Diuretics: A review

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 419-431

  Wile, David ^a  

^a Department of Radiology   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETAZOLAMIDE; AMILORIDE; AMILORIDE PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE; BENZTHIAZIDE; BUMETANIDE; CHLOROTHIAZIDE; CHLORTALIDONE; CYCLOPENTHIAZIDE; DIURETIC AGENT; EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL; EPLERENONE; FUROSEMIDE; GLYCEROL; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS TRIAMTERENE; INDAPAMIDE; ISOSORBIDE; MANNITOL; METOLAZONE; PROTON; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SPIRONOLACTONE; SULFONAMIDE; THEOPHYLLINE; TORASEMIDE; TRIAMTERENE; UNINDEXED DRUG; UREA; XIPAMIDE;

BASOLATERAL MEMBRANE; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIURETIC THERAPY; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG POTENCY; EDEMA; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE MUTATION; GLAUCOMA; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPEROSMOLARITY; HYPERTENSION; HYPERURICEMIA; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS; INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY TUBULE ACIDOSIS; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; METABOLIC ALKALOSIS; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NAUSEA; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NONHUMAN; OTOTOXICITY; PERIODIC PARALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RASH; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SODIUM ABSORPTION; SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION; UREA BLOOD LEVEL; URINARY EXCRETION;

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS; DIURETICS; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; HYPOKALEMIA; HYPONATREMIA; KIDNEY;

EID: 84867169745     PISSN: 00045632     EISSN: 17581001     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.011281     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. Hoad TF. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986
2. Macpherson G, ed. Black' s Medical Dictionary. 40th edn. London: A&C Black, 2002
3. Melillo L. Diuretic plants in the paintings of Pompeii. Am J Nephrol 1994;14:423-5
4. Aliotta G, Capasso G, Pollio A, Strumia S, de Santo NG. Joseph Jacob Plenck (1735-1807). Am J Nephrol 1994;14:377-82
5. Funk W. Word Origins and Their Romantic Stories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950
6. Calvet L-J. Histoires des Mots: Etymologies Europeennes. Paris: Editions Payot, 1993
7. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2002
8. Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary. London: Pharmaceutical Press, 2010
9. Hober R. Effect of some sulfonamides on renal secretion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1942;49:87-90
10. Mann T, Keilin D. Sulphanilamide as a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Nature 1940;146:164-5
11. Schwartz WB. The effect of sulfanilamide on salt and water excretion in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1949;240:173-7
12. Moyer JH. Historical aspects of the development of chlorothiazide. In: Lyght CE, ed. A Decade with Diuril (Chlorothiazide).West Point, PA: Merck Sharp & Dohme, 1968
13. Beyer KH. Chlorothiazide. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982;13:15-24
14. Lyght CE, ed. Merck Manual. 9th edn. New Jersey: Merck & Co, 1957
15. Edemir B, Pavenstadt H, Schlatter E, Weide T. Mechanisms of cell polarity and aquaporin sorting in the nephron. Pflugers Arch 2011;46:607-21
16. Maddox DA, Gennari FJ. The early proximal tubule: a high-capacity delivery-responsive reabsorptive site. Am J Physiol 1987;252:F573-84
17. Chou CL, Nielsen S, Knepper MA. Structural-functional correlation in chinchilla long loop of Henlé thin limbs: a novel papillary subsegment. Am J Physiol 1993;265:F863-74
18. Ganong WF. Review of Medical Physiology. 21st edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003: 720
19. Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks H. Ganong' s Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd edn. New York: McGraw Hill Medical, 2009
20. Kellick KA. Diuretics. AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs 1992;3:472-82
21. Ganong WF. Review of Medical Physiology. 21st edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003: 32
22. Brater DC. Diuretic therapy. N Engl J Med 1998;339:387-95
23. Jackson EK. Diuretics. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman & Gilman' s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001: 757
24. Katz AI. Distribution and function of classes of ATPases along the nephron. Kidney Int 1986;29:21-31
25. Bronner F. Renal calcium transport: mechanisms and regulation - an overview. Am J Physiol 1989;257:F707-11
26. Lant A. Diuretics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use (Part I). Drugs 1985;29:57-87
27. Simon DB, Karet FE, Hamdan JM, DiPietro A, Sanjad SA, Lifton RP. Bartter' s syndrome, hypokalaemic alkalosis with hypercalciuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2. Nat Genet 1996;13:183-8
28. Beaumont K. Vaughn DA. Fanestil DD. Thiazide diuretic drug receptors in rat kidney: identification with [3H]metolazone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:2311-4
29. Hropot M, Fowler N, Karlmark B, Giebisch G. Tubular action of diuretics: distal effects on electrolyte transport and acidification. Kidney Int 1985;28:477-89
30. + channel is made of three homologous subunits. Nature 1994;367:463-7
31. Ismailov II, Shlyonsky VG, Serpersu EH, et al. Peptide inhibition of ENaC. Biochemistry 1999;38:354-63
32. Maren TH. Current status of membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1980;341:246-58
33. Leaf A, Schwartz WB, Relman AS. Oral administration of a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (diamox). I. Changes in electrolyte and acid-base balance. N Engl J Med 1954;250:759-64
34. Preisig PA, Toto RD, Alpern RJ. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Ren Physiol 1987;10:136-59
35. Kauker ML, Lassiter WE, Gottschalk CW. Micropuncture study of effects of urea infusion in tubular reabsorption in the rat. Am J Physiol 1970;219:45-50
36. Seely JF, Dirks JH. Micropuncture study of hypertonic mannitol diuresis in the proximal and distal tubule of the dog kidney. J Clin Invest 1969;48:2330-40
37. Gipstein RM, Boyle JD. Hypernatremia complicating prolonged mannitol diuresis. N Engl J Med 1965;272:1116-7
38. Oster JR, Singer I. Hyponatremia, hyposmolality, and hypotonicity: tables and fables. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:333-6
39. Fishman RA. Brain edema. N Engl J Med 1975;293:706-11
40. Navar LG. Renal hemodynamic effects of diuretics. In: Seldin DW, Giebisch G, eds. Diuretic Agents: Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. Massachusetts Academic Press, 1997:159
41. Morrison RT. Edema and principles of diuretic use. Med Clin North Am 1997;81:689-704
42. Musini VM, Wright JM, Bassett K, Jauca CD. Blood pressure lowering efficacy of loop diuretics for primary hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD003825
43. Van Brummelen P, Man in ' t Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA. Hemodynamic changes during long-term thiazide treatment of essential hypertension in responders and nonresponders. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980;27:328-36
44. Vasko MR, Cartwright DB, Knochel JP, Nixon JV, Brater DC. Furosemide absorption altered in decompensated congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:314-8
45. Finley PR, Warner MD, Peabody CA. Clinical relevance of drug interactions with lithium. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;29:172-91
46. Kaplan NM. Diuretics as a basis of antihypertensive therapy. An overview. Drugs 2000;59(suppl. 2):21-5; discussion 39-40
47. Murphy MB, Lewis PJ, Kohner E, Schumer B, Dollery CT. Glucose intolerance in hypertensive patients treated with diuretics; a fourteen-year follow-up. Lancet 1982;2:1293-5
48. Digre KB. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. BMJ 2010;341:c2836
49. Tomsak RL, Niffengger AS, Remler BF. Treatment of pseudotumour cerebri with diamox (acetazolamide). J Clin Neuroopthalmol 1988;8:93-8
50. Bennett PN, Brown MJ. Clinical Pharmacology. 9th edn. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2003
51. Chaffman M, Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS. Indapamide. A review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension. Drugs 1984;28:189-235
52. Prichard BN, Brogden RN. Xipamide. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1985;30:313-32
53. Brater DC. Resistance to loop diuretics. Why it happens and what to do about it. Drugs 1985;30:427-43
54. Friedel HA, Buckley MM. Torasemide. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs 1991;41:81-103
55. Al-Mohammad A, Mant J, Laramee P, Swain S. Diagnosis and management of adults with chronic heart failure: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ 2010;341:c4130
56. Arroll B, Doughty R, Andersen V. Investigation and management of congestive heart failure. BMJ 2010;341:c3657
57. Ezekowitz JA, McAlister FA. Aldosterone blockade and left ventricular dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J 2009;30:469-77
58. McDowell G, Nicholls DP. The endopeptidase inhibitor, candoxatril, and its therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure in man. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1999;8:79-84
59. McDowell G, Nicholls DP. The therapetic potential of candoxatril, a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, in humans. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2000;18:259-70
60. Keating GM, Goa KL. Nesiritide: a review of its use in acute decompensated heart failure. Drugs 2003;63:47-70
61. Perez-Ayuso RM, Arroyo V, Planas R, et al. Randomized comparative study of efficacy of furosemide versus spironolactone in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites. Relationship between the diuretic response and the activity of the renin-aldosterone system. Gastroenterology 1983;84:961-8
62. Fuller R, Hoppel C, Ingalls ST. Furosemide kinetics in patients with hepatic cirrhosis with ascites. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981;30:461-7
63. Karajala V, Mansour W, Kellum JA. Diuretics in acute kidney injury. Minerva Anestesiol 2009;75:251-7
64. Borthwick E, Ferguson A. Perioperative acute kidney injury: risk factors, recognition, management, and outcomes. BMJ 2010;341:c3365
65. Schepkens H, Vanholder R, Billiouw JM, Lameire N. Life-threatening hyperkalemia during combined therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and spironolactone: an analysis of 25 cases. Am J Med 2001;110:438-41
66. George CF. Amiloride handling in renal failure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1980;9:94-5
67. Chapron DJ, Gomolin IH, Sweeney KR. Acetazolamide blood concentrations are excessive in the elderly: propensity for acidosis and relationship to renal function. J Clin Pharmacol 1989;29:348-53
68. Allison ME, Shilliday I. Loop diuretic therapy in acute and chronic renal failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22(suppl. 3):S59-70
69. Kramer BK, Schwab A, Braun N, Strutz F, Muller GA, Risler T. Pharmacokinetics of torasemide and its metabolites in end-stage renal disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994;47:157-9
70. Humes HD. Insights into ototoxicity. Analogies to nephrotoxicity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999;884:15-8
71. O' Brien J. Diuretics. Bull Roy Coll Anaesth 2001;8:366-9
72. Beevers DG, Hamilton M, Harpur JE. The long-term treatment of hypertension with thiazide diuretics. Postgrad Med J 1971;47:639-43
73. Steele TH, Oppenheimer S. Factors affecting urate excretion following diuretic administration in man. Am J Med 1969;47:564-74
74. Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Goodman Gilman A, eds. Goodman and Gilman' s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001
75. EpNet. European Porphyria Initiative [updated 2008]. See http://www.porphyria-europe.com/ (last checked 30 November 2011)
76. Cadwallader AB, de la Torre X, Tieri A, Botre F. The abuse of diuretics as performance-enhancing drugs and masking agents in sport doping: pharmacology, toxicology and analysis. Br J Pharmacol 2010;161:1-16
77. Walsh SB, Shirley DG, Wrong OM, Unwin RJ. Urinary acidification assessed by simultaneous furosemide and fludrocortisone treatment: an alternative to ammonium chloride. Kidney Int 2007;71:1310-6
78. Schwartz GJ. Diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis: use of furosemide plus fludrocortisone versus ammonium chloride. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2007;3:590-1
79. Flynn GA, Yool AJ, Migliati ER, Ritter LS. Aquaporin Modulators and Methods of Using Them for the Treatment of Edema and Fluid Imbalance. Alexandria, VA, 2010, US Patent No. 7906555 B2
80. Becker WM, Kleinsmith LJ, Hardin J, eds. The World of the Cell. 6th edn. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2006
81. Agre P, Preston GM, Smith BL, et al. Aquaporin CHIP: the archetypal molecular water channel. Am J Physiol 1993;265:F463-76
82. Gade W, Robinson B. A brief survey of aquaporins and their implications for renal physiology. Clin Lab Sci 2006;19:70-9
83. Laski ME, Pressley TA. Aquaporin mediated water flux as a target for diuretic development. Semin Nephrol 1999;19:533-50
84. Verkman AS. Novel roles of aquaporins revealed by phenotype analysis of knockout mice. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2005;155:31-55
85. Migliati E, Meurice N, DuBois P, et al. Inhibition of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4 water permeability by a derivative of the loop diuretic bumetanide acting at an internal pore-occluding binding site. Mol Pharmacol 2009;76:105-12
86. Yool AJ. Aquaporins: multiple roles in the central nervous system. Neuroscientist 2007;13:470-85
87. Yool AJ, Brokl OH, Pannabecker TL, Dantzler WH, Stamer WD. Tetraethylammonium block of water flux in aquaporin-1 channels expressed in kidney thin limbs of Henlés loop and a kidney-derived cell line. BMC Physiol 2002;2:4