Social Class Identification Among Black Americans: Trends and Determinants, 1974-2010

American Behavioral Scientist

Volumn 56, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 1462-1480

  Hunt, Matthew O ^a   Ray, Rashawn ^b  

^a NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

African Americans; middle class; stratification ideology

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867350025     PISSN: 00027642     EISSN: 15523381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0002764212458275     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Bates T.,Jackson W. E.,Johnson J. J.Introduction: Advancing research on minority entrepreneurship.Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2007;613:10-17.
2. Battle J.,Wright E.W.E.B. DuBois's talented tenth: A quantitative assessment.Journal of Black Studies. 2002;32:654-672.
3. Bobo L.,Hutchings V. L.Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending Blumer's theory of group position to a multiracial social context.American Sociological Review. 1996;61:951-972.
4. Bobo L.,Zubrinsky C. L.Attitudes on residential integration: Perceived status differences, mere in-group preference, or racial prejudice?.Social Forces. 1996;74:883-909.
5. Centers R.The psychology of social classes: A study of class consciousness. London: Taylor & Francis; 1949:.
6. Davis N. J.,Robinson R. V.Class identification of men and women in the 1970s and 1980s.American Sociological Review. 1988;53:103-112.
7. Davis N. J.,Robinson R. V.Do wives matter? Class identities of wives and husbands in the United States, 1974-1994.Social Forces. 1998;76:1063-1086.
8. Dawson M. C.Behind the mule: Race and class in African-American politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1994:.
9. Du Bois W. E. BThe Philadelphia Negro. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press; 1899/1996:.
10. Du Bois W. E. BThe Negro problem: A series of articles by representative Negroes of to-day. New York, NY: James Pott and Company; 1903:.
11. Drake St. C.,Cayton H. R.Black metropolis: A study of Negro life in a northern city. New York, NY: Harper & Rowman; 1945:.
12. Durant T. J.,Sparrow K. H.Race and class consciousness among lower and middle class Blacks.Journal of Black Studies. 1997;27:334-351.
13. Frazier E. F.Black bourgeoisie: The rise of a new middle class. New York, NY: Free Press; 1957/1997:.
14. Gatewood W. B.Aristocrats of color: The Black elite, 1880-1920. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press; 2000:.
15. Grusky D.Social stratification: Class, race, and gender in sociological perspective. Boulder, CO: Westview; 2000:.
16. Hochschild J.Facing up to the American dream: Race, class, and the soul of the nation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1995:.
17. House J. S.Social psychology: Sociological perspectives. Rosenberg M.Turner R. H., ed. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1981:525-561.
18. Hout M.Occupational mobility of Black men: 1962-1973.American Sociological Review. 1984;49:308-322.
19. Hout M.Getting the most out of the GSS income measure. Chicago, IL: NORC; 2004:.
20. Hout M.Social class: How does it work?. Lareau A.Conley D., ed. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation; 2008:25-64.
21. Hughes M.,Tuch S. A.Sears D. O.,Sidanius J,Bobo L.Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1999:165-190.
22. Hunt M. O.The individual, society, or both? A comparison of Black, Latino, and White beliefs about the causes of poverty.Social Forces. 1996;75:293-332.
23. Hunt M. O.African American, Hispanic, and White beliefs about Black/White inequality, 1977-2004.American Sociological Review. 2007;72:390-415.
24. Hunt M. O.,Powell B.,Steelman L. C.,Jackson P. B.Color-blind: The treatment of race and ethnicity in social psychology.Social Psychology Quarterly. 2000;63:352-364.
25. Hwang S. S.,Fitzpatrick K. M.,Helms D.Class differences in racial attitudes: A divided Black America?.Sociological Perspectives. 1998;41:367-380.
26. Jackman M. R.The subjective meaning of social class identification in the United States.Public Opinion Quarterly. 1979;43:443-462.
27. Jackman M. R.,Jackman R. W.An interpretation of the relation between objective and subjective social status.American Sociological Review. 1973;38:569-582.
28. Jackman M. R.,Jackman R. W.Class awareness in the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1983:.
29. Kluegel J.,Singleton R.,Starnes C. E.Subjective class identification: A multiple indicator approach.American Sociological Review. 1977;42:599-612.
30. Kronus S.The Black middle class. Columbus, OH: Merrill; 1971:.
31. Lacy K. R.Blue-chip Black: Race, class, and status in the new Black middle class. Berkeley: University of California Press; 2007:.
32. Landry B.The new Black middle class. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1987:.
33. Landry B.,Marsh K.The evolution of the new Black middle class.American Review of Sociology. 2011;37:373-394.
34. Ligon E.The development and use of a consistent income measure for the general social survey. Chicago, IL: NORC; 1989:.
35. McLeod J. D.,Lively K. J.Handbook of social psychology. Delamater J., ed. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 2003:77-102.
36. Marsh K.,Darity W. A.,Cohen P. N.,Casper L. M.,Salters D.The emerging Black middle class: Single and living alone.Social Forces. 2007;86:735-762.
37. Morris A. D.The origins of the civil rights movement: Black communities organizing for change. New York, NY: Free Press; 1994:.
38. Oliver J. E.,Wong J.Intergroup prejudice in multiethnic settings.American Journal of Political Science. 2003;47:567-582.
39. Parks G. S.Black Greek letter organizations in the 21st century: Our fight has just begun. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky; 2008:.
40. Pattillo M.Black middle-class neighborhoods.Annual Review of Sociology. 2005;31:305-329.
41. Rosenberg M.Social psychology: Sociological perspectives. Rosenberg M.Turner R. H., ed. New York, NY: Basic Books; 1981:593-624.
42. Schnittker J.,Freese J.,Powell B.Nature, nurture, neither, nor: Black-White differences in beliefs about the causes and appropriate treatment of mental Illness.Social Forces. 2000;78:1101-1132.
43. Vanneman R.,Cannon L. W.The American perception of class. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press; 1987:.
44. Willie C. V.The caste and class controversy. Bayside, NY: General Hall; 1979:.
45. Willie C. V.,Reddick R. J.A new look at Black families. 2003). A new look at Black families (5th ed.). Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira.Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira; 2003:.
46. Wilson W. J.The declining significance of race. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press; 1978:.
47. Wright E. O.The enduring importance of class analysis.Theory and Society. 1996;25:693-716.