Dosimetric properties of a beam quality-matched 6 MV unflattened photon beam

Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 71-81

  Huang, Yunfei ^a   Alfredo Siochi, R ^a   Bayouth, John E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

Author keywords

Beam characteristics; Flattening filter free; Siemens linac; Unflattened photon beam

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866765223     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15269914     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1120/jacmp.v13i4.3701     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Bayouth JE, Kaiser HS, Smith MC, et al. Image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery using a specially designed high-dose-rate linac. Med Dosim. 2007;32(2):134-41.
2. O'Brien PF, Gillies BA, Schwartz M, Young C, Davey P. Radiosurgery with unflattened 6-MV photon beams. Med Phys. 1991;18(3):519-21.
3. Cashmore J, Ramtohul M, Ford D. Lowering whole-body radiation doses in pediatric intensity-modulated radiotherapy through the use of unflattened photon beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;80(4):1220-27.
4. Fu WH, Dai JR, Hu YM, Han DS, Song YX. Delivery time comparison for intensity-modulated radiation therapy with/without flattening filter: a planning study. Phys Med Biol. 2004;49(8):1535-47.
5. Kragl G, Baier F, Lutz S, et al. Flattening filter free beams in SBRT and IMRT: dosimetric assessment of peripheral doses. Z Med Phys. 2011;21(2):91-101.
6. Salter BJ, Sarkar V, Wang B, Shukla H, Szegedi M, Rassiah-Szegedi P. Rotational IMRT delivery using a digital linear accelerator in very high dose rate 'burst mode'. Phys Med Biol. 2011;56(7):1931-46.
7. Titt U, Vassiliev ON, Ponisch F, Dong L, Liu H, Mohan R. A flattening filter free photon treatment concept evaluation with Monte Carlo. Med Phys. 2006;33(6):1595-602.
8. Vassiliev ON, Kry SF, Chang JY, Balter PA, Titt U, Mohan R. Stereotactic radiotherapy for lung cancer using a flattening filter free Clinac. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2009;10(1):2880.
9. Cashmore J. The characterization of unflattened photon beams from a 6 MV linear accelerator. Phys Med Biol. 2008;53(7):1933-46.
10. Vassiliev ON, Titt U, Ponisch F, Kry SF, Mohan R, Gillin MT. Dosimetric properties of photon beams from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator. Phys Med Biol. 2006;51(7):1907-17.
11. Dalaryd M, Kragl G, Ceberg C, et al. A Monte Carlo study of a flattening filter-free linear accelerator verified with measurements. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(23):7333-44.
12. Kragl G, af Wetterstedt S, Knausl B, et al. Dosimetric characteristics of 6 and 10MV unflattened photon beams. Radiother Oncol. 2009;93(1):141-46.
13. Kry SF, Howell RM, Titt U, Salehpour M, Mohan R, Vassiliev ON. Energy spectra, sources, and shielding considerations for neutrons generated by a flattening filter-free Clinac. Med Phys. 2008;35(5):1906-11.
14. Lee PC. Monte Carlo simulations of the differential beam hardening effect of a flattening filter on a therapeutic x-ray beam. Med Phys. 1997;24(9):1485-89.
15. Mesbahi A. A Monte Carlo study on neutron and electron contamination of an unflattened 18-MV photon beam. Appl Radiat Isot. 2009;67(1):55-60.
16. Mesbahi A and Nejad FS. Monte Carlo study on a flattening filter-free 18-MV photon beam of a medical linear accelerator. Radiat Med. 2008;26(6):331-36.
17. Ponisch F, Titt U, Vassiliev ON, Kry SF, Mohan R. Properties of unflattened photon beams shaped by a multileaf collimator. Med Phys. 2006;33(6):1738-46.
18. Tsechanski A, Krutman Y, Faermann S. On the existence of low-energy photons (<150 keV) in the unflattened x-ray beam from an ordinary radiotherapeutic target in a medical linear accelerator. Phys Med Biol. 2005;50(23):5629-39.
19. Vassiliev ON, Titt U, Kry SF, Ponisch F, Gillin MT, Mohan R. Monte Carlo study of photon fields from a flattening filter-free clinical accelerator. Med Phys. 2006;33(4):820-27.
20. Zhu XR, Kang Y, Gillin MT. Measurements of in-air output ratios for a linear accelerator with and without the flattening filter. Med Phys. 2006;33(10):3723-33.
21. Kry SF, Titt U, Ponisch F, et al. Reduced neutron production through use of a flattening-filter-free accelerator. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(4):1260-64.
22. Sixel KE and Faddegon BA. Calculation of x-ray spectra for radiosurgical beams. Med Phys. 1995;22(10):1657-61.
23. Almond PR, Biggs PJ, Coursey BM, et al. AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams. Med Phys. 1999;26(9):1847-70.
24. Georg D, Knöös T, McClean B. Current status and future perspective of flattening filter free photon beams. Med Phys. 2011;38(3):1280-93.
25. Podgorsak EB. Radiation oncology physics: a handbook for teachers and students. Vienna, Austria: IAEA; 2005.
26. Xiong G and Rogers DW. Relationship between %dd(10)x and stopping-power ratios for flattening filter free accelerators: a Monte Carlo study. Med Phys. 2008;35(5):2104-09.
27. Gibbon JP (editor). Monitor unit calculations for external photon and electron beams. Madison, WI: Advanced Medical Publishing; 2000. p. 152.
28. Titt U, Vassiliev ON, Ponisch F, Kry SF, Mohan R. Monte Carlo study of backscatter in a flattening filter free clinical accelerator. Med Phys. 2006;33(9):3270-73.