The zooarchaeology of exclusion and expropriation: Looking up from the lower city in Late Bronze Age Hazor

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 573-585

  Marom, Nimrod ^a   Zuckerman, Sharon ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

Canaanite; Collapse; Hazor; Late Bronze Age; Zooarchaeology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867400511     PISSN: 02784165     EISSN: 10902686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2012.06.002     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Allsen T. The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History 2006, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
2. Altman A. The revolutions in Byblos and Amurru during the Amarna period and their social background. Bar-Ilan Studies in History 1 1978, 3-24. Bar-Ilan University Press, Ramat Gan, Israel. P. Artzi (Ed.).
3. Anderson A. Faunal collapse, landscape change and settlement history in Remote Oceania. World Archaeology 2002, 33:375-390.
4. Badenhorst S., Driver J.C. Faunal changes in farming communities from Basketmaker II to Pueblo III in the San Juan basin of the American southwest. Journal of Archaeological Science 2009, 36:1832-1841.
5. Behrensmeyer A.K. Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering. Paleobiology 1978, 4:150-162.
6. Ben-Tor, A., 2004. Hazor and chronology. Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant XIV, 45-67.
7. Ben-Tor A. Hazor. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 2008, vol. V:1769-1776. Israel Exploration Society and Carta, Jerusalem.
8. Ben-Tor A., Rubiato M.T. Excavating Hazor: did the Israelites destroy the Canaanite city?. Biblical Archaeology Review 1999, 25:22-39.
9. Binford L.R. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths 1981, Academic Press, New York.
10. Bunimovitz S. On the edge of empires - Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BCE). The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land 1995, 320-331. Leicester University, London. T. Levy (Ed.).
11. Bunimovitz S. The problem of human resources in Late Bronze Age Palestine and its socio-economic implications. Eretz-Israel 1996, 25:45-54. [in Hebrew].
12. Burkert W. Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions 1996, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
13. Burkert W. Homo Necans: The Anthropology of Ancient Greek Sacrificial Ritual and Myth 1983, University of California, Berkley.
14. Boessneck J. Osteological differences between sheep (Ovis aries Linné) and goat (Capra hircus Linné). Science in Archaeology 1969, 331-358. Thames and Hudson, London. D. Brothwell, E. Higgs (Eds.).
15. Cribb R. Nomads in Archaeology 1991, Cambridge University, Cambridge.
16. Cribb R. The logic of the herd: a computer simulation of archaeological herd structure. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1987, 6:376-415.
17. Croft P. The animal remains. The Renewed Archaeological Excavation at Lachish (1973-1994) 2004, 2254-2348. Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv. D. Ussishkin (Ed.).
18. Dalfes H.N., Kukla G., Weiss H. Third Millennium BC Climate Change and Old World Collapse 1997, Springer, Berlin.
19. Dalix A.-S., Vila E. Wild boar hunting in the eastern Mediterranean from the 2nd to the 1st millenium BC. Pigs and Humans: 10,000 Years of Interaction 2007, 359-372. Oxford University, Oxford. U. Albarella, K. Dobney, A. Ervynck, P. Rowley-Conwy (Eds.).
20. Davis, S.J.M., 2008. Thou shalt take of the ram...the right thigh; for it is a ram of consecration..." some zoo-archaeological examples of body-part preferences. In: D'Andria, F., De Grossi Mazzorin, J., Fiorentino, G. (Eds.), Uomini, piante e animali nella dimensione del sacro. Universita delgi studi de Lecce, Lecce, pp. 63-70.
21. Dever W.G. The Late Bronze-Early Iron I horizon in Syria-Palestine: Egyptians, Canaanites, 'Sea Peoples' and Proto-Israelites. The Crisis Years: The 12th Century bc-from Beyond the Danube to the Tigris 1992, 99-110. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. W.A. Ward, M.S. Joukowsky (Eds.).
22. Diamond J. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed 2005, Penguin Books, London.
23. Dobney K., Rielly K. A method for recording archaeological animal bones: the use of diagnostic zones. Circea 1988, 5:79-96.
24. Driesch, A. von den, 1976. A Guide to a Measurement of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge.
25. Eisenstadt S.N. Revolution and the Transformation of Societies: A Comparative Study of Civilizations 1978, Free Press, New York.
26. Eisenstadt S.N. The Political Systems of Empires 1963, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick.
27. Emery K.F. Dietary, Environmental, and Societal Implications of Ancient Maya Animal Use in the Pétexbatun: A Zooarchaeological Perspective on the Collapse 2010, Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville.
28. Emery K.F., Thornton E.K. Zooarchaeological habitat analysis of ancient Maya landscape changes. Journal of Ethnobiology 2008, 28:154-178.
29. Emery K.F. The noble beast: status and differential access to animals in the Maya world. World Archaeology 2003, 34:498-515.
30. Firmage E. Zoology. The Anchor Bible Dictionary 1992, 1109-1167. Doubleday, New York. D.N. Freedman (Ed.).
31. Flannery K.V. The cultural evolution of civilizations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1972, 3:399-426.
32. Fleming D.E. Time at Emar: The Cultic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner's House 2000, Eisenbrauns, Winnona Lake.
33. Gibbon E. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 1946, Heritage Press, New York.
34. Giddens A. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration 1984, University of California, Berkley.
35. Grant A. The use of tooth wear as a guide to the age of domestic ungulates. Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites 1982, 91-108. BAR Reports, Oxford. B. Wilson, C. Grigson, S. Payne (Eds.).
36. Greer, J.S., 2011. Dinner at Dan: A Biblical and Archaeological Exploration of Sacred Feasting at Iron Age II Tel Dan. Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania. Ph.D.
37. Hall M. The role of cattle in southern African agropastoral societies: more than bones alone can tell. Goodwin Series 1986, 5:83-87.
38. Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D. PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 2001, 4.
39. Hayden, B., 2001. Fabulous feasts: a prolegomenon to the importance of feasting. In: Dietler, M., Hayden, B. (Eds.), Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, pp. 23-64.
40. Heinrich J. Cooperation, punishment, and the evolution of human institutions. Science 2006, 312:60-61.
41. Hellwing S.S., Gophna R. The animal remains from the Early and Middle Bronze Ages at Tel Aphek and Tel Dalit: a comparative study. Tel Aviv 1984, 11:48-59.
42. Higgs E., White P. Autumn killing. Antiquity 1963, 37:282-289.
43. Jones K.T., Metcalfe D. Bare bones archaeology: bone marrow indices and efficiency. Journal of Archaeological Science 1988, 15:415-423.
44. Klein R.G., Cruz-Uribe K. The Analysis of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites 1984, Chicago University, Chicago.
45. Kolska-Horwitz L. The contribution of zooarchaeology to the identification of ritual sites. The Practical Impact of Science on Near Eastern and Aegean Archaeology 1999, 63-69. Archetype Publications, London. S. Pike, S. Gitin (Eds.).
46. Lev-Tov, J.S.E., McGeough, K., 2007. Examing feasting in Late Bronze Age Syro-Palestine through ancient texts and bones. In: Twiss, K.C. (Ed.), The Archaeology of Food and Identity. Southern Illinois University, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper No.34, pp. 85-111.
47. Lister A. The morphological distinction between bones and teeth of fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus). International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 1996, 6:119-143.
48. Lundelius E.L. Non-human bone material. Tel Yin'am I: The Late Bronze Age 2003, 255-264. University of Texas, Austin. H.A. Liebowitz (Ed.).
49. Luschan von F. Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli 1902, Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer, Berlin.
50. Lyman R.L. Quntitative Paleozoology 2008, Cambridge University, Cambridge.
51. Lyman R.L. Bone density and differential survivorship of fossil classes. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1984, 259-299.
52. MacKinnon M. "Left" is "right": the symbolism behind side choice among ancient animal sacrifices. Anthropological Approaches to Zooarchaeology: Complexity, Colonialism, and Animal Transformations 2010, 250-258. Oxbow Books, Oxford. D. Campana, P.J. Crabtree, S.D. deFrance, J.S.E. Lev-Tov, A. Choyke (Eds.).
53. Marom, N., in press-a. Analysis of animal bones from selected contexts in Tel Rehov. Mazar, A. (Ed.), Tel Rehov. Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem.
54. Marom, N., in press-b. Animal remains in Areas 5 and 6. In: Schloen, J.D., Fink, A.S. (Eds.), Samal I. Oriental Institute Publications, Chicago.
55. Marom, N., 2012. Animals and Society in the Neolithic Settlement at Sha'ar Hagolan. University of Haifa, Haifa. Ph.D.
56. Marom N., Bar-Oz G. Culling profiles: the indeterminacy of archaeozoological data to survivorship curve modelling of sheep and goat herd maintenance strategies. Journal of Archaeological Science 2009, 36:1184-1187.
57. Marom, N., Bar-Oz, G., 2009b. 'Man-made oases': neolithic patterns of wild ungulate exploitation and their consequences for the domestication of pigs and cattle. Before Farming 2009(1) (article 1).
58. Marshall F., Pilgram T. Meat versus within-bone nutrients: another look at the meaning of body part representation in archaeological sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 1991, 18:149-163.
59. McAnany P.A., Yoffee N. Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability, and the Aftermath of Empire 2010, Cambridge University, New York.
60. McGovern T.H. Cows, harp seals, and churchbells: adaptation and extinction in Norse Greenland" Human Ecology 1980, 8:245-275.
61. McGovern T.H., Amorosi T., Perdikaris S., Woollet J. Vertebrate zooarchaeology of Sandnes V51: economic change at a chieftain's farm in west Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 1996, 33:94-121.
62. Mendenhall G.E. The Hebrew conquest of Palestine. The Biblical Archaeologist 1962, 25:66-87.
63. Metcalfe D., Jones K.T. A reconsideration of animal body part utility indices. American Antiquity 1988, 53:486-504.
64. Monchot H., Mashkour M., Vigne J.-D. Kernel smoothing and mixture analysis for the determination of the sex ratios at death, at the beginning of domestication of ungulates. First Steps of Animal Domestication: New Archaeozoological Approaches 2005, 55-60. Oxbow, Oxford. J.-D. Vigne, J. Peters, D. Helmer (Eds.).
65. Munro N.D., Bar-Oz G. Gazelle bone fat processing in the Levantine Epipalaeolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science 2005, 32:223-239.
66. Niven L., Steele T., Finke H. 3D Comparative Animal Skeletons 2009, Max Planck Institute, Leipzig.
67. Noddle B. Ages of epiphyseal closure in feral and domestic goats and ages of dental eruption. Journal of Archaeological Science 1974, 1:195-204.
68. O'Connor T.P. On the difficulty of detecting seasonal slaughtering of sheep. Environmental Archaeology 1998, 3:5-11.
69. Outram A.K. Comparing levels of subsistence stress amongst Norse settlers in Iceland and Greenland using levels of bone fat exploitation as an indicator. Environmental Archaeology 2003, 8:119-128.
70. Pardee D. A new Aramaic inscription from Zincirli. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 2009, 356:51-71.
71. Payne S. Partial recovery and sample bias. Archaeozoological Studies 1975, 7-17. Elsevier, New-York. A.T. Clason (Ed.).
72. Payne S. Kill-off patterns in sheep and goats: the mandibles from Aşvan Kale. Anatolian Studies 1973, 23:281-303.
73. Raban-Gerstel N., Bar-Oz G., Zohar I., Sharon I., Gilboa A. Early iron age dor (Israel): a faunal perspective. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 2008, 349:25-59.
74. Rainey A.F. Unruly elements in Late Bronze Canaanite society. Pomegranates and Golden Bells 1995, 481-496. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana. D.P. Wright, D.N. Freedman, A. Hurvitz (Eds.).
75. Rappaport R.A. Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity 1997, Cambridge University, Cambridge.
76. Redding, R.W., 1981. Decision Making in Subsistence Herding of Sheep and Goats in the Middle East. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Ph.D.
77. Reid A. Cattle herds and the redistribution of cattle resources. World Archaeology 1996, 28:43-57.
78. Rixson D. Butchery evidence on animal bones. Circaea 1989, 6:49-62.
79. Santley R.S., Killion T.W., Lycett M.T. On the Maya collapse. Journal of Anthropological Research 1986, 42:123-159.
80. Schollmeyer K.G. Large game, agricultural land, and settlement pattern change in the eastern Mimbres area, southwest New Mexico. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2011, 30:402-415.
81. Spengler, O., 1926. The Decline of the West. A.A. Knopf, New York.
82. Stein G. Herding strategies in Neolithic Gritille: the use of animal bone remains to reconstruct ancient economic systems. Expedition 1986, 28:35-42.
83. Stocker S.R., Davis J.L. Animal sacrifice, archives, and feasting at the Palace of Nestor. Hesperia 2004, 73:179-195.
84. Tainter J.A. Archaeology of overshoot and collapse. Annual Review of Anthropology 2006, 35:59-74.
85. Tainter J.A. Problem solving: complexity, history, sustainability. Population & Environment 2000, 22:3-41.
86. Tainter J.A. The Collapse of Complex Societies 1988, Cambridge University, Cambridge.
87. Tamar, K., Marom, N., Raban-Gerstel, N., in press. The faunal remains from Tel Rehov, 2003-2005 seasons. In: Mazar, A. (Ed.), Tel Rehov, vol.1. Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem.
88. Toynbee A. A Study of History 1934, Oxford University, London.
89. Villa P., Mahieu E. Breakage patterns of human long bones. Journal of Human Evolution 1991, 21:27-48.
90. The Crisis Years: The 12th Century BC 1992, Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque. W. Ward, M. Sharp-Jukowsky (Eds.).
91. Weinstein J. The Egyptian empire in Palestine: a reassessment. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 1981, 242:1-28.
92. Weiss H., Bradley R.S. What drives societal collapse?. Science 2001, 291:609-610.
93. Yadin Y. Hazor - The Schweich Lectures of the British Academy 1970 1972, Oxford University, London.
94. Yoffee N., Cowgill G.L. The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations 1988, University of Arizona, Tucson.
95. Zeder M.A., Lapham H.A. Assessing the reliability of criteria used to identify postcranial bones in sheep, Ovis, and goats, Capra. Journal of Archaeological Science 2010, 37:2887-2905.
96. Zeder M.A. Feeding Cities: Specialized Animal Economy in the Ancient Near-East 1991, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
97. Zuckerman S. Anatomy of a destruction: crisis architecture, termination rituals and the fall of Canaanite Hazor. Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 2007, 20:3-32.
98. Zuckerman S. Slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine...': feasting in Late Bronze Age Hazor. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 2007, 139:186-204.
99. Zuckerman S. Notes and news: the Lower City of Hazor, 2008. Israel Exploration Journal 2008, 58:234-236.
100. Zuckerman S. 'The city, its gods will return there...': towards an alternative interpretation of Hazor's acropolis in the Late Bronze Age. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 2010, 69:163-178.