Testing the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis for biodiversity risk in the US: A spatial econometric approach

Sustainability

Volumn 3, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 2182-2199

  Tevie, Justin ^a   Grimsrud, Kristine M ^a   Berrens, Robert P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiversity risk; Environmental Kuznets curve; Spatial econometrics; United States

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867344163     PISSN: 20711050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su3112182     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well Being: Biodiversity Synthesis; World Resources Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
2. Lodge, D.M.; Williams, S.; MacIsaac, H.J.; Hayes, K.R.; Leung, B.; Reichard, S.; Mack, R.N.; Moyle, P.B.; Smith, M.; Andow, D.A.; Carlton, J.T.; McMichael, A. Biological invasions: Recommendations for US policy and management. Ecol. Appl. 2006, 16, 2035-2054.
3. Mooney, H.A. The ecosystem-services chain and biodiversity crisis. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010, 365, 31-39.
4. Turner, R.K.; Button, K.; Nijkamp, P. Ecosystems and Nature: Economics, Science and Policy; Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham, UK, 1999.
5. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity; UNEP: Montreal, Canada, 5 June 2005
6. Nunes, A.L.D.; Van den Bergh, C.J.M. Economic valuation of biodiversity: Sense or nonsense? Ecol. Econ. 2001, 39, 203-222.
7. Mozumder, P.; Berrens, R. Inorganic fertilizer use and biodiversity risk: An empirical investigation. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 62, 538-543.
8. Berrens, R. The safe minimum standard of conservation and endangered species: A review. Environ. Conserv. 2001, 28, 1-12.
9. Norton, B.G. Why Preserve Natural Variety? Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1987.
10. Simpson, R.D. David Pearce and the economic valuation of biodiversity. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2007, 37, 91-109.
11. Mace, G.M.; Baillie, J.E. The 2010 biodiversity indicators: Challenge for science and policy. Conserv. Biol. 2007, 21, 1406-1413.
12. Beckerman, W. Economic growth and the environment: Whose growth? Whose environment? World Dev. 1992, 20, 481-496.
13. Tierney, J. Use Energy, Get Rich and Save the Planet. New York Times: New York, NY, USA, 2009. Available online: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/21/science/earth/21tier.html?_r=2&em (accessed on 21 April 2009).
14. Arrow, K.; Bolin, B.; Costanza, R.; Dasgupta, P.; Folke, C.; Holling, C.S.; Bengt-Owe, J.; Levin, S.; Maler, K.G.; Perrings, C.; Pimental, D. Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment. Ecol. Econ. 1995, 15, 91-95.
15. Cavlovic, T.; Baker, K.; Berrens, R.; Gawande, K. A Meta-analysis of environmental Kuznets curve studies. Agric. Resour. Econ. Rev. 2000, 29, 32-42.
16. Li, H.; Grijalva, T.; Berrens, R. Economic growth and environmental quality: A meta-analysis of environmental Kuznets curve studies. Econ. Bull. 2007, 17, 1-11.
17. Koirala, B.; Lui, H.; Berrens, R. Further investigation of environmental Kuznets curve studies using meta-analysis. Int. J. Ecol. Econ. Stat. 2011, 22, 13-32.
18. Reyers, B.; Van Jaarsveld, A.S.; McGeoch, M.A.; James, A.N. National biodiversity risk assessment: A composite multivariate and index approach. Biodivers. Conserv. 1998, 7, 945-965.
19. Reyers, B.; James, A.N. An upgraded national biodiversity risk assessment index. Biodivers. Conserv. 1999, 8, 1555-1560.
20. Grossman, G.; Krueger, A.B. Environmental Impact of a North American Free Trade Agreement; National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 3914; NBER: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1991.
21. Shafik, N; Banyopadhyay, S. Economic Growth and Environmental Quality: Time Series and Cross-Sectional Evidence; Background Paper for the World Bank Development Report; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 1992.
22. Kuznets, S. Economic growth and income inequality. Am. Econ. Rev. 1955, 45, 1-28.
23. Selden, T.M.; Song, D. Neoclassical growth, the J curve for abatement, and the inverted U curve for pollution. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 1995, 29, 162-168.
24. Selden, T.M.; Song, D. Environmental quality and development: Is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 1994, 27, 147-162.
25. Grossman, G.M.; Krueger, A.B. Economic growth and the environment. Q. J. Econ. 1995, 110, 353-377.
26. Deacon, R.T.; Norman, C.S. Does the environmental Kuznets curve describe how individual countries behave? Land Econ. 2006, 82, 291-315.
27. Merlevde, B.; Verbeke, T.; deClercq, M. The EKC for SO2: Does firm size matter? Ecol. Econ. 2006, 59, 451-461.
28. Paudel, K.P.; Zapata, H.; Dwi, S. An empirical test of environmental Kuznets curve for water pollution. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2005, 31, 325-348.
29. Barbier, E. The economics of tropical deforestation and land use: An introduction to the special issue. Land Econ. 2001, 77, 155-171.
30. Culas, R.J. Deforestation and the environmental Kuznets curve: An institutional perspective. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 61, 429-437.
31. Rupasingha, A.; Goetz, S.J.; Debertin, D.L.; Angelos, P. The environmental Kuznets curve for US counties: A spatial economic analysis with extensions. Pap. Reg. Sci. 2004, 83, 407-424.
32. Wang, P.; Berrens, R.; Bohara, A.; Gawande, K. An environmental Kuznets curve for risk-ranked US hazardous waste sites. Appl. Econ. Lett. 1998, 5, 761-764.
33. McConnell, K.E. Income and the demand for environmental quality. Environ. Dev. Econ. 1997, 2, 383-399.
34. Komen, R.; Gerking, S.; Folmer, H. Income and environmental R & D: Empirical evidence from OECD countries. Environ. Dev. Econ. 1997, 2, 505-515.
35. Liddle, B. Free trade and the environment-development system. Ecol. Econ. 2001, 39, 21-36.
36. Gawande, K.; Berrens, R.; Bohara, A. A consumption based theory of the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecol. Econ. 2001, 37, 101-112.
37. Dietz, S.; Adger, W.N. Economic growth, biodiversity loss and conservation effort. J. Environ. Manag. 2003, 68, 23-35.
38. McPherson, M.A.; Nieswiadomy, M.L. Environmental Kuznets curve: Threatened species and spatial effects. Ecol. Econ. 2005, 55, 395-407.
39. Lantz, V.; Martinez-Espineira, R. Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis with bird population as habitat-specific environmental indicators: Evidence from Canada. Conserv. Biol. 2008, 22, 428-438.
40. Stork, N.E.; Samways, M.J. Inventorying and monitoring of biodiversity. In Global Biodiversity Assessment; Heywood, V.H., Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1995; pp. 453-544.
41. Mozumder, P.; Berrens, R.; Bohara, A.K. Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for the risk of biodiversity loss? J. Dev. Areas 2006, 39, 1-12.
42. Pandit, R.; Laband, D. Spatial autocorrelation in country-level models of species imperilment. Ecol. Econ. 2007, 60, 526-532.
43. Maddison, D. Environmental Kuznets curves: A spatial econometric approach. J. Environ. Econ. Manag. 2006, 51, 218-230.
44. Threatened and Endangered Species System; US Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service: Washington, DC, USA, 2009. Available online: http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/ stateListing. jsp? (accessed on 12 February 2009).
45. Major Uses of Land in the United States, 2002; US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service: Washington, DC, USA, 2007. Available online: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/ MajorLandUses/ (accessed on 19 August 2009).
46. Nowak, D.J.; Walton, J.T. Projected urban growth (2000-2050) and its estimated impact on the US forest resource. J. Forest. 2005, 383-389.
47. Population Estimates; US Census Bureau: Washington, DC, USA, 2009. Available online: http://factfinder. census.gov (accessed on 19 August 2009).
48. Bureau of Economic Analysis: Gross Domestic Product Data; US Department of Commerce: Washington, DC, USA, 2009. Available online: http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp/ (accessed on 21 July 2009).
49. League of Conservation Voters. National Environmental Scorecard; League of Conservation Voters: Washington, DC, USA, 2010. Available online: http://www.lcv.org/scorecard/ (accessed on 25 October 2010).
50. Stein, B.A. States of the Union: Ranking America's Biodiversity; Nature Serve and Nature Conservancy: Arlington, VA, USA, 2002.
51. US Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Preliminary Certificate of Apportionment of $240,541,414 of the Appropriation for Pittman-Robertson Wildlife Restoration to the States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the US Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands for the fiscal year 2009; USDI: Washington, DC, USA, 2009.
52. Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico. Multi-Institution, Multi-Collection Museum Database. Available online: http://arctos.database.museum/SpecimenSearch.cfm (accessed on 6 June 2011).
53. Jha, R.; Murthy, K.V.B. An inverse environmental Kuznets curve. J. Comp. Econ. 2003, 31, 352-368.
54. Paudel, K. P.; Schafer, M.J. The environmental Kuznets curve under a new framework: The role of social capital in water pollution. Environ. Resour. Econ. 2009, 42, 265-278.
55. Barbier, E. Natural Resource and Economic Development; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2005.
56. Benitez-Lopez, A; Alkemade, R.; Verweij, P.A. The impact of roads and other infrastructure on mammal and bird populations: A meta-analysis. Biol. Conserv. 2010, 143, 1307-1316.
57. Kerr, J.T.; Currie, D.J. Effects of human activity on global extinction risk. Conserv. Biol. 1995, 9, 1528-1538.
58. Pandit, R.; Laband, D. Economic well-being, the distribution of income and species imperilment. Biodivers. Conserv. 2009, 18, 3219-3233.
59. Dinda, S. Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: A survey. Ecol. Econ. 2004, 49, 431-455.
60. Anselin, L. Spatial effects in econometric practice in environmental and resource economics. Am. J. Agric. Econ. 2001, 83, 705-710.
61. Anselin, L. Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models; Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1988.
62. Bailey, T.C.; Gatrell, A.C. Interactive Spatial Data Analysis; Longman: Essex, UK, 1995.
63. Greene, W.H. Econometric Analysis, 2nd ed.; Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1993.
64. Geary, R. The contiguity ratio and statistical mapping. Incorp. Stat. 1954, 5, 115-145.
65. Moran, P. The interpretation of statistical maps. J. R. Stat. Soc. 1948, 10, 243-251.
66. Breusch, T.; Pagan, A. The LM test and its application to model specification in econometrics. Rev. Econ. Stud. 1980, 47, 239-254.