From physical chemistry to quantum chemistry: How chemists dealt with mathematics

Hyle

Volumn 18, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 45-69

  Gavroglu, Kostas ^a   Simões, Ana ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Chemical thermodynamics; Mathematization of chemistry; Ontological status; Physical chemistry; Quantum chemistry; Theoretical entities

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867372918     PISSN: 14335158     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Arndt, F. & B. Eistert 1936, 'Über den Chemismus der Claisen-Kondensation', Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 69, 2381-98.
2. British Association for the Advancement of Science: 1907, Proceedings
3. Coulson, C.A. 1974, Theoretical Chemistry Past and Future, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
4. Gavroglu, K. & A. Simões 1994, 'The Americans, the Germans and the beginnings of quantum chemistry: the confluence of diverging traditions', Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 25, 47-110.
5. Gavroglu, K. & A. Simões 2000, 'One face or many? The role of textbooks in building the new discipline of quantum chemistry', in: A. Lundgren & B. Bensaude-Vincent (eds.), Communicating chemistry: Textbooks and their audiences, 1789-1939, Science History Publications, Canton, pp. 415-49.
6. Gavroglu, K. & A. Simões 2012, Neither Physics nor Chemistry. A History of Quantum Chemistry, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
7. Heisenberg, W. 1926, 'Mehrkörperproblem und Resonanz in der Quantenmechanik', Zeitschrift für Physik, 38, 411-26.
8. Heitler, W. & F. London 1927, 'Wechselwirkung neutraler Atome und homöopolare Bindung nach der Quantenmechanik', Zeitschrift für Physik, 44, 455-72.
9. Hückel, E. 1937a, 'Grundzüge der Theorie ungesättigter und aromatischer Verbindungen', Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, 43, 752-88.
10. Hückel, E. 1937b, 'Grundzüge der Theorie ungesättigter und aromatischer Verbindungen - Fortsetzung', Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, 43, 827-49.
11. Hückel, E. 1957, 'Zur modernen Theorie ungesättigter und aromatischer Verbindungen', Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, 61, 866-90.
12. Hunsberger, I.M. 1954, 'Theoretical Chemistry in Russia', Journal of Chemical Education (October), 504-14.
13. Ingold, C.K.1934, 'Principles of an Electronic Theory of Organic Reactions', Chemical Reviews, 15, 225-74.
14. Kursanov, D.N., M.G. Gonikberg, B. Dubinin, M.I. Kabachnik, E.D. Kaveraneva, E.N. Prilezhaeva, N.D. Sokolov & R.Kh. Freidlina 1952, 'The Present State of the Chemical Structural Theory', Journal of Chemical Education (January), 2-13 (trans. into English by I.S.Bengelsdorf).
15. Lewis, G.N. 1901-1902, 'The Law of Physico-chemical Change, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 37, 49-69.
16. Lewis, G.N. 1907, 'Outline of a New System of Thermodynamic Chemistry', Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 43, 259-93.
17. Lewis, G.N. 1913, 'Valence and Tautomerism', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 35, 1448-55.
18. Lewis, G.N. 1916, 'The Atom and the Molecule', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 38, 762-85.
19. Lewis, G.N. 1923, Valence and the Structure of Atoms and Molecules, The Chemical Catolog Company, New York.
20. Lewis, G.N. 1930, 'The principle of identity and the exclusion of quantum states', Physical Review, 36, 1144-53.
21. Lewis, G.N. & M. Randall 1923, Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances, McGraw-Hill, New York.
22. London, F. 1928, 'Zur Quantentheorie der homoopolaren Valenzzahlen', Zeitschrift für Physik, 46, 455-77.
23. Longuet-Higgins, H.C. 1953, 'An Application of Chemistry to Mathematics', The Scientific Journal of the Royal College of Science, 23, 99-106.
24. Mosini, V. 1999, 'Wheland, Pauling and the Resonance Structures', in: N. Psarros and K. Gavroglu (eds.), Ars mutandi: Issues in philosophy and history of chemistry, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig, pp. 127-43.
25. Mosini, V. 2000, 'A Brief History of the Theory of Resonance and of its Interpretation', Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 31, 564-81.
26. Nye, M.J. 1993, From Chemical Philosophy to Theoretical Chemistry. Dynamics of Matter and Dynamics of Disciplines, 1800-1950, University of California Press, Berkeley.
27. Nye, M.J. 2000, 'Physical and Biological Modes of Thought in the Chemistry of Linus Pauling', Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 31, 475-91.
28. Nye, M.J. 2000a, 'From Student to Teacher: Linus Pauling and the Reformulation of the Principles of Chemistry in the 1930s', in: A. Lundgren and B. Bensaude-Vincent, (eds.), Communicating chemistry. Textbooks and their Audiences, 1789-1939, Science History Publications, Canton, pp. 397-414.
29. Park, B.S. 1999, 'Chemical Translators: Pauling, Wheland and their Strategies for Teaching the Theory of Resonance', British Journal of the History of Science, 32, 21-46.
30. Park, B.S. 2005, 'In the Context of 'Pedagogy': Teaching Strategy and Theory Change in Chemistry', in: Kaiser, D., (ed.), Pedagogy and the Practice of Science. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 287-319.
31. Pauling, L. 1926a, 'The Quantum theory of the dielectric constant of hydrogen chloride and similar gases', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 12, 32-5.
32. Pauling, L. 1926b, 'The Quantum theory of the dielectric constant of hydrogen chloride and similar gases', Physical Review, 27, 568-77.
33. Pauling, L. 1928, 'The Application of quantum mechanics to the structure of the hydrogen molecule and the hydrogen molecule-ion and to related problems', Chemical Reviews, 5, 173-213.
34. Pauling, L. 1931, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond: Application of Results obtained from the Quantum Mechanics and from a Theory of Paramagnetic Susceptibility to the Structure of Molecules', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 53, 1367-1400.
35. Pauling, L. 1931a, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond. II. The One-electron Bond and the Three-electron Bond', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 53, 3225-37.
36. Pauling, L. 1932a, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond. III. The Transition from One Extreme Bond Type to Another', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 54, 988-1003.
37. Pauling, L. 1932b, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond. IV. The Energy of Single Bonds and the Relative Electronegativity of Atoms', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 54, 3570-82.
38. Pauling, L. 1939, The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry, Cornell University Press, New York, 1st edition.
39. Pauling, L. 1954, 'Modern Structural Chemistry', Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1954, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/paulinglecture.html, accessed on 28 July 2011].
40. Pauling, L. 1956, 'The Nature of the Theory of Resonance', in: Sir A. Todd (ed.), Perspectives in Organic Chemistry, dedicated to Sir Robert Robinson, Interscience publishers, New York, pp. 1-8.
41. Pauling, L. 1960, The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An Introduction to Modern Structural Chemistry, Cornell University Press, New York, 3rd edition.
42. Pauling, L. & J. Sherman 1933a, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond. VI. The Calculation from Thermochemical Data of the Energies of Resonance of Molecules among several Electronic Structures', Journal of Chemical Physics, 1, 606-17.
43. Pauling, L. & J. Sherman 1933b, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond. VII. The Calculation of Resonance Energy in Conjugated Systems', Journal of Chemical Physics, 1, 679-686.
44. Pauling, L. & G. Wheland 1933, 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond. V. The Quantum Mechanical Calculation of the Resonance Energy of Benzene and Naphthalene and the Hydrocarbon Free Radicals', Journal of Chemical Physics, 1, 362-374.
45. Pauling, L. & E.B. Wilson 1935, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry, McGraw-Hill: New York.
46. Servos, J. 1990, Physical Chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling, the Making of a Science in America, Princeton University Press: New Jersey.
47. Tatevskii, V.M. & M.I. Shakhparanov: 1952, 'About a Machistic Theory in Chemistry and its Propagandists', Journal of Chemical Education, 29 (January), 13-14, trans. by I.S. Bengelsdorf.
48. Wheland, G.W. 1944, The Theory of Resonance and its Applications to Organic Molecules, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
49. Wheland, G.W. 1955, Resonance in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons New York.