Intersectionality in theory and practice

Intersectionality and Beyond: Law, Power and the Politics of Location

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 124-158

  Goldberg, Suzanne B ^a  

^a The Earth Institute at Columbia University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867481341     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203890882     Document Type: Chapter

References (79)

1. American Civil Liberties Union, Immigrants' Rights Project. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
2. American Civil Liberties Union Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender and AIDS Project, About Us. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
3. Anderson, Ellen (2005) Out of the Closet and Into the Courts: Legal Opportunity Structure and Gay Rights Litigation, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
4. Areheart, Bradley Allan (2006) 'Intersectionality and Identity: Revisiting a Wrinkle in Title VII,' George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal, 17: 199-235.
5. Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund, About AALDEF. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
6. Badgett, M.V. Lee et al. (2007) Bias in the Workplace: Consistent Evidence of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Discrimination. Online. Available HTTP:.
7. Brief of the American Association on Mental Retardation, the American Orthopsychiatric Association, the ARC, the National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems, the National Association for Rights Protection and Advocacy, and the American Network of Community Options and Resources in Support of Respondents, Romer v. Evans (1996) 517 U.S. 620 (No. 94-1039), 1995 WL 17008437.
8. Brief of Amicus Curiae Asian American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. in Support of Petitioners, Nguyen v. INS (2001) 533 U.S. 53 ( No. 99-2071), 2000 WL 1702027.
9. Brief for Amici Curiae Asian American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Japanese American Citizens League, National Council of La Raza and Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund in Support of Respondents, Romer v. Evans (1996) 517 U.S. 620 (No. 94-1039), 1995 WL 17008434.
10. Brief of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, The Asian American Justice Center, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent, Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White (2006) 126 S.Ct. 2405 (No. 05-259), 2006 WL 615159.
11. Brief of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, People for the American Way Foundation, and the Anti-Defamation League as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Tennessee v. Lane (2004) 541 U.S. 509 (No. 02-1667), 2003 WL 22733909.
12. Brief of Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund and Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondent, Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji (1987) 481 U.S. 604 (No. 85-2169) WL 880980.
13. Brief of NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc. (LDF) (2006) Brief for Amicus Curiae. Hernandez v. Robles (2006) 821 N.Y.S. 2d 770. Online. Available HTTP: .
14. Brief of NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Brief for Amicus Curiae, In re Marriage Cases, Case No. S147999 (Cal. S. Ct. Sept. 26, 2007 but not docketed until Oct. 4). Online. Available HTTP:
15. Brief for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, and Women's Legal Defense Fund as Amici Curiae in Support of Respondents, Romer v. Evans (1996) 517 U.S. 620 (No. 94-1039), 1995 WL 17008435.
16. Brief of Amici Curiae National Women's Law Center et al. in Support of the Petitioner, United States v. Virginia (1995), 518 U.S. 515 (No. 94-1941), 1995 WL 703392.
17. Brown-Nagin, Tomiko (2005) 'Elites, Social Movements, and the Law: The Case of Affirmative Action,' Columbia Law Review, 105: 1436-528.
18. Buchanan, James M. (1965) 'An Economic Theory of Clubs', Economica, 32: 1.
19. Catholic League, About Us. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 6 November 2007).
20. Chang, Robert S. and Culp, Jerome McCristal (2002) 'After Intersectionality,' UMKC Law Review, 71: 485-91.
21. Cho, Sumi (2002) 'Understanding White Women's Ambivalence Towards Affirmative Action: Theorizing Political Accountability in Coalitions,' UMKC Law Review, 71: 399-418.
22. Clark, Cindy, Sprenger, Ellen and VeneKlasen Lisa. (2006) Where is the Money for Women's Rights?. Online. Available HTTP: .
23. Conaghan, Joanne (2008), 'Intersectionality and the Feminist Project in Law,' this volume.
24. Council on Foundations (2002) Board Briefing: Duration of Funding. Online. Available HTTP: .
25. Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1989) 'Demarginalizing the Intersection between Race and Sex:A Black Feminist Critique of Anti-Discrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,' University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989: 139-67.
26. Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1991) 'Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence Against Women of Color,' Stanford Law Review, 43: 1241-99.
27. Crooms, Lisa A. (1997) 'Indivisible Rights and Intersectional Identities OR, 'What do Women's Human Rights Have To Do With Race Convention?,' Howard Law Journal, 40: 619-40.
28. Cunningham, E. Christi (1998) 'The Rise of Identity Politics I: The Myth of the Protected Class in Title VII Disparate Treatment Cases,' Connecticut Law Review, 30: 441-501.
29. Currah, Paisley (2006) 'Gender Pluralisms under the Transgender Umbrella,' in Paisley Currah, Richard M. Juang and Shannon Minter Price, eds, Transgender Rights, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
30. Davidson, Jon, Lambda Legal's Analysis of H.B. 3685: Narrow Version of ENDA Provides Weaker Protection for Everyone. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 5 November 2007).
31. Della Porta, Donatella and Diani, Mario (1998) Social Movements: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell.
32. Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
33. Ehrenreich, Nancy (2002) 'Subordination and Symbiosis: Mechanisms of Mutual Support Between Subordinating Systems,' UMKC Law Review, 71: 251-324.
34. Engle, Karen and Danielson, Dan (1995) 'Identity Politics After Identity,' in Karen Engle and Dan Danielson, eds, After Identity: A Reader in Law and Culture, London: Routledge.
35. Frey, Andrew (2006) 'Amici Curiae: Friends of the Court or Nuisances?,' Litigation, 33(1).
36. Gamson, William A. (1961) 'An Experimental Test of a Theory of Coalition Formation,' American Sociology Review, 26: 565.
37. Gilmore, Grant (1977) The Ages of American Law, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
38. Goldberg, Suzanne B. (2002) 'On Making Anti-Essentialist and Social Constructionist Arguments in Court,' Oregon Law Review, 81: 629-61.
39. Goldberg, Suzanne B. (2006) 'Constitutional Tipping Points: Civil Rights, Social Change, and Fact-Based Adjudication,' Columbia Law Review, 106: 1955-2022.
40. Hamilton Krieger, Linda (1995) 'The Content of Our Categories: A Cognitive Bias Approach to Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity,' Stanford Law Review, 47: 1161-248.
41. Hayes, Christopher (2006) The New Funding Heresies. Online. Available HTTP:http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/2697/.
42. Hutchinson, Darren Lenard (2002) 'New Complexity Theories: From Theoretical Innovations to Doctrinal Reform,' UMKC Law Review, 71: 431-45.
43. Konrad, Rachel (2007) 'Diverse Groups File Legal Briefs Endorsing Same-Sex Marriage,' The Mercury News, San Jose: California.
44. Krislov, Samuel (1963) 'The Amicus Curiae Brief: From Friendship to Advocacy,' Yale Law Journal, 72: 694-721.
45. Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, About Lambda Legal. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 12 June 2008).
46. Lax, David A. and Sebenius, James K. (1991) 'Thinking Conditionally: Party Arithmetic, Process Opportunism, and Strategic Sequencing,' H. Peyton Young, ed., Negotiation Analysis, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
47. Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, About LCCR. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
48. Legal Momentum, Mission and Vision Statement. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
49. Levit, Nancy (2002) 'Theorizing the Connections Among Systems of Subordination,' UMKC Law Review,' 71: 227-49.
50. Lopez, Haney (2006) White By Law: The Legal Construction of Race, New York:N.Y.U. Press.
51. Lynch, Kelly J. (2004) 'Best Friends? Supreme Court Law Clerks on Effective Amicus Curiae Briefs,' Journal of Law and Policy, 20: 33-75.
52. McAdam, Doug, McCarthy, John and Zald, Mayer, eds. (1996) Comparative Perspective on Social Movements; Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
53. McCall, Leslie (2005) 'The Complexity of Intersectionality,' Signs Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 30(3): 1771-800.
54. Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, Mission Statement. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
55. Morris, Aldon D. and McClurg Mueller, Carol, eds. (1992) Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press.
56. Murray, Shaulagh (October 18, 2007), 'Quandary Over Gay Rights Bill: Is It Better to Protect Some or None?,' Washington Post, at A23.
57. NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc., Mission Statement. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
58. National Center for Lesbian Rights, About NCLR. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
59. National Legal Foundation. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 6 November 2007).
60. Native American Rights Foundation. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 3 November 2007).
61. Northwest Women's Law Center, How We Make a Difference. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 18 June 2008).
62. Olson, Mancur (1965) The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups Cambridge: Harvard University Press (1971) (rev'd ed.).
63. Phelan, Shane (1994) Getting Specific: Postmodern Lesbianism Politics, Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
64. Pierson, Paul (2000) 'Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics,' American Political Science Review, 94: 251.
65. Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund. Online. Available HTTP:
66. Putnam, Robert D. (2006) Bowling Alone, New York: Simon and Schuster.
67. Stone, Roger Alan (1992) 'The Mass Plaintiff: Public Interest Law, Direct mail Fundraising and the Donor/Client,' Columbia Journal of Law & Social Problems, 25: 197-241.
68. Sylvia Rivera Law Project, Mission. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 21 October 2007).
69. Tarrow, Sidney (1994) Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. The History of the ACLU Women's Rights Project. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 3 November 2007).
71. Thomas More Law Center, About Us. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 6 November 2007).
72. Transgender Legal Defense and Education Fund, About Us. Online. Available HTTP: (accessed 6 November 2007).
73. Travis, Michele A. (2002) 'Perceived Disabilities, Social Cognition, and "Innocent Mistakes,"' Vanderbilt Law Review, 55: 481-579.
74. U.S. Dept. of Labor (2005) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, Washington D.C. 10.S. Government Printing Office.
75. Wax, Amy L. (1999) 'Discrimination as Accident,' Indiana Law Journal, 74:1129-231.
76. Wing, A.K. (2000) Global Critical Race Feminism: An International Reader, New York: New York University Press.
77. Williams, Joan C. (2002) 'Fretting in the Force Fields: Why the Distribution of Social Power Has Proved So Hard to Change,' UMKC Law Review, 71: 493-505.
78. Yoshikawa, Yoko (1998) 'The Heat is on Miss Saigon Coalition,' in David L. Eng & Alice Y. Hom, eds., Q & A: Queer in Asian America, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
79. Young, Marion (1990) Justice and the Politics of Difference, Princeton: Princeton University Press.