Disaster Metrics: A Proposed Quantitative Assessment Tool in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies - The Public Health Impact Severity Scale (PHISS)

PLoS Currents

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Bayram, Jamil D ^a   Kysia, Rashid ^c   Kirsch, Thomas D ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

WATER;

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; DISASTER; EMERGENCY; EMERGENCY SHELTER; FOOD; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; MALNUTRITION; METRIC SYSTEM; MORTALITY; NUTRITION; PUBLIC HEALTH; PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT SEVERITY SCALE; QUANTITATIVE STUDY; RATING SCALE; SANITATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; VIOLENCE; WATER QUALITY;

EID: 84867454854     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21573999     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/4f7b4bab0d1a3     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Inter-Agency Standing Committee Secretariat. Working paper on the definition of complex emergency. December 9, 1994. Geneva, Switzerland.
2. Burkle FM Jr. Lessons learnt and future expectations of complex emergencies. BMJ. 1999;319:422.
3. The Sphere Project- Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response, third edition 2011. Available at http://www.sphereproject.org/component/option,com_docman/task,cat_view/gid,17/Itemid,203/lang,english/. Accessed on March 21, 2012.
4. Field epidemiology (Epicentre)- Médecins Sans Frontieres. Available on-line @ http://epicentre.msf.org/field-epidemiology/field-epidemiology#A. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
5. U.S. Agency for International Development- Bureau for Humanitarian Response Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance. Field Operations Guide for Disaster Assessment and Response. Available on-line @ http://www.usaid.gov/policy/ads/200/fog_v3.pdf. Accessed on March 21, 2012.
6. Initial Rapid Assessment (IRA) Tool. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC). Available at http://www.who.int/hac/network/global_health_cluster/ira_form_v2_7_eng.pdf. Accessed on March 21, 2012.
7. Initial Rapid Assessment (IRA) Guidance Notes. Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC), June 2009. Available at http://www.who.int/hac/network/global_health_cluster/ira_guidance_note_june2009.pdf. Accessed on March 21, 2012.
8. United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Haiti Earthquake: Key Findings from the Multi-Cluster Rapid Initial Situational Assessment for Haiti (January 23 to February 6, 2010). Summary available @ http://oneresponse.info/Disasters/Haiti/Coordination/publicdocuments/Rapid%20Initial%20Needs%20Assessment%20Haiti%20English.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Summary of Initial Rapid Assessment (IRA) Conducted by UN OCHA in Haiti, February 2010. Available @ http://oneresponse.info/Disasters/Haiti/Coordination/publicdocuments/Summary_Report_v_3_5_19_Feb_2010.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
10. Checchi F, Roberts L. Interpreting and using mortality data in emergencies: A primer for non-epidemiologists. Humanitarian Practice Network. Available @ http://www.odihpn.org/documents/networkpaper052.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
11. United Nations High Commission for Refugees. Handbook of emergencies. 1999. Geneva, Switzerland. Available @ http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3bb2fa26b.pdf. Accessed on March 21, 2012.
12. Skinnider M, L Blok. Manual for the Assessment of Health and Humanitarian Emergencies. Médecins Sans Frontieres, Amsterdam, 2002. Available @ http://www.scribd.com/doc/6702027/Msfh-Assessment-Manual. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
13. The International Disaster Database (EM-DAT). Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED). Available @ http://www.emdat.be/criteria-and-definition. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
14. Ascherio A, Chase R, Cote T, et al. Effect of the Gulf War on Infant and Child Mortality in Iraq. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(13):931-936.
15. Howard MJ, Brillman JC, Burkle Jr. FM. Infectious disease emergencies in disasters. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 1996: 14(2):413-421.
16. Waring SC, Brown BJ. The threat of communicable diseases following natural disasters: a public health response. Disaster Manag Response. 2005;3:41-47.
17. World Health Organization. Global Alert and Response (GAR). Cholera in Haiti. Available @ http://www.who.int/csr/don/2010_10_26/en/index.html. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
18. Connolly MA, Gayer M, Ryan MJ, et al. Communicable diseases in complex emergencies: impact and challenges. Lancet. 2004;364 (9449): 1974-1983.
19. United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Haiti Earthquake Situation Report #18, 5 February 2010. Available @ http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWFiles2010.nsf/FilesByRWDocUnidFilename/MUMA-82E896-full_report.pdf/$File/full_report.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
20. United States Geological Survey's (USGS). Earthquake Hazards Program. Magnitude 8.8- OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE. Available @ http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010tfan/#summary. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
21. Fasanoff S. The Bhopal Disaster and the Right to Know. Sot. Ser. Med. 1988;27(10):1113-1123.
22. The SPHERE Project-Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (The Handbook Manual 2004 Revised Edition). Available at http://www.sphereproject.org/content/view/27/84. Accessed March 22, 2012.
23. Pelletier D, Frongillo EA, Habicht JP. Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality. Am J Public Health. 1993;83(8):1130-1133.
24. Pelletier DL, Frongillo EA, Schroeder DJ, et al. The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1995;73(4):443-448.
25. World Health Organization-Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Field Guide on Rapid Nutritional Assessment in Emergencies, 1995. Available @ http://whqlibdoc.who.int/emro/1994-99/9290211989.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
26. World Health Organization. The Management of Nutrition in Major Emergencies, 2000. WHO Geneva: Switzerland. Available @ http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2000/9241545208.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
27. UNHCR/UNICEF/WFP/WHO. Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies, 2002. WHO Geneva, Switzerland. Available @ http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2004/a83743.pdf. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
28. World Food Program (WFP). Food and Nutrition Handbook, 2000. WFP Rome, Italy. Available @ http://foodquality.wfp.org/FoodNutritionalQuality/WFPNutritionPolicy/tabid/362/Default.aspx?PageContentID=537. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
29. Prudhon C. Assessment and Treatment of Malnutrition in Emergency Situations: Manual of Therapeutic Care and Planning for a Nutritional Programme. Action Contre la Faim, 2002. Paris, France.
30. Young H, Borrel A, Holland D, et al. Public nutrition in complex emergencies. Lancet. 2004;364(9448):1899-1909.
31. Médecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). Acute Malnutrition: A highly prevalent, frequently fatal, imminently treatable, neglected disease. International Activity Report. MSF, 2006. Available @ http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/ar/report_print.cfm?id=3228. Accessed on March 11, 2012.
32. Médecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). Niger: What to do next? MSF, February 2006. Available @ http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/publications/article.cfm?id=1744. Accessed on April 11, 2012.
33. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, April 1954. Available @ http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/refugees.htm. Accessed on April 11, 2012.
34. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. The definition of an internally displaced person (IDP). Available @ http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004D404D/(httpPages)/CC32D8C34EF93C88802570F800517610?OpenDocument. Accessed on April 11, 2012.
35. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). UNICEF responds as floods affect over 3 million in north-western Pakistan, August 2010. Available @ http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/pakistan_55400.html. Accessed on April 11, 2012.
36. From Horror to Hopelessness Kenya's Forgotten Somali Refugee Crisis. Human Rights Watch, 2009. Available at http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/kenya0309webwcover_1.pdf. Accessed on April 12, 2012.
37. Fewtrell L, Kaufmann R, Kay D, et al. Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:42-52.
38. Abdelrahman AA, Eltahir YM. Bacteriological quality of drinking water in Nyala, South Darfur, Sudan. Environ Monit Assess. 2011;175(1-4):37-43. Epub 2010 May 18.
39. United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women- Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Available @ http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm. Accessed on April 11, 2012.
40. PeaceWomen. A Special 1325 Anniversary Issue, 2002. Available @ http://www.peacewomen.org/publications_enews_issue.php?id=126. Accessed on April 11, 2012.
41. de Brouwer AM. Supranational Criminal Prosecution of Sexual Violence: The ICC and the Practice of the ICTY and the ICTR. INTERSENTIA, Tilburg, the Hague-Netherlands 2005.
42. Redmond AD. ABC of conflict and disaster: Needs assessment of humanitarian crises. BMJ. 2005;330:1320.
43. Burkle FM Jr. Complex humanitarian emergencies: A review of epidemiological and response models. J Postgrad Med. 2006;52(2):110-115.
44. Salama P, Spiegel P, Talley L, et al. Lessons learned from complex emergencies over past decade. Lancet. 2004;364:1801-1813.
45. Noji EK. Disaster epidemiology: Challenges for public health action. J Public Health Policy. 1992;13(3):332-340.
46. Spiegel PB, Burkle FM Jr., Dey CC, et al. Developing Public Health Indicators in Complex Emergency Response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2001;16(4):281-285.
47. The Johns Hopkins and Red Cross Red Crescent. Public health guide in emergencies, 2008. Available @ http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/health/public_health_guide_in_emergencies.pdf. Accessed on April 11, 2012.