Mindfulness, movement control, and attentional focus strategies: Effects of mindfulness on a postural balance task

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 561-579

  Kee, Ying Hwa ^a   Chatzisarantis, Nikos N L D ^a   Kong, Pui Wah ^a   Chow, Jia Yi ^a   Chen, Lung Hung ^b  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN SPORT UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Approximate entropy; Attentional focus; Mental skills; Motor control; Nonlinear approach; Present moment focus

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867420375     PISSN: 08952779     EISSN: 15432904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.34.5.561     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1996). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interaction. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Aaker, J.L., & Lee, A.Y. (2006). Understanding regulatory fit. JMR, Journal of Marketing Research, 43(1), 15-19.
3. Aherne, C., Moran, A.P., & Lonsdale, C. (2011). The effect of mindfulness training on athletes' flow: An initial investigation. The Sport Psychologist, 25, 177-189.
4. Andersen, M.B., & Mannion, J. (2011). If you meet the Buddha on the football field - tackle him! In D. Gilbourne & M.B. Andersen (Eds.), Critical essays in sport psychology (pp. 173-192). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
5. Bishop, S.R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N.D., Carmody, J.,... Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241.
6. Borg, F., & Laxabåck, G. (2010). Entropy of balance: Some recent results. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 7(1), 38.
7. Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R.M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848.
8. Brown, K.W., & Ryan, R.M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248.
9. Brown, K.W., Ryan, R.M., & Cresswell, J.D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237.
10. Cavanaugh, J.T., Guskiewicz, K.M., Giuliani, C., Marshall, S., Mercer, V.S., & Stergiou, N. (2006). Recovery of postural control after cerebral concussion: New insights using approximate entropy. Journal of Athletic Training, 41(3), 305-313.
11. Cavanaugh, J.T., Guskiewicz, K.M., & Stergiou, N. (2005). A nonlinear dynamic approach for evaluating postural control: New directions for the management of sport-related cerebral concussion. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 35(11), 935-950.
12. Cavanaugh, J.T., Mercer, V.S., & Stergiou, N. (2007). Approximate entropy detects the effect of a secondary cognitive task on postural control in healthy young adults: A methodological report. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 4, 42.
13. Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., & Wally, R. (2010). An external focus of attention enhances balance learning in older adults. Gait & Posture, 32(4), 572-575.
14. Chatzisarantis, N.L.D., & Hagger, M.S. (2007). Mindfulness and the intention-behavior relationship within the theory of planned behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 663-676.
15. Chow, J.Y., & Tan, C. (2009). Enhancing game play in PE and sport: A holistic approach. In N. Aplin (Ed.), Perspectives on physical education and sports science in Singapore: An eye on the Youth Olympic Games 2010 (pp. 106-117). Singapore: McGraw Hill.
16. Djikic, M., Langer, E.J., & Stapleton, S.F. (2008). Reducing stereotyping through mindfulness: Effects on automatic stereotype-activated behaviors. Journal of Adult Development, 15(2), 106-111.
17. Endler, N.S., & Parker, J.D.A. (1992). Interactionism revisited: Reflections on the continuing crisis in the personality area. European Journal of Personality, 6(3), 177-198.
18. Deci, E.L., & Ryan R.M. (n.d.). Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. [Questionnaire]. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/questionnaires/10-questionnaires/50
19. Jaccard, J., & Turrisi, R. (2003). Interaction effects in multiple regression (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
20. Harbourne, R.T., & Stergiou, N. (2009). Movement variability and the use of nonlinear tools: Principles to guide physical therapist practice. Physical Therapy, 89(3), 267-282.
21. Heppner, W.L., Kernis, M.H., Lakey, C.E., Campbell, W.K., Goldman, B.M., Davis, P.J., & Cascio, E.V. (2008). Mindfulness as a means of reducing aggressive behavior: Dispositional and situational evidence. Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 486-496.
22. Gooding, A., & Gardner, F.L. (2009). An investigation of the relationship between mindfulness, preshot routine, and basketball free throw percentage. Journal of Clinical Sports Psychology, 3(4), 303-319.
23. Jackson, S.A., & Eklund, R.C. (2004). The flow scales manual. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
24. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing.
25. Kee, Y.H., & Liu, Y-T. (2011). Effects of dispositional mindfulness on the self-controlled learning of a novel motor task. Learning and Individual Differences, 21, 468-471.
26. Kee, Y.H., & Wang, C.K.J. (2008). Relationships between mindfulness, flow dispositions and mental skills adoption: A cluster analytic approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(4), 393-411.
27. Langer, E.J. (1989). Mindfulness. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.
28. Marchant, D.C., Greig, M., & Scott, C. (2009). Attentional focusing instructions influence force production and muscular activity during isokinetic elbow flexions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(8), 2358-2366.
29. Mills, N., & Allen, J. (2000). Mindfulness of movement as a coping strategy in multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. General Hospital Psychiatry, 22(6), 425-431.
30. Newell, K.M., & James, E.G. (2008). The amount and structure in human movement variability. In Y. Hong & R. Bartlett (Eds.), Routledge handbook of biomechanics and human movement science (pp. 93-104). Oxon: Routledge.
31. Newell, K.M., van Emmerik, R.E.A., Lee, D., & Sprague, R.L. (1993). On postural stability and variability. Gait & Posture, 1(4), 225-230.
32. Peh, S.Y-C., Chow, J.Y., & Davids, K. (2011). Focus of attention and its impact on movement behaviour. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 14(1), 70-78.
33. Pincus, S.M. (1991). Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(6), 2297-2301.
34. O'Halloran, A.M., & Gavin, L. (1994). The role of preferred cognitive style in the effectiveness of imagery training. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 25, 19-31.
35. Schiff, S., Sauer, T., & Chang, T. (1994). Discriminating deterministic versus stochastic dynamics in neuronal activity. Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 29(3), 246-261.
36. Schmit, J.M., Regis, D.I., & Riley, M.A. (2005). Dynamic patterns of postural sway in ballet dancers and track athletes. Experimental Brain Research, 163(3), 370-378.
37. Stergiou, N.E., Buzzi, U.H., Kurz, M.J., & Heidel, J. (2004). Nonlinear tools in human movement. In N.E. Stergiou (Ed.), Innovative analyses for human movement (pp. 63-90). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
38. Stins, J.F., Michielsen, M.E., Roerdink, M., & Beek, P.J. (2009). Sway regularity reflects attentional involvement in postural control: Effects of expertise, vision and cognition. Gait & Posture, 30(1), 106-109 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.04.001.
39. Thomas, J.R., Nelson, J.K., & Silverman, S.J. (2011). Research methods in physical activity (6th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
40. Theiler, J., Eubank, S., Longtin, A., Galdrikian, B., & Farmer, J.D. (1992). Testing for nonlinearity in time series: The method of surrogate data. Physica D. Nonlinear Phenomena, 58(1-4), 77-94.
41. Vaillancourt, D.E., & Newell, K.M. (2000). The dynamics of resting and postural tremor in Parkinson's disease. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111(11), 2046-2056.
42. Wulf, G., & Prinz, W. (2001). Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(4), 648-660.