Verbal and facial-emotional stroop tasks reveal specific attentional interferences in sad mood

Brain and Behavior

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 74-83

  Isaac, Linda ^a   Vrijsen, Janna N ^b   Eling, Paul ^c   Van Oostrom, Iris ^b   Speckens, Anne ^b   Becker, Eni S ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c RADBOUD UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cognitive bias; Face processing; Mood; Stroop

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANGER; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; ATTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE; COLOR DISCRIMINATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMOTIONALITY; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; HAPPINESS; HUMAN; LATENT PERIOD; MOOD; MOOD CONGRUENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPONSE TIME; SAD MOOD; STIMULUS RESPONSE; STROOP TEST; UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT; VERBAL AND FACIAL EMOTIONAL STROOP TASK; VERBAL BEHAVIOR; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 84867017264     PISSN: 21623279     EISSN: 21579032     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.38     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Baumeister, R. F., E. Bratslavsky, C. Finkenauer, and K. D. Vohs. 2001. Bad is stronger than good. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 5:323-370.
2. Beck, A. T., G. Brown, R. A. Steer, J. I. Eidelson, and J. H. Riskind. 1987. Differentiating anxiety from depression: a test of the cognitive content-specificity hypothesis. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 96:179-183.
3. Bouman, T. K., F. Luteijn, F. A. Albersnagel, and F. A. E. Vanderploeg. 1985. Enige ervaringen met de Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Some experiences with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Gedrag Tijdschrift voor Psychologie 13:13-24.
4. Bower, G. H. 1981. Mood and memory. Am. Psychol. 36:129-148.
5. Bradley, M. M., and P. J. Lang. 1999. Affective norms for English words (ANEW): stimuli, instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical report C-1, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
6. Bradley, B. P., K. Mogg, N. Millar, C. Bonham-Carter, E. Fergusson, J. Jenkins, and M. Parr. 1997. Attentional biases for emotional faces. Cogn. Emot. 11:25-42.
7. Bradley, B. P., K.Mogg, J.White, C. Groom, and J. de Bono. 1999. Attentional bias for emotional faces in generalised anxiety disorder. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 38:267-278.
8. Bouhuys, A. L., G. M. Bloem, and T. G. Groothuis. 1995. Induction of depressed and elated mood by music influences the perception of facial emotional expressions in healthy subjects. J. Affect. Disord. 33:215-226.
9. Bouhuys, A. L., E. Geerts, and P. P. Mersch. 1997. Relationship between perception of facial emotions and anxiety in clinical depression: does anxiety-related perception predict persistence of depression? J. Affect. Disord. 43:213-223.
10. Bower, G. H., and J. P. Forgas. 2001. Handbook of affect and social cognition. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
11. Chepenik, L. G., L. A. Cornew, and M. J. Farah. 2007. The influence of sad mood on cognition. Emotion 7:802-811.
12. Davidson, J., S. Zisook, E. Giller, and M. Helms. 1989. Symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity in depression. Compr. Psychiatry 30:357-368.
13. De Houwer, J., and D. Hermans. 1994. Differences in the affective processing of words and pictures. Cogn. Emot. 8:1-20.
14. Drevets, W. C. 2001. Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression: implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11:240-249.
15. Fitzgerald, D. A., J. F. Arnold, E. S. Becker, A. E. Speckens, M. Rinck, M. Rijpkema, G. Fernández, and I. Tendolkar. 2011. How mood challenges emotional memory formation: an fMRI investigation. Neuroimage 56:1783-1790.
16. Fossati, P., S. J. Hevenor, S. J. Graham, C. Grady, M. L. Keightley, and F. Craik. 2003. In search of the emotional self: an fMRI study using positive and negative emotional words. Am. J. Psychiatry 160:1938-1945.
17. Gilboa-Schechtman, E., W. Revelle, and I. H. Gotlib. 2000. Stroop interference following mood induction: emotionality, mood congruence, concern relevance, and persistence. Cognit. Ther. Res. 24:491-503.
18. Gotlib, I. H., and J. Joormann. 2010. Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 27:285-312.
19. Gotlib, I. H., and McCann, C. D. 1984. Construct accessibility and depression: an examination of cognitive and affective factors. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 47:427-439.
20. Gotlib, I. H., E. Krasnoperova, D. N. Yue, and J. Joormann. 2004. Attentional biases for negative interpersonal stimuli in clinical depression. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 113:121-135.
21. Hill, A. B., and T. H. Knowles. 1991. Depression and the "emotional" Stroop effect. Pers. Individ. Dif. 12:481-485.
22. Joormann, J., and I. H. Gotlib. 2007. Selective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 116:80-85.
23. Kahneman, D., and A. Treisman 1984. Changing views of attention and automaticity. Pp. 29-61 in R. Parasuraman andR. Davies, eds. Varieties of attention. Academic Press, New York.
24. Koster, E. H.W., G. Crombez, B. Verschuere, S. Van Damme, and J. R.Wiersema. 2006. Components of attentional bias to threat in high trait anxiety: facilitated engagement, impaired disengagement, and attentional avoidance. Behav. Res. Ther. 44:1757-1771.
25. Koster, E. H., R. De Raedt, L. Leyman, and E. De Lissnyder. 2010. Mood-congruent attention and memory bias in dysphoria: exploring the coherence among information-processing biases. Behav. Res. Ther. 48:219-225.
26. Langenecker, S. A., L. A. Bieliauskas, L. J. Rapport, J. K. Zubieta, E. A.Wilde, and S. Berent. 2005. Face emotion perception and executive functioning deficits in depression. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 27:320-333.
27. Langner, O., R. Dotsch, G. Bijlstra, D. H. J.Wigboldus, S. T. Hawk, and A. van Knippenberg. 2010. Presentation and validation of the Radboud Faces database. Cogn. Emot. 24:1377-1388.
28. Leppänen, J. K. 2006. Emotional information processing in mood disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging findings. Curr. Opin. Psychiatry 19:34-39.
29. Leppanen, J. M., M. Milders, J. S. Bell, E. Terriere, and J. K. Hietanen. 2004. Depression biases the recognition of emotionally neutral faces. Psychiatry Res. 128: 123-133.
30. Leyman, L., R. De Raedt, R. Schacht, and E. H.W. Koster. 2006. Attentional biases for angry faces in unipolar depression. Psychol. Med. 37:393-402.
31. Lim, S. L., and J. H. Kim. 2005. Cognitive Processing of Emotional Information in Depression, Panic, and Somatoform Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1): 50-61.
32. McCabe, S. B., I. H. Gotlib, and R. A. Martin. 2000. Cognitive vulnerability for depression: deployment of attention as a function of history of depression and current mood state. Cognit. Ther. Res. 24:427-444.
33. MacLeod, C., A. Mathews, and P. Tata. 1986. Attentional bias in emotional disorders. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 95:15-20.
34. Mineka, S., D.Watson, and L. A. Clark. 1998. Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49:377-412.
35. Mitterschiffthaler, M. T., S. C. R.Williams, N. D.Walsh, A. J. Cleare, C. Donaldson, J. Scott, and C. H. Y. Fu. 2008. Neural basis of the emotional Stroop interference effect in major depression. Psychol. Med. 38:247-256.
36. Mogg, K., and B. P. Bradley. 2002. Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety. Behav. Res. Ther. 40:1403-1414.
37. Mogg, K., and B. P. Bradley. 2005. Attentional bias in generalized anxiety disorder versus depressive disorder. Cognit. Ther. Res. 29:29-45.
38. Mogg, K., B. P. Bradley, R.Williams, and A. Mathews. 1993. Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 102:304-311.
39. Mogg, K., M. Garner, and B. P. Bradley. 2007. Anxiety and orienting of gaze to angry and fearful faces. Biol. Psychol. 76:163-169.
40. Niedenthal, P. M., J. B. Halberstadt, J. Margolin, and A. H. Innes-Ker. 2000. Emotional state and the detection of change in facial expression of emotion. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 30:211-222.
41. Peeters, F. P.M. L., R. W. H. M. Ponds, andM. T.G. Vermeeren. 1996. Affectiviteit en zelfbeoordeling van depressie en angst [Affectivity and self-report of depression and anxiety]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie (Dutch Journal of Psychiatry) 38:240-250.
42. Perez, M. G., R. M. Baños-Rivera, A. B. Fuster, andM. A. Ruipérez-Rodríguez. 1999. Attentional Biases and Vulnerability to Depression. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2(1):11-19.
43. Rowe, G., J. B. Hirsh, and A. K. Anderson. 2007. Positive affect increases the breadth of attentional selection. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci USA 104:383-388.
44. Rapee, R. M., and R. G. Heimberg. 1997. A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behav. Res. Ther. 35:741-756.
45. Schmid, P. C., and M. Schmid-Mast. 2010. Mood effects on emotion recognition. Motiv. Emot. 34:288-292.
46. Schmid, P. C., M. Schmid-Mast, D. Bombari, F.W. Mast, and J. S. Lobmaier. 2011. How mood states affect information processing during facial emotion recognition: an eye tracking study. Swiss J. Psychol. 70:223-231.
47. Stroop, J. R. 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 18:643-662.
48. Van der Ploeg, H. M., P. B. Defares, and C. D. Spielberger. 1980. Handleiding bij de Zelf-Beoordelings-Vragenlijst (ZBV). Een Nederlandstalige bewerking van de Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-DY) [Manual of the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ). A Dutch revision of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-DY)]. Swets & Zeitlinger. Lisse, the Netherlands.
49. Van Honk, J., A. Tuiten, E. de Haan, M. van den Hout andH. Stam. 2001. Attentional biases for angry faces: relationships to trait anger and anxiety. Cogn. Emot. 15:279-297.
50. Westermann, R., K. Spies, G. Stahl, and F.W. Hesse. 1996. Relative effectiveness and validity of mood induction procedures. A meta-analysis. Eur. J. Soc. Psychol. 26:557-580.
51. Williams, J. M. G., A. Mathews, and C. MacLeod. 1996. The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol. Bull. 120:3-24.
52. Williams, J. M. G., F. N.Watts, C. MacLeod, and A. Mathews. 1997. Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, Chchester.