Vertebrate zooarchaeology of Sandnes V51: Economic change at a Chieftain's farm in West Greenland

Arctic Anthropology

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 94-121

  McGovern, Thomas H ^a   Amorosi, Thomas ^a   Perdikaris, Sophia ^a   Woollett, James ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE; ARCHAELOGICAL EVIDENCE; ECONOMIC CHANGE; MANOR FARM; NORSE SETTLEMENT; VERTEBRATE ZOOARCHAEOLOGY;

GREENLAND;

EID: 0030316938     PISSN: 00666939     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Albrethsen, S. E. 1982 Traeke af den norrøne gaards udvikling paa Grønland. In: Vestnordiske Byggeskikk Gjennom To Tusand Aar, edited by B. Myhre, B. Stoklund, and P. Gjaeder. Stavanger Museum Press, Stavanger.
2. Amorosi, T. 1989 Contributions to the Zooarchaeology of Iceland: Some Preliminary Notes. In: The Anthropology of Iceland, edited by P. Durrenberger and G. Palsson, pp. 203-227. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 1991 Icelandic Archaeofauna: A Preliminary Review. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 272-284. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munskgaard, Kobenhavn. 1992 Climate Impact and Human Response in Northeast Iceland: Archaeological Investigations at Svalbard, 1986-1988. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 101-127. Archetype Publications, University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology. 1996 Icelandic Zooarchaeology: New Data Applied to Issues of Historical Ecology, Cultural Ecology and Global Change. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, City University of New York.
3. Amorosi, T. 1989 Contributions to the Zooarchaeology of Iceland: Some Preliminary Notes. In: The Anthropology of Iceland, edited by P. Durrenberger and G. Palsson, pp. 203-227. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 1991 Icelandic Archaeofauna: A Preliminary Review. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 272-284. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munskgaard, Kobenhavn. 1992 Climate Impact and Human Response in Northeast Iceland: Archaeological Investigations at Svalbard, 1986-1988. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 101-127. Archetype Publications, University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology. 1996 Icelandic Zooarchaeology: New Data Applied to Issues of Historical Ecology, Cultural Ecology and Global Change. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, City University of New York.
4. Amorosi, T. 1989 Contributions to the Zooarchaeology of Iceland: Some Preliminary Notes. In: The Anthropology of Iceland, edited by P. Durrenberger and G. Palsson, pp. 203-227. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 1991 Icelandic Archaeofauna: A Preliminary Review. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 272-284. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munskgaard, Kobenhavn. 1992 Climate Impact and Human Response in Northeast Iceland: Archaeological Investigations at Svalbard, 1986-1988. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 101-127. Archetype Publications, University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology. 1996 Icelandic Zooarchaeology: New Data Applied to Issues of Historical Ecology, Cultural Ecology and Global Change. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, City University of New York.
5. Amorosi, T. 1989 Contributions to the Zooarchaeology of Iceland: Some Preliminary Notes. In: The Anthropology of Iceland, edited by P. Durrenberger and G. Palsson, pp. 203-227. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 1991 Icelandic Archaeofauna: A Preliminary Review. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 272-284. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munskgaard, Kobenhavn. 1992 Climate Impact and Human Response in Northeast Iceland: Archaeological Investigations at Svalbard, 1986-1988. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 101-127. Archetype Publications, University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology. 1996 Icelandic Zooarchaeology: New Data Applied to Issues of Historical Ecology, Cultural Ecology and Global Change. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, City University of New York.
6. Amorosi, T., P. C. Buckland, G. Olafsson, J. P. Sadler, and P. Skidmore 1992 Site Status and the Paleoecological Record: A Discussion of Results from Bessastadir, Iceland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 169-192. Archetype Publications, University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology.
7. Amorosi, T., P. C. Buckland, K. Magnusson, J. P. Sadler, and T. H. McGovern 1994 An Archaeological Examination of the Midden at Nesstofa, Seltjarnarnes, Iceland. In: Whither Environmental Archaeology?, edited by R. Luff and P. A. Rowley-Conwy, pp. 69-80. Oxbow Publications 38. Oxford.
8. Amorosi, T., and T. H. McGovern 1994 Appendix 4: A Preliminary Report of an Archaeofauna from Granastadir, Eyjafjardarsysla, Northern Iceland. In: The Settlement of Iceland; A Critical Approach: Granastadir and the Ecological Heritage, by B. F. Einarsson. Series B, Gothenburg Archaeological Thesis No. 4. Gothenburg University, Sweden.
9. Amorosi, T., J. Woollett, S. Perdikaris, and T. H. McGovern 1996 Regional Zooarchaeology and Global Change: Problems and Potentials. World Archaeology. In press.
10. Andreasen, Claus, and Jette Arneborg 1992 Gaarden under Sandet: Nye nordboundersøgelser I Vesterbygden. Grønlandsk Kulture og Samfunds Forskning 92:11-49.
11. Arneborg, Jette 1984 Felt VII, Ruin beliggende pa vigens østside. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1985 Nordboarkaeologiske undersøgelser ved Kilaarsarfik I norboernes Vesterbygd. Forskning I Grønland/Tusaat 2(85):2-9. 1991a The Niaquussat Excavations Reconsidered: A Contribution to the Discussion of the Stratigraphy of the Midden at the Norse Niaquussat Farm. Acta Borealia 1 (1991):82-82. 1991b The Roman Church in Norse Greenland. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 142-150. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munksgaard, Kobenhavn. 1993 Contact between Eskimos and Norsemen in Greenland. Tvaerfaglige Vikingsymposium 13, Lund.
12. Arneborg, Jette 1984 Felt VII, Ruin beliggende pa vigens østside. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1985 Nordboarkaeologiske undersøgelser ved Kilaarsarfik I norboernes Vesterbygd. Forskning I Grønland/Tusaat 2(85):2-9. 1991a The Niaquussat Excavations Reconsidered: A Contribution to the Discussion of the Stratigraphy of the Midden at the Norse Niaquussat Farm. Acta Borealia 1 (1991):82-82. 1991b The Roman Church in Norse Greenland. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 142-150. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munksgaard, Kobenhavn. 1993 Contact between Eskimos and Norsemen in Greenland. Tvaerfaglige Vikingsymposium 13, Lund.
13. Arneborg, Jette 1984 Felt VII, Ruin beliggende pa vigens østside. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1985 Nordboarkaeologiske undersøgelser ved Kilaarsarfik I norboernes Vesterbygd. Forskning I Grønland/Tusaat 2(85):2-9. 1991a The Niaquussat Excavations Reconsidered: A Contribution to the Discussion of the Stratigraphy of the Midden at the Norse Niaquussat Farm. Acta Borealia 1 (1991):82-82. 1991b The Roman Church in Norse Greenland. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 142-150. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munksgaard, Kobenhavn. 1993 Contact between Eskimos and Norsemen in Greenland. Tvaerfaglige Vikingsymposium 13, Lund.
14. Arneborg, Jette 1984 Felt VII, Ruin beliggende pa vigens østside. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1985 Nordboarkaeologiske undersøgelser ved Kilaarsarfik I norboernes Vesterbygd. Forskning I Grønland/Tusaat 2(85):2-9. 1991a The Niaquussat Excavations Reconsidered: A Contribution to the Discussion of the Stratigraphy of the Midden at the Norse Niaquussat Farm. Acta Borealia 1 (1991):82-82. 1991b The Roman Church in Norse Greenland. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 142-150. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munksgaard, Kobenhavn. 1993 Contact between Eskimos and Norsemen in Greenland. Tvaerfaglige Vikingsymposium 13, Lund.
15. Arneborg, Jette 1984 Felt VII, Ruin beliggende pa vigens østside. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1985 Nordboarkaeologiske undersøgelser ved Kilaarsarfik I norboernes Vesterbygd. Forskning I Grønland/Tusaat 2(85):2-9. 1991a The Niaquussat Excavations Reconsidered: A Contribution to the Discussion of the Stratigraphy of the Midden at the Norse Niaquussat Farm. Acta Borealia 1 (1991):82-82. 1991b The Roman Church in Norse Greenland. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow, pp. 142-150. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munksgaard, Kobenhavn. 1993 Contact between Eskimos and Norsemen in Greenland. Tvaerfaglige Vikingsymposium 13, Lund.
16. Arneborg, Jette, and Joel Berglund 1993 Gaarden under Sandet. Forskning I Grønland/Tusaat 4(93):7-19.
17. Barlow, L. L. 1994 Evaluation of Seasonal Scale Deuterium and Deuterium Excess Signals, GISP2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland, AD 1270-1985. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Colorado. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.
18. Barlow, Lisa, P. C. Buckland, T. H. McGovern, A. Ogilvie, and P. Skidmore 1995 Dogs, Doors and Thresholds: Climate Change and the Death of the Norse Western Settlement in Greenland. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for American ArcFhaeology, Minneapolis.
19. Barrett, James 1995 Few Know an Earl in Fishing Clothes. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow.
20. Berglund, Joel 1986 The Decline of the Norse Settlements in Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 23(1-2):109-137.
21. Bigelow, G. R. 1984 Subsistence in Late Norse Shetland: An Investigation into a Northern Island Economy of the Middle Ages. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge.
22. Binford, L. R. 1976 Nunamiut Ethnoarchaeology. Academic Press, New York.
23. Blehr, Otto 1982 Naar vill reinen loper dit du vil: en fangstmetode, og det spor efter den i dag kan fortelle om fortidens jegersamfunn. Tromura 1:1-29.
24. Bruun, Daniel 1917 Oversigt over nordboruiner i Godthaab og Frederikshaab Distrikter. Meddelelser om Grønland 56(2). 1918 The Icelandic Colonization of Greenland and the Finding of Vineland. Meddelelser om Grønland 57(3).
25. Bruun, Daniel 1917 Oversigt over nordboruiner i Godthaab og Frederikshaab Distrikter. Meddelelser om Grønland 56(2). 1918 The Icelandic Colonization of Greenland and the Finding of Vineland. Meddelelser om Grønland 57(3).
26. Buckland, P. C., Gudrun Sveinbjarnardottir, Diane Savory, T. H. McGovern, Peter Skidmore, and Claus Andreasen 1983 Norsemen at Nipaitsoq, Greenland: A Paleoecological Investigation. Norwegian Archaeological Review 16(2):86-89.
27. Buckland, P. C., J. Sadler, and D. Smith 1992 An Insect's Eye View of the Norse Farm. In: Proceedings of the 11th Viking Congress, edited by C. Batey. University of Glasgow Press, Kirkwall.
28. Buckland, Paul C., and D. W. Perry 1989 Piss, Parasites, and People: A Paleoecological Perspective. Hikuin 15:59-74.
29. Buckland, P. C., T. H. McGovern, J. P. Sadler, and P. Skidmore 1994 Twig Layers, Floors and Middens: Recent Paleoecological Research in the Western Settlement, Greenland. In: Proceedings of the 22nd Viking Congress, edited by B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke, pp. 132-143. Birka Studies 3. Stockholm.
30. Buckland, P., T. Amorosi, L. Barlow, P. Mayewski, T. H. McGovern, A. Ogilvie, and P. Skidmore 1995 Climate Change, Bioarchaeology and the End of Norse Greenland. Antiquity. In press.
31. Christensen, K. M. B. 1991 Aspects of the Norse Economy in the Western Settlement of Greenland. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munskgaard, Kobenhavn.
32. Crumley, C. (Editor) 1994 Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.
33. Degerbøl, Magnus 1929 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Gardar, Greenland. Meddelelser om Grenland 76(1). 1934 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Brattahlid. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(1). 1936 Animal Remains from the West Settlement in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 The Osseous Material from Austmannadal and Tungmeralik. Meddelelser om Grønland 89(1). 1943 Animal Bones from Inland Farms in the East Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland 90(3).
34. Degerbøl, Magnus 1929 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Gardar, Greenland. Meddelelser om Grenland 76(1). 1934 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Brattahlid. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(1). 1936 Animal Remains from the West Settlement in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 The Osseous Material from Austmannadal and Tungmeralik. Meddelelser om Grønland 89(1). 1943 Animal Bones from Inland Farms in the East Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland 90(3).
35. Degerbøl, Magnus 1929 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Gardar, Greenland. Meddelelser om Grenland 76(1). 1934 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Brattahlid. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(1). 1936 Animal Remains from the West Settlement in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 The Osseous Material from Austmannadal and Tungmeralik. Meddelelser om Grønland 89(1). 1943 Animal Bones from Inland Farms in the East Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland 90(3).
36. Degerbøl, Magnus 1929 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Gardar, Greenland. Meddelelser om Grenland 76(1). 1934 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Brattahlid. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(1). 1936 Animal Remains from the West Settlement in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 The Osseous Material from Austmannadal and Tungmeralik. Meddelelser om Grønland 89(1). 1943 Animal Bones from Inland Farms in the East Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland 90(3).
37. Degerbøl, Magnus 1929 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Gardar, Greenland. Meddelelser om Grenland 76(1). 1934 Animal Bones from the Norse Ruins at Brattahlid. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(1). 1936 Animal Remains from the West Settlement in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 The Osseous Material from Austmannadal and Tungmeralik. Meddelelser om Grønland 89(1). 1943 Animal Bones from Inland Farms in the East Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland 90(3).
38. Einarsson, B. F. 1994 The Settlement of Iceland; A Critical Approach: Granastadir and the Ecological Heritage. Series B, Gothenburg Archaeological Thesis No. 4. Gothenburg University, Sweden.
39. Elling, Henrik 1986 Sandnes Archaeological Rescue Project 1984: beretning over de arkaeologiske undersøgelser af de palaeo-eskimoiske pladser FM 64V2, III-99 og FM 64V2, III-100. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1992 The Paleo-Eskimo Cultures in Northern Greenland and Northeastern Greenland in Relation to the West Greenlandic Cultures. Paper presented at the symposium, "Paleo-Eskimo Cultures of Greenland - New Perspectives in Greenlandic Archaeology," University of Copenhagen, 1992.
40. Elling, Henrik 1986 Sandnes Archaeological Rescue Project 1984: beretning over de arkaeologiske undersøgelser af de palaeo-eskimoiske pladser FM 64V2, III-99 og FM 64V2, III-100. Research report on file at the Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk. 1992 The Paleo-Eskimo Cultures in Northern Greenland and Northeastern Greenland in Relation to the West Greenlandic Cultures. Paper presented at the symposium, "Paleo-Eskimo Cultures of Greenland - New Perspectives in Greenlandic Archaeology," University of Copenhagen, 1992.
41. Fredskild, Bent 1988 Agriculture in a Marginal Area: South Greenland AD 985-1985. In: The Cultural Landscape, Past, Present, and Future, edited by H. J. B. Birks, et al., pp. 381-393. Cambridge University Press. 1992 Agriculture in Southwest Greenland in the Norse Period (A.D. 982-C.1450). PACT 31.
42. Fredskild, Bent 1988 Agriculture in a Marginal Area: South Greenland AD 985-1985. In: The Cultural Landscape, Past, Present, and Future, edited by H. J. B. Birks, et al., pp. 381-393. Cambridge University Press. 1992 Agriculture in Southwest Greenland in the Norse Period (A.D. 982-C.1450). PACT 31.
43. Fredskild, Bent, and Lilli Humle 1991 Paleobotanical Research at Sandnes 1984. Acta Borealia 14(2):121-136.
44. Gilbert, A., and B. Singer 1982 Reassessing Zooarchaeological Quantification. World Archaeology 14(1):329-351.
45. Grayson, D. 1984 Quantitative Zooarchaeology: Topics in the Analysis of Archaeological Faunas. Academic Press, New York.
46. Gulløv, H. C. 1983 Nu up kommuneani qangarnitsanik eqqaassutit inuit-kulturip nunaqarfii. Kalaallit Nunaata Katersugaasivia and Nationalmuseet, Nuuk.
47. Gulløv, H. C., and Hans Kapel 1988 De palaeoeskimoiske kulturer i Nuuk Kommune. In: Palaeoeskimosike Forskining i Grønland, edited by T. Møbjerg, Bjarne Gronnøw, and Helge Schultz-Lorentzen, pp. 39-58. Aarhus University Press, Aarhus.
48. Hillson, Simon 1992 Mammal Bones and Teeth. Institute of Archaeology, University College, London.
49. Hood, Bryan 1986 The Exploitation of Animal Populations: Demographic Models and Seasonality Determination with an Application to Norse Greenland. Report on file at the Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Greenlandic Museum and Archives, Nuuk.
50. Ingimundarson, Jon Haukur 1995 Of Sagas and Sheep: Towards a Historical Anthropology of Social Change and Production for Market, Subsistence and Tribute in Early Iceland (10th-13th centuries). Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.
51. Keller, Christian 1991 Vikings in the West Atlantic. A Model for Norse Greenland Medieval Society. In: The Norse of the North Atlantic: Archaeology, Biology and Cultural Ecology of the Medieval Scandinavian Settlements, edited by G. F. Bigelow. Acta Archaeologica 61. Munskgaard, Kobenhavn.
52. Kirsch, Patrick V. 1992 Chiefship and Competitive Involution: The Marquesas Islands of Eastern Polynesia. In: Chiefdoms, Power, Economy and Ideology, edited by T. Earle, pp. 119-145. SAR Seminar Series, Cambridge University Press.
53. Lyaendecker, Dosia 1986 Analyses of Wood Samples from the Sandnes Archaeological Rescue Project. Research report on file at the Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, and Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk.
54. Lyman, R. L. 1994 Vertebrate Taphonomy. Cambridge University Press.
55. Lynnerup, Neils 1995 The Greenland Norse: A Biological Anthropological Study. Ph.D. dissertation, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen. 1996 Paleodemography of the Greenland Norse. Arctic Anthropology, this issue.
56. Lynnerup, Neils 1995 The Greenland Norse: A Biological Anthropological Study. Ph.D. dissertation, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen. 1996 Paleodemography of the Greenland Norse. Arctic Anthropology, this issue.
57. McGovern, Thomas H. 1981 The Economics of Extinction in Norse Greenland. In: Climate and History, edited by T. M. L. Wigley, pp. 404-434. Cambridge University Press. 1985a The Arctic Frontier of Norse Greenland. In: The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by S. Green and S. Perlman, pp. 275-323. Academic Press, New York. 1985b Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland. Acta Archaeologica 54:73-122. 1991 Climate, Correlation, and Causation in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 28(2):77-100. 1992a Bones, Buildings, and Boundaries: Paleoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 193-230. Archetype Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow. 1992b The Zooarchaeology of the Vatnahverfi. In: Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement of Greenland, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 93-106. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17.
58. McGovern, Thomas H. 1981 The Economics of Extinction in Norse Greenland. In: Climate and History, edited by T. M. L. Wigley, pp. 404-434. Cambridge University Press. 1985a The Arctic Frontier of Norse Greenland. In: The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by S. Green and S. Perlman, pp. 275-323. Academic Press, New York. 1985b Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland. Acta Archaeologica 54:73-122. 1991 Climate, Correlation, and Causation in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 28(2):77-100. 1992a Bones, Buildings, and Boundaries: Paleoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 193-230. Archetype Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow. 1992b The Zooarchaeology of the Vatnahverfi. In: Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement of Greenland, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 93-106. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17.
59. McGovern, Thomas H. 1981 The Economics of Extinction in Norse Greenland. In: Climate and History, edited by T. M. L. Wigley, pp. 404-434. Cambridge University Press. 1985a The Arctic Frontier of Norse Greenland. In: The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by S. Green and S. Perlman, pp. 275-323. Academic Press, New York. 1985b Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland. Acta Archaeologica 54:73-122. 1991 Climate, Correlation, and Causation in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 28(2):77-100. 1992a Bones, Buildings, and Boundaries: Paleoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 193-230. Archetype Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow. 1992b The Zooarchaeology of the Vatnahverfi. In: Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement of Greenland, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 93-106. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17.
60. McGovern, Thomas H. 1981 The Economics of Extinction in Norse Greenland. In: Climate and History, edited by T. M. L. Wigley, pp. 404-434. Cambridge University Press. 1985a The Arctic Frontier of Norse Greenland. In: The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by S. Green and S. Perlman, pp. 275-323. Academic Press, New York. 1985b Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland. Acta Archaeologica 54:73-122. 1991 Climate, Correlation, and Causation in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 28(2):77-100. 1992a Bones, Buildings, and Boundaries: Paleoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 193-230. Archetype Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow. 1992b The Zooarchaeology of the Vatnahverfi. In: Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement of Greenland, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 93-106. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17.
61. McGovern, Thomas H. 1981 The Economics of Extinction in Norse Greenland. In: Climate and History, edited by T. M. L. Wigley, pp. 404-434. Cambridge University Press. 1985a The Arctic Frontier of Norse Greenland. In: The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by S. Green and S. Perlman, pp. 275-323. Academic Press, New York. 1985b Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland. Acta Archaeologica 54:73-122. 1991 Climate, Correlation, and Causation in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 28(2):77-100. 1992a Bones, Buildings, and Boundaries: Paleoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 193-230. Archetype Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow. 1992b The Zooarchaeology of the Vatnahverfi. In: Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement of Greenland, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 93-106. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17.
62. McGovern, Thomas H. 1981 The Economics of Extinction in Norse Greenland. In: Climate and History, edited by T. M. L. Wigley, pp. 404-434. Cambridge University Press. 1985a The Arctic Frontier of Norse Greenland. In: The Archaeology of Frontiers and Boundaries, edited by S. Green and S. Perlman, pp. 275-323. Academic Press, New York. 1985b Contributions to the Paleoeconomy of Norse Greenland. Acta Archaeologica 54:73-122. 1991 Climate, Correlation, and Causation in Norse Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 28(2):77-100. 1992a Bones, Buildings, and Boundaries: Paleoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland. In: Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic, edited by C. Morris and D. J. Rackham, pp. 193-230. Archetype Publications, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow. 1992b The Zooarchaeology of the Vatnahverfi. In: Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement of Greenland, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 93-106. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17.
63. McGovern, T. H., and T. Amorosi 1989 QuattroBone 3.0. Zooarchaeological Software Program available from NABO, Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Hunter College CUNY, New York.
64. McGovern, T. H., and G. F. Bigelow 1984 The Sandnes Archaeological Rescue Project 1984 - A Preliminary Report. Report on file at the Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Hunter College CUNY, New York, and Greenlandic National Museum and Archives, Nuuk.
65. McGovern, T. H., and Richard Jordan 1982 Settlement and Land Use in the Inner Fjords of the Godthaab District, West Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 19(1):63-80.
66. McGovern, T. H., G. F. Bigelow, T. Amorosi, J. Woollett, and S. Perdikaris 1993 The Zooarchaeology of Ø71a. In: Narsaq - A Norse Landnama Farm, edited by C. L. Vebaek, pp. 58-72. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 18.
67. McGovern, T. H., P. C. Buckland, Gudrun Sveinbjarnardottir, Diana Savory, Peter Skidmore, and Claus Andreasen 1983 A Study of the Faunal and Floral Remains from two Norse Farms in the Western Settlement, Greenland. Arctic Anthropology 20(2):93-120.
68. Meldgaard, Jorgen 1977 Inuit-Nordbo Projektet. Nationalmuseets Arbejsmark 1977, pp. 47-59. Copenhagen.
69. Meldgaard, Morten 1986 The Greenland Caribou - Zoogeography, Taxonomy, and Population Dynamics. Meddelelser om GrØnland, Bioscience 20.
70. Møhl, Jeppe 1982 Ressourceudnyttelse far norrØne og eskimoisk affaldslag beyst gennem knoglematerialet. Grønland (8-9):36-51.
71. Morris, C. D., and C. Batey (Editors) 1995 Freswick, Caithness. NABO Monograph No. 1. University of Glasgow Press.
72. Morris, C. D., and J. Rackham (Editors) 1992 Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic. University of Glasgow/NABO. Archetype Books, Glasgow.
73. NABO 1992-95 North Atlantic Biocultural Organization (NABO) Newsletter. NABO, Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Hunter College CUNY, New York.
74. Noddle, B. 1994 The Under-rated Goat. In: Urban-Rural Connexions: Perspectives from Environmental Archaeology, edited by A. R. Hall and H. K. Kenward, pp. 117-128. Oxbow Monograph 47. Oxford.
75. Nyegaard, Georg 1992 Appendiks 3: Animal Bone. In: Gaarden under Sandet: Nye nordboundersøgelser i Vesterbygden, by Claus Andreasen and Jette Arneborg, pp. 11-49. Grønlandsk Kulture og Samfunds Forskning 92.
76. Olafsson, Gudmundur 1983 Torfbaerinn, far Eldaskala til Burstabaejar. National Museum of Iceland, Reykjavik.
77. Perdikaris, Sophia 1995 The Transition to a Commercial Economy: Lofoten Fishing in the Middle Ages, A Preliminary Report. In: Archaeozoology 1995, edited by A. Sahabi. ICAZ, Contanz, Germany. In press.
78. Rackham, James 1994 Animal Bones. British Museum Press, London.
79. Roussell, Aage 1936 Sandnes and the Neighboring Farms. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 Farms and Churches in the Medieval Norse Settlements of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 86(1).
80. Roussell, Aage 1936 Sandnes and the Neighboring Farms. Meddelelser om Grønland 88(3). 1941 Farms and Churches in the Medieval Norse Settlements of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 86(1).
81. Sadler, Jon P. 1991 The Archaeological and Biogeographical Implications of Fossil Insect Studies on Orkney and Iceland. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Archaeology and Prehistory, University of Sheffield.
82. Skidmore, Peter 1995 A Dipterological Perspective on the Holocene History of the North Atlantic Area. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Sheffield.
83. Speth, J. 1983 Bison Kills and Bone Counts: Decision Making by Ancient Hunters. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
84. Stock, C. 1953 Rancho La Brea: A Record of Pleistocene Life in California. Los Angeles County Museum, Science Series No. 20, Paleontology No. 11.
85. Vebaek, C. L. 1991 The Church Topography of the Eastern Settlement and the Excavation of the Benedictine Convent at Narsarsuaq in the Uunartoq Fjord. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 14. 1992 Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17. 1993 Narsaq - A Norse Landnama Farm. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 18.
86. Vebaek, C. L. 1991 The Church Topography of the Eastern Settlement and the Excavation of the Benedictine Convent at Narsarsuaq in the Uunartoq Fjord. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 14. 1992 Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17. 1993 Narsaq - A Norse Landnama Farm. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 18.
87. Vebaek, C. L. 1991 The Church Topography of the Eastern Settlement and the Excavation of the Benedictine Convent at Narsarsuaq in the Uunartoq Fjord. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 14. 1992 Vatnahverfi: An Inland District of the Eastern Settlement. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 17. 1993 Narsaq - A Norse Landnama Farm. Meddelelser om Grønland, Man and Society 18.