Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Hypnosis for Flying Phobia in a Treatment-Resistant Patient: A Case Report

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

Volumn 55, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 168-173

  Hirsch, Joseph A ^a  

^a PRIVATE PRACTICE   (United States)

Author keywords

aviophobia; flying phobia; hypnosis; multimodal therapy; neurobiology; virtual reality exposure therapy; VRE therapy

Indexed keywords

AGED; AIRCRAFT; ARTICLE; CASE REPORT; HUMAN; HYPNOSIS; INSTRUMENTATION; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; ONSET AGE; PHOBIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY;

AGE OF ONSET; AGED; AIRCRAFT; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; HUMANS; HYPNOSIS; MALE; PHOBIC DISORDERS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY;

EID: 84866874119     PISSN: 00029157     EISSN: 21600562     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2011.639587     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bakal, P. A. 1990. "A reframing approach for flight phobia". In Handbook of hypnotic suggestions and metaphors, Edited by: Hammond, D. C. 175-177. New York, NY: The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis.
2. Barabasz, A., Barabasz, M. and Watkins, J. G. 2011. Single-session manualized ego state therapy (EST) for combat stress injury, PTSD, and ASD, Part 1: The theory. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 59: 379-391.
3. Beck, A. T., Emery, G. and Greenberg, R. L. 2005. "Modifying the behavioral component". In Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective, 273-274. New York, NY: Basic Books.
4. Busscher, B., van Gerwen, L. J., Spinhoven, P. and de Geus, E. J. 2010. Physiological reactivity to phobic stimuli in people with fear of flying. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69: 309-317.
5. Côté, S. and Bouchard, S. 2008. Virtual reality exposure for phobias: A critical review. Journal of CyberTherapy and Rehabilitation, 1: 75-91.
6. Choy, Y., Fyer, A. and Lipsitz, J. D. 2007. Treatment of specific phobia in adults. Clinical Psychology Review, 27: 266-286.
7. Crawford, H. and Barabasz, A. 1993. "Phobias and intense fears: Facilitating their treatment with hypnosis". In Handbook of clinical hypnosis, Edited by: Rhue, J. W., Lynn, S. J. and Kirsch, I. 311-338. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
8. Da Costa, R. A, Sardinha, A. and Nardi, A. E. 2008. Reality exposure in the treatment of fear of flying. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79: 899-903.
9. Gerardi, M., Cukor, J., Difede, J., Rizzo, A. and Rothbaum, B. 2010. Virtual reality therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 12: 298-305.
10. Gibbons, D. E. 1990. "Hypnosis with phobic reactions". In Handbook of hypnotic suggestions and metaphors, Edited by: Hammond, D. C. 175-177. New York, NY: The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis.
11. Günther, V., Haller, C. and Kinzi, J. 2002. Therapy of fear of flying. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 152: 441-444.
12. Howard, W., Murphy, S. M. and Clarke, J. C. 1983. The nature and treatment of fear of flying: A controlled investigation. Behavior Therapy, 14: 557-567.
13. Kim, S., Palin, F., Anderson, P., Edwards, S. and Lindner, G. 2008. Use of skills learned in CBT for fear of flying: Managing flying anxiety after September 11th. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22: 301-309.
14. Krijn, M., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Ólafsson, M. B, van Gerwen, L. J., Spinhoven, P., Schuemie, M. J. and van der Mast, C. A. P. G. 2007. Fear of flying treatment methods: Virtual reality exposure versus cognitive behavioral therapy. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 78: 121-128.
15. McIntosh, I. 2007. Brief selective hypnotherapy in the treatment of flying phobia. Vertex, 18: 268-271.
16. Oakes, M. and Bor, R. 2010a. The psychology of fear of flying (part I): A critical evaluation of current perspectives on the nature, prevalence and etiology of fear of flying. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8: 327-338.
17. Oakes, M. and Bor, R. 2010b. The psychology of fear of flying (part II): A critical evaluation of current perspectives on approaches to treatment. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8: 339-363.
18. Patterson, D. R., Jensen, M. P., Wiechman, S. A. and Sharar, S. R. 2010. Virtual reality hypnosis for pain associated with recovery from physical trauma. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 58: 269-287.
19. Rothbaum, B., Anderson, P., Zimand, E., Hodges, L., Lang, D. and Wilson, J. 2006. Virtual reality exposure therapy and standard (in vivo) exposure therapy in the treatment of fear of flying. Behavior Therapy, 37: 80-90.
20. Roy, S. 2003. State of the art of virtual reality therapy (VRT) in phobic disorders. PsychoNology Journal, 1: 176-183.
21. Spiegel, D., Frischolz, E., Maruffi, B. and Spiegel, H. 1981. Hypnotic responsivity and the treatment of flying phobia. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 23: 239-247.
22. Spiegel, D. and Spiegel, H. 1990. "Paradigm for flying phobia. In D. C. Hammond, (Ed.)". In Handbook of hypnotic suggestions and metaphors (p. 175), New York, NY: R. The American Society of Clinical Hypnosis.
23. Stern, R. and Drummond, L. M. 1991. "Self-exposure". In The practice of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 67-68. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
24. Thompson, A., Steffert, T., Steed, A. and Gruzelier, J. 2011. A randomized control trial of the effects of hypnosis with 3-D virtual reality animation on tiredness, mood, and salivary cortisol. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 59: 122-142.
25. Torem, M. 1992. "Back from the future": A powerful age-progression technique. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 35: 81-88.
26. Wallach, H. and Bar-Zvi, M. 2007. Virtual-reality-assisted treatment of flight phobia. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 44: 29-32.
27. Wiederhold, B. K., Jang, D. P., Gevirtz, R. G., Kim, S. I. and Wiederhold, M. D. 2002. The treatment of fear of flying: A controlled study of imaginal and virtual reality graded exposure therapy. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 6: 218-223.
28. Wilhelm, F. H. and Roth, W. T. 1997. Acute and delayed effects of alprazolam on flight phobics during the exposure. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35: 831-841.