Social communication and theory of mind in boys withautism and fragile X syndrome

Frontiers in Psychology

Volumn 3, Issue AUG, 2012, Pages

  Losh, Molly ^a   Martin, Gary E ^b,c   Klusek, Jessica ^b,c   Hogan Brown, Abigail L ^a   Sideris, John ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Fragile X syndrome; Pragmatic language; Social communication; Theory of mind

Indexed keywords

EID: 84867128083     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00266     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Abbeduto, L., Brady, N., and Kover, S. T. m-losh@northwestern.edu. Language development and fragile X syndrome: profiles, syndrome-specificity, and within-syndrome differences. Ment. Retard Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 13, 36-46.
2. Abbeduto, L., and Chapman, R. (2005). "Language development in Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome: current research and implications for theory and practice, " in Developmental Theory and Language Disorders, eds P. Fletcher and J. F. Miller (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co.), 53-72.
3. Abbeduto, L., Murphy, M. M., Kover, S. T., Giles, N. D., Karadottir, S., Amman, A., Bruno, L., Kim, J. S., Schroeder, S., Anderson, J. A., and Nollin, K. A. (2008). Signaling noncomprehension of language: a comparison of fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 113, 214-230
4. Abbeduto, L., Murphy, M. M., Richmond, E. K., Amman, A., Beth, P., Weissman, M. D., Kin, J., Cawthon, S. W., Karadottir, S., and Dykens, D. (2006). Collaboration in referential communication: comparison of youth with down syndrome or fragile X syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 111, 170-183.
5. Abbeduto, L., Pavetto, M., Kesin, E., Weissman, M. D., Karadottir, S., O'Brien, A., and Cawthon, S. (2001). The linguistic and cognitive profile of Down syndrome: evidence from a comparison with fragile X syndrome. Down Syndr. Res. Pract. Down Syndr. Educ. Trust 7, 9-15.
6. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.
7. Bailey, D. B. Jr., Hatton, D. D., Skinner, M., and Mesibov, G. (2001). Autistic behavior, FMR1 protein, and developmental trajectories in young males with fragile X syndrome. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 31, 165-174.
8. Bailey, D. B. Jr., Raspa, M., Olmsted, M., and Holiday, D. B. (2008). Co-occurring conditions associated with FMR1 gene variations: findings from a national parent survey. Am. J. Med. Genet. A 146A, 2060-2069.
9. Bailey, D. B., Raspa, M., Holiday, D., Bishop, E., and Olmsted, M. (2009). Functional skills of individuals with fragile x syndrome: a lifespan crosssectional analysis. Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. 114, 289-303.
10. Benjamini, Y., and Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Stat. Soc. Series B Stat. Methodol. 57, 289-300.
11. Bennetto, L., and Pennington, B. F. (2002). "Neuropsychology, " in Fragile X Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research, 3rd Edn, eds R. J. Hagerman and P. J. Hagerman (Balitmore: Johns Hopkins University Press), 206-248.
12. Bishop, D.V. M. (2006). Children's Communication Checklist-2. San Antonio: Pearson.
13. Bregman, J. D., Leckman, J. F., and Ort, S. I. (1988). Fragile X syndrome: genetic predisposition of psychopathy. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 18, 343-354.
14. Brown, P., and Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Brown, R. (1973). A First Language; the Early Stages. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
16. Capps, L., Kehres, J., and Sigman, M. (1998). Conversational abilities among children with autism and developmental delay. Autism 2, 325-344.
17. Capps, L., Losh, M., and Thurber, C. (2000). The frog ate a bug and made his mouth sad:narrative competence in children with autism. J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol. 28, 193-204.
18. Carrow-Woolfolk, E. (1999). CASL: Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language. Circle Pines: American Guidance Services.
19. Clifford, S., Dissanayake, C., Bui, Q. M., Huggins, R., Taylor, A. K., and Loesch, D. Z. (2007). Autism spectrum phenotype in males and females with fragile X full mutation and premutation. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 37, 738-747.
20. Coffee, B., Keith, K., Albizua, I., Malone, T., Mowrey, J., Sherman, S. L., and Warren, S. T. (2009). Incidence of fragile X syndrome by newborn screening for methylated FMR1 DNA. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85, 503-514.
21. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale: L. Erlbaum Associates.
22. Cordeiro, L., Ballinger, E., Hagerman, R., and Hessl, D. (2011). Clinical assessment of DSM-IV anxiety disorders in fragile X syndrome: prevalence and characterization. J. Neurodev. Disord. 3, 57-67.
23. Cornish, K., Burack, J. A., Rahman, A., Munir, F., Russo, N., and Grant, C. (2005). Theory of mind deficits in children with fragile X syndrome. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 49, 372-378.
24. Devys, D., Lutz, Y., Rouyer, N., Bellocq, J. P., and Mandel, J. L. (1993). The FMR-1 protein is cytoplasmic, most abundant in neurons and appears normal in carriers of a fragile X premutation. Nat. Genet. 4, 335-340.
25. Dunn, L. M., and Dunn, D. M. (1997). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service.
26. Dykens, E., Hodapp, R. M., and Finucane, B. M. (2000). Genetics and Mental Retardation Syndromes: A New Look at Behavior and Interventions. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
27. Estigarribia, B., Martin, G. E., Roberts, J. E., Spencer, A., Gucwa, A., and Sideris, J. (2011). Narrative skill in boys with fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder. Appl. Psycholinguist. 32, 359-388.
28. Fernandez-Carvajal, I., Walichiewicz, P., Xiaosen, X., Pan, R., Hagerman, P. J., and Tassone, F. (2009). Screening for expanded alleles of the FMR1 gene in blood spots from newborn males in a Spanish population. J. Mol. Diagn. 11, 324-329.
29. Finestack, L. H., Richmond, E. K., and Abbeduto, L. (2009). Language development in individuals with fragile X syndrome. Top. Lang. Disord. 29, 133-148.
30. Flavell, J. H., Flavell, E. R., and Green, F. L. (1983). Development of the appearance reality distinction. Cogn. Psychol. 15, 95-120.
31. Garner, C., Callias, M., and Turk, J. (1999). Executive function and theory of mind performance of boys with fragile-X syndrome. J. Intellect. Disabil. 43, 466-474.
32. Gotham, K., Risi, S., Dawson, G., TagerFlusberg, H., Joseph, R., Carter, A., Hepburn, S., McMahon, W., Rodier, P., Hyman, S. L., Sigman, M., Rogers, S., Landa, R., Spence, M. A., Osann, K., Flodman, P., Volkmar, F., Hollander, E., Buxbaum, J., Pickles, A., and Lord, C. (2008). A replication of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) revised algorithms. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 47, 642-651.
33. Gotham, K., Risi, S., Pickles, A., and Lord, C. (2007). The autism diagnostic observation schedule: revised algorithms for improved diagnostic validity. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 37, 613-627.
34. Grant, C. M., Apperly, I., and Oliver, C. (2007). Is theory of mind understanding impaired in males with fragile X syndrome. J. Abnorm. Child. Psychol. 35, 17-28.
35. Grice, H. P. (1975). "Logic and conversation, " in Syntax and Semantics Vol. 3: Speech Acts, eds P. Cole and J. L. Morgan (New York: Academic Press), 41-58.
36. Hagerman, P. (2008). The fragile X prevalence paradox. J. Med. Genet. 45, 498-499
37. Hagerman, R. (2002). "The physical and behavioral phenotype, " in Fragile X Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research, 3rd Edn, eds R. J. Hagerman and P. J. Hagerman (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press), 3-87.
38. Hagerman, R. (2006). Lessons from fragile X regarding neurobiology, autism, and neurodegeneration. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 27, 63-74
39. Hagerman, R., and Hagerman, P. (eds). (2002). Fragile X Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Research, 3rd Edn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
40. Hall, S. S., Lightbody, A. A., and Reiss, A. L. (2008). Compulsive, selfinjurious, and autistic behavior in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 113, 44-53.
41. Hanson, D. M., Jackson, A. W. III, and Hagerman, R. J. (1986). Speech disturbances (cluttering) in mildly impaired males with the Martin-Bell/fragile X syndrome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 23, 195-206.
42. Hooper, S. R., Hatton, D. D., Baranek, G. T., Roberts, J. P., and Bailey, D. B. (2000). Nonverbal assessment of IQ, attention, and memory abilities in children with fragile-X syndrome using the Leiter-R. J. Psychoeduc. Assess. 18, 255-267.
43. Jin, P., and Warren, S. T. (2003). New insights into fragile X syndrome: from molecules to neurobehaviors. Trends Biochem. Sci. 28, 152-158.
44. Kaufmann, W. E., Cortell, R., Kau, A. S., Bukelis, I., Tierney, E., Gray, R. M., Cox, C., Capone, G. T., and Stanard, P. (2004). Autism spectrum disorder in fragile X syndrome: communication, social interaction, and specific behaviors. Am. J. Med. Genet. 129, 225-234.
45. Kover, S. T., and Abbeduto, L. (2010). Expressive language in male adolescents with fragile X syndrome with and without comorbid autism. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 54, 246-265.
46. Lewis, C., and Mitchell, P. (eds.). (1994). Children's Early Understanding of Mind. East Sussex: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
47. Lewis, P., Abbeduto, L., Murphy, M., Richmond, E., Giles, N., Bruno, L., and Schroeder, S. (2006). Cognitive, language and social-cognitive skills of individuals with fragile X syndrome with and without autism. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 50, 532-545.
48. Loesch, D. Z., Bui, Q. M., Grigsby, J., Butler, E., Epstein, J., Huggins, R. M., Taylor, A. K., and Hagerman, R. J. (2003). Effect of the fragile X status categories and the fragile X mental retardation protein levels on executive functioning in males and females with fragile X. Neuropsychology 17, 646-657.
49. Loesch, D. Z., Huggins, R. M., Bui, Q. M., Epstein, J. L., Taylor, A. K., and Hagerman, R. J. (2002). Effect of the deficits of fragile X mental retardation protein on cognitive status of fragile X males and females assessed by robust pedigree analysis. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 23, 416-423.
50. Lord, C., Rutter, M., DiLavore, P. C., and Risi, S. (2001). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
51. Lord, C., Rutter, M., and Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 24, 659-685.
52. Losh, M., and Capps, L. (2003). Narrative ability in high-functioning children with autism or Asperger's syndrome. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 33, 239-251.
53. Loveland, K. A., and Tunali, B. (1993). "Narrative language in autism and the theory of mind hypothesis: a wider perspective, " in Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives from Autism, eds S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, and D. J. Cohen (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 247-266.
54. Madison, L. S., George, C., and Moeschler, J. B. (1986). Cognitive functioning in the fragileX syndrome: a study of intellectual, memory and communication skills. J. Ment. Defic. Res. 30, 129-148
55. Matthews, R., Dissanayake, C., and Pratt, C. (2003). The relationship between the theory of mind and conservation abilities in children using active/inactive paradigm. Aust. J. Psychol. 55, 35-42.
56. Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. (2002). ELAN. Nijmegen. Available at: http://www.lat-mpi.eu/tools/elan/
57. Mazzoco, M. M., Pennington, B. F., and Hagerman, R. J. (1994). Socialcognition skills among females with fragile X. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 24, 473-485.
58. McDuffie, A., Abbeduto, L., Lewis, P., Kover, S., Kim, J. S., Weber, A., and Brown, W. T. (2010). Autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents with fragile X syndrome: within-syndrome differences and age-related changes. Am. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 115, 307-326.
59. McDuffie, A., Kover, S., Abbeduto, L., Lewis, P., and Brown, T. (2012). Profiles of receptive and expressive language abilities in boys with comorbid fragile x syndrome and autism. Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. 117, 18-32.
60. Miller, J. F., and Chapman, R. S. (2008). Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT). Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
61. Muthen, L. K., and Muthen, B. (2006). Mplus User's Guide (Version 4). Los Angeles: Muther & Muthen.
62. Philofsky, A., Hepburn, S. L., Hayes, A., Hagerman, R., and Rogers, S. J. (2004). Linguistic and cognitive functioning and autism symptoms in young children with fragile X syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 109, 208-218.
63. Price, J., Roberts, J., Vandergrift, N., and Martin, G. (2007). Language comprehension in boys with fragile X syndrome and boys with Down syndrome. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 51, 318-326.
64. Price, J. R., Roberts, J. E., Hennon, E. A., Berni, M. C., Anderson, K. L., and Sideris, J. (2008). Syntactic complexity during conversation of boys with fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 51, 3-15.
65. Reiss, A. L., and Dant, C. C. (2003). The behavioral neurogenetics of fragile X syndrome: analyzing gene-brainbehavior relationships in child developmental psychopathologies. Dev. Psychopathol. 15, 927-968.
66. Reiss, A. L., and Freund, L. (1992). Behavioral phenotype of fragile X syndrome: DSM-III-R autistic behavior in male children. Am. J. Med. Genet. 43, 35-46.
67. Repacholi, B. M., and Gopnik, A. (1997). Early reasoning about desires: evidence from 14and 18-month-olds. Dev. Psychol. 33, 12-21.
68. Roberts, J., Martin, G. E., Moskowitz, L., Harris, A. A., Foreman, J., and Nelson, L. (2007a). Discourse skills of boys with fragile X syndrome in comparison to boys with Down syndrome. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 50, 475-492.
69. Roberts, J., Price, J., Barnes, E., Nelson, L., Burchinal, M., Hennon, E.A., Moskowitz, L., Edwards, A., Malkin, C., Anderson, K., Misenheimer, J., and Hooper, S. R. (2007b). Receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, and speech production of boys with fragile X syndrome in comparison to boys with Down syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 112, 177-193.
70. Roberts, J. E., Chapman, R. S., Martin, G. E., and Moskowitz, L. (2008). "Language of preschool and school-age children with Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome, " in Speech and Language Development and Intervention in Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome, eds J. E. Roberts, R. S. Chapman, and S. Warren (Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes), 77-115.
71. Roberts, J. E., Mirrett, P., and Burchinal, M.(2001). Receptiveandexpressive communication development of young males with fragile X syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 106, 216-230
72. Rogers, S. J., Wehner, D. E., and Hagerman, R. (2001). The behavioral phenotype in fragile X: symptoms of autism in very young children with fragile X syndrome, idiopathic autism, and other developmental disorders. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 22, 409-417.
73. Roid, G. H., and Miller, L. J. (1997). Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised. Wood Dale: Stoelting.
74. Rutter, M., Bailey, A., and Lord, C. (2003). SCQ: The Social Communication Questionnaire. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
75. Slaughter, V., Peterson, C. C., and Mackintosh, E. (2007). Mind what mother says: narrative input and theory of mind in typical children and those on the autism spectrum. Child Dev. 78, 839-858.
76. Sloetjes, H., and Wittenburg, P. (2008). "Annotation by category ELAN and ISO DCR," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2008), Nijinegen.
77. Sperber, D., and Wilson, D. (2002). Pragmaticas, modularity, and mindreading. Mind Lang. 17, 2-23.
78. Sudhalter, V., and Belser, C. (2001). Conversational characteristics of children with fragile X syndrome: tangential language. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 106, 389-400.
79. Sudhalter, V., Cohen, I. L., Silverman, W., and Wolf-Schein, E. G. (1990). Conversational analyses of males with fragile X, Down syndrome, and autism: comparison of the emergence of deviant language. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 94, 431-441.
80. Surian, L., Baron-Cohen, S., andVan der Lely, H. (1996). Are children with autism deaf to Gricean maxims? Cogn. Neuropsychiatry 1, 55-71.
81. Tager-Flusberg, H. (2000). "Language and understanding minds: connections in autism, " in Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives from Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, eds S. Baron-Cohen, H. Tager-Flusberg, and D. J. Cohen (Oxford: Oxford University press), 124-149
82. Tager-Flusberg, H., and Sullivan, K. (1995). Attributing mental states to story characters: a comparison of narratives produced by autistic and mentally retarded individuals. Appl. Psycholinguist. 16, 241-256
83. Tannock, R. (1988). Mothers' directiveness in their interactions with their children with and without Down syndrome. Am. J. Ment. Retard. 93, 154-165.
84. Wellman, H., and Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of theory-of-mind tasks. Child Dev. 75, 523-541.
85. Wilding, J., Cornish, K., and Munir, F. (2002). Further delineation of the executive deficit in males with fragile-X syndrome. Neuropsychologia 40, 1343-1349.
86. Williams, K. T. (1997). ExpressiveVocabulary Test. Circle Pines: American Guidance Service.
87. Wilson, D., and Sperber, D. (2004). "Relevance theory, " in The Handbook of Pragmatics, eds L. R. Horn and G. Ward (Oxford: Blackwell), 607-632.
88. Wolf-Schein, E. G., Sudhalter, V., Cohen, I. L., Fisch, G. S., Hanson, D., Pfadt, A. G., Hagerman, R., Jenkins, E., and Brown, W. T. (1987). Speechlanguage and thefragile Xsyndrome: initial findings. ASHA 29, 35-38.