The treatment of melasma by silymarin cream

BMC Dermatology

Volumn 12, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Altaei, Tagreed ^a  

^a HAWLER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Iraq)

Author keywords

Melasma; Silymarin; Sunlight

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO; SILYMARIN;

ABSENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS; ADULT; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CHLOASMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREAM; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FEMALE; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NONHUMAN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ADULT; ANIMALS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MELANOSIS; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, ANIMAL; PROTECTIVE AGENTS; RABBITS; SILYMARIN; SKIN CREAM; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 84866792868     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14715945     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-5945-12-18     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Rendon M, Berneburg M, et al. Treatment of melasma. J Am Acad Dermato 2006, 154(5 Suppl):S272-S281.
2. Wolff K, Johnson RA, et al. Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology 2005, Toronto: McGraw-Hill.
3. James WD, Berger TG, et al. Andrews' Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology 2006, Toronto: Saunders Elsevier, Tenth.
4. Hern R, Andez-Barrera B, Torres-Alvarez, et al. Solar elastosis and presence of mast cells as key features in the pathogenesis of melasma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008, 33(3):305-308. 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02724.x, 18419607.
5. Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus). Fitoterapia 1995, 64:3-42.
6. Vladimir K, Daniela W. Silybin and silymarin - new effects and applications. Biomed Papers 2005, 149(1):29-41.
7. Choo S-J, Ryoo, et al. Silymarin inhibits melanin synthesis in melanocyte cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009, 61:663-667.
8. Hahn VG, Lehmann HD, et al. Pharmacology and toxicology of silymarin, the antihepatotoxic agent of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Arzneimittelforschung 1968, 18:698-704.
9. Mereish KA, Bunner DL, et al. Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by Silymarin: biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality. Pharm Res 1991, 8:273-277. 10.1023/A:1015868809990, 1902564.
10. Wagner VH, Diesel P, et al. Chemistry and analysis of silymarin from Silybum marianum Gaertn. Arzneimittelforschung 1974, 24:466-471.
11. Winfield AJ, Richards RME. Routes of administration and dosage forms 2004, 213-214. Churchill Livingstone: 213, 3, Pharmaceutical practice.
12. Katiyar SK, Korman NJ, et al. Protective effects of silymarin against photocarcinogenesis in a mouse skin model. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997, 89:556-566. 10.1093/jnci/89.8.556, 9106644.
13. Katiyar SK. Treatment of silymarin, a plant flavonoid, prevents ultraviolet light-induced immune suppression and oxidative stress in mouse skin. Int J Oncol 2002, 21:1213-1222.
14. Kastan MB, Zhan Q, et al. A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway. Cell 1992, 71:587-597. 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90593-2, 1423616.
15. Shindo Y, Witt E, Han D, et al. Enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in epidermis and dermis of human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1994, 102(1):122-124. 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12371744, 8288904.
16. Fuchs J, Huflejt ME, et al. Impairment of enzymic and nonenzymic antioxidants in skin by UVB irradiation. J Invest Dermatol 1989, 93(6):769-773. 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12284412, 2584742.
17. Applegate LA, Lautier D, et al. Endogenous glutathione levels modulate the frequency of both spontaneous and long wavelength ultraviolet induced mutation in human cells. Carcinogenesis 1992, 13:1557-1560. 10.1093/carcin/13.9.1557, 1394839.
18. Valenzuela A, Guerra R, et al. Antioxidant properties of the flavonoids silybin and (+)-cyanidanol-3: comparison with butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. Planta Med 1986, 5:438-440.
19. Rana P, Singh, Rajesh agarwal. Flavonoid Antioxidant Silymarin and Skin Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002, 4(4):655-663. 10.1089/15230860260220166, 12230878.