Education and cognitive change over 15 years: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

Volumn 60, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 1847-1853

  Schneider, Andrea L C ^a   Sharrett, A Richey ^a   Patel, Mehul D ^b   Alonso, Alvaro ^c   Coresh, Josef ^a   Mosley, Thomas ^d   Selnes, Ola ^e   Selvin, Elizabeth ^a   Gottesman, Rebecca F ^e  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b IL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

cognition; cognitive reserve; education

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; COGNITION; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEMENTIA; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEGRO; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RACE DIFFERENCE; WORD RECOGNITION;

AGED; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COGNITION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84867513247     PISSN: 00028614     EISSN: 15325415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04164.x     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Riley KP, Snowdon DA, Desrosiers MF, et al. Early life linguistic ability, late life cognitive function, and neuropathology: Findings from the Nun Study. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 26: 341-347.
2. Valenzuela M, Brayne C, Sachdev P, et al. Cognitive lifestyle and long-term risk of dementia and survival after diagnosis in a multicenter population-based cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173: 1004-1012.
3. Whalley LJ, Starr JM, Athawes R, et al. Childhood mental ability and dementia. Neurology 2000; 55: 1455-1459.
4. Valenzuela MJ, Sachdev P,. Brain reserve and cognitive decline: A non-parametric systematic review. Psychol Med 2006; 36: 1065-1073.
5. Plassman BL, Williams JW Jr., Burke JR, et al. Systematic review: Factors associated with risk for and possible prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153: 182-193.
6. Christensen H, Hofer SM, Mackinnon AJ, et al. Age is no kinder to the better educated: Absence of an association investigated using latent growth techniques in a community sample. Psychol Med 2001; 31: 15-28.
7. Valenzuela MJ, Sachdev P, Wen W, et al. Lifespan mental activity predicts diminished rate of hippocampal atrophy. PLoS One 2008; 3: e2598.
8. Glymour MM, Weuve J, Berkman LF, et al. When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? An example with education and cognitive change. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162: 267-278.
9. Singh-Manoux A, Marmot MG, Glymour M, et al. Does cognitive reserve shape cognitive decline? Ann Neurol 2011; 70: 296-304.
10. Muniz-Terrera G, Matthews F, Dening T, et al. Education and trajectories of cognitive decline over 9 years in very old people: Methods and risk analysis. Age Ageing 2009; 38: 277-282.
11. Wilson RS, Hebert LE, Scherr PA, et al. Educational attainment and cognitive decline in old age. Neurology 2009; 72: 460-465.
12. Karlamangla AS, Miller-Martinez D, Aneshensel CS, et al. Trajectories of cognitive function in late life in the United States: Demographic and socioeconomic predictors. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 170: 331-342.
13. Knopman DS, Mosley TH, Catellier DJ, et al. Fourteen-year longitudinal study of vascular risk factors, Apoe genotype, and cognition: The ARIC MRI Study. Alzheimers Dement 2009; 5: 207-214.
14. Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, et al. Presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesions and hypertension, its treatment, and its control ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke 1996; 27: 2262-2270.
15. Wagenknecht LE, Wasserman B, Chambless L, et al. Correlates of carotid plaque presence and composition as measured by MRI: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2: 314-322.
16. Knopman DS, Ryberg S,. A verbal memory test with high predictive accuracy for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 141-145.
17. Wechsler D,. Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1981.
18. Benton AL, Eslinger PJ, Damasio AR,. Normative observations on neuropsychological test performances in old age. J Clin Neuropsychol 1981; 3: 33-42.
19. Blair CK, Folsom AR, Knopman DS, et al. ApoE genotype and cognitive decline in a middle-aged cohort. Neurology 2005; 64: 268-276.
20. Barnes LL, Wilson RS, Hebert LE, et al. Racial differences in the association of education with physical and cognitive function in older blacks and whites. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2011; 66B: 354-363.
21. Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Wilson RS, et al. Education modifies the association of amyloid but not tangles with cognitive function. Neurology 2005; 65: 953-959.
22. Proust-Lima C, Dartigues JF, Jacqmin-Gadda H,. Misuse of the linear mixed model when evaluating risk factors of cognitive decline. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174: 1077-1088.
23. Carlson MC, Erickson KI, Kramer AF, et al. Evidence for neurocognitive plasticity in at-risk older adults: The Experience Corps program. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64A: 1275-1282.