Metab 2008; 34: 87-95.
9. Donovan A, Schweitzer ME. Current concepts in imaging diabetic pedal osteomyelitis. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46: 1105-1124.
10. Nawaz A, Torigian DA, Siegelman ES, Basu S, Chryssikos T, Alavi A. Diagnostic performance of FDG-PET, MRI, and plain film radiography (PFR) for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. Mol Imaging Biol 2010; 12: 335-342.
11. Zgonis T, Stapleton JJ, Girard-Powell VA, Hagino RT. Surgical management of diabetic foot infections and amputations. AORN J 2008; 87: 935-946.
12. Schweitzer ME, Daffner RH, Weissman BN, Bennett DL, Blebea JS, Jacobson JA, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria on suspected osteomyelitis in patients with diabetes mellitus.J Am Coll Radiol 2008; 5: 881-886.
13. Murphy W, Totty W, Destouet J. Musculoskeletal system. In: Lee J, Sagel S, Stanley R, eds. Computed body tomography with MRI correlation. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1989, pp. 899-987.
14. Kapoor A, Page S, LaValley M, Gale D, Felson D. Magnetic resonance imaging tor diagnosing foot osteomyelitis. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 125-132.
15. Rozzanigo U, Tagliani A, Vittorini E, Pacchioni R, Brivio LR, Caudana R. Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of diabetic foot with suspected osteomyelitis. Radiol Med 2009; 114: 121-132.
16. Toledano TR, Fatone EA, Weis A, Cotten A, Beltran J. MRI evaluation of bone marrow changes in the diabetic foot: a practical approach. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2011; 15: 257-268.
17. Palestro C, Love C. Nuclear medicine and diabetic foot infections. Semin Nucl Med 2009; 39: 53-65.
18. Love C, Din AS, Tomas MB, Kalapparambath TP, Palestro CJ. Radionuclide bone imaging: an illustrative review. Radiographics 2003; 23: 341-358.
19. Schauwecker D. The scintigraphic diagnosis of osteomyelitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992; 158: 9-18.
20. Alazraki N, Dries D, Datz F Value of a 24-hour image (four-phase bone scan) in assessing osteomyelitis in patients with peripheral vascular disease. J Nucl Med 1985; 26: 711-717.
21. Ranachowska C, Lass P, Korzon-Burakowska A, Dobosz M. Diagnostic imaging of the diabetic foot. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 2010; 13: 18-22.
22. Poirier JY, Garin E, Derrien C, Devillers A, Moisan A, Bourquet P, et al. Diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot with a 99mTc-HMPAO leucocyte scintigraphy combined with a 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy. Diabetes Metab 2002; 28: 485-490.
23. Quigley AM, Gnanasegaran G, Buscombe JR, Hilson AJ. Technetium-99m-labelled sulesomab (LeukoScan) in the evaluation of soft tissue infections. Med Princ Pract 2008; 17: 447-452.
24. Sousa R, Massada M, Pereira A, Fontes F, Amorim I, Oliveira A. Diagnostic accuracy of combined 99mTc-sulesomab and 99mTc-nanocolloid bone marrow imaging in detecting prosthetic joint infection. Nucl Med Commun 2011; 32: 834-839.
25. Basu S, Zhuang H, Alavi A. Imaging of lower extremity artery atherosclerosis in diabetic foot: FDG-PET imaging and histo-pathological correlates. Clin Nucl Med 2007; 32: 567-568.
26. Keidar Z, Militianu D, Melamed E, Bar-Shalom R, Israel O. The diabetic foot: initial experience with 18F-FDG PET/CT J Nucl Med 2005; 46: 444-449.
27. Kumar R, Basu S, Torigian D, Anand V, Zhuang H, Alavi A. Role of modern imaging techniques for diagnosis of infection in the era of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Clin Microbiol Rev 2008; 21: 209-224.
28. Hopfner S, Krolak C, Kessler S, Tiling R, Brinkbaumer K, Hahn K, et al. Preoperative imaging of Charcot neuroarthropathy in diabetic patients: comparison of ring PET, hybrid PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Foot Ankle Int 2004; 25: 890-895.
29. Regatte RR, Schweitzer ME. Ultra-high-field MRI of the musculoskeletal system at 7.0T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25: 262-269.
30. Ledermann HP, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME. MR image analysis of pedal osteomyelitis: distribution, patterns of spread, and frequency of associated ulceration and septic arthritis. Radiology 2002; 223: 747-755.
31. Schweitzer ME, Morrison WB. MR imaging of the diabetic foot. Radiol Clin North Am 2004; 42: 61-71.
32. Moore TE, Yuh WT, Kathol MH, el-Khoury GY, Corson JD. Abnormalities of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus: findings on MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1991; 157: 813-816.
33. Seok JH, Jee WH, Chun KA, Kim JY, Jung CK, Kim YR, et al. Necrotizing fasciitis versus pyomyositis: discrimination with using MR imaging. Korean J Radiol 2009; 10: 121-128.
34. Panchbhavi V, Hecox S. All that is gas is not gas gangrene: mechanical spread of gas in the soft tissues. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006; 88: 1345-1348.
35. Schulze M, Kotter I, Ernemann U, Fenchel M, Tzaribatchev N, Claussen CD, et al. MRI findings in inflammatory muscle disease and their noninflammatory mimics. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 192: 1708-1716.
36. Boutin R, Brossmann J, Sartoris D, Reilly D, Resnick D. Update on imaging of orthopedic infections. Orthop Clin North Am 1998; 29: 41-66.
37. Ledermann HP, Morrison WB, Schweitzer ME, Raikin SM. Tendon involvement in pedal infection: MR analysis of frequency, distribution, and spread of infection. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 179: 939-947.
38. Sella EJ, Barrette C. Staging of Charcot neuroarthropathy along the medial column of the foot in the diabetic patient. J Foot Ankle Surg 1999; 38: 34-40.
39. Trepman E, Nihal A, Pinzur MS. Current topics review: Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int 2005; 26: 46-63.
40. Marcus CD, Ladam-Marcus VJ, Leone J, Malgrange D, Bonnet-Gausserand FM, Menanteau BP MR imaging of osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy in the feet of diabetics. Radiographics 1996; 16: 1337-1348.
41. Morrison WB, Ledermann HP. Work-up of the diabetic foot. Radiol Clin North Am 2002; 40: 1171-1192.
42. Yuh WT, Corson JD, Baraniewski HM, Rezai K, Shamma AR, Kathol MH, et al. Osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients: evaluation with plain film, 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, and MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152: 795-800.
43. Brower AC, Allman RM. Pathogenesis of the neurotrophic joint: neurotraumatic vs. neurovascular. Radiology 1981; 139: 349-354.
44. Clouse ME, Gramm HF, Legg M, Flood T. Diabetic osteoarthropathy. Clinical and roentgenographic observations in 90 cases. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1974; 121: 22-34.
45. Lipsky BA. Osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 1318-1326.
46. Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Deery HG, Embil JM, Joseph WS, Karchmer AW, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 885-910.
47. Wu JS, Gorbachova T, Morrison WB, Haims AH. Imaging-guided bone biopsy for osteomyelitis: are there factors associated with positive or negative cultures? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188: 1529-1534.
48. Tronco G, Tomas M, Palestro C. Fourphase bone scintigraphy and osteomyelitis: a reevaluation. Clin Nucl Med 1992; 24: 216.
49. Tan PL, Teh J. MRI of the diabetic foot: differentiation of infection from neuropathic change. Br J Radiol 2007; 80: 939-948.
50. Graif M, Schweitzer ME, Deely D, Matteucci T. The septic versus nonseptic inflamed joint: MRI characteristics. Skeletal Radiol 1999; 28: 616-620.