메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 3723-3733

Measurements of in-air output ratios for a linear accelerator with and without the flattening filter

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCELERATION; ANTIMONY; BACKSCATTERING; RADIOTHERAPY; SCANDIUM;

EID: 33749419606     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.2349695     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (39)
  • 2
    • 0031897239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of backscatter to the monitor chamber of medical linear accelerators using target charge
    • K. L. Lam, M. S. Muthuswarmy, and R. K. Ten Harken, "Measurement of backscatter to the monitor chamber of medical linear accelerators using target charge," Med. Phys. 25, 334-338 (1998).
    • (1998) Med. Phys. , vol.25 , pp. 334-338
    • Lam, K.L.1    Muthuswarmy, M.S.2    Ten Harken, R.K.3
  • 3
    • 0028082240 scopus 로고
    • The head scatter factor for small field sizes
    • T. C. Zhu and B. E. Bjargard, "The head scatter factor for small field sizes," Med. Phys. 21, 65-68 (1994).
    • (1994) Med. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 65-68
    • Zhu, T.C.1    Bjargard, B.E.2
  • 4
    • 0029003090 scopus 로고
    • X-ray source and the output factor
    • T. C. Zhu, B. E. Bjargard, and H. Shackford, "x-ray source and the output factor," Med. Phys. 22, 793-798 (1995).
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 793-798
    • Zhu, T.C.1    Bjargard, B.E.2    Shackford, H.3
  • 5
    • 0029991359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flattening-filter-based empirical methods to parametrize the head-scatter factor
    • K. L. Lam, M. S. Muthuswamy, and R. K. Ten Haken, "Flattening- filter-based empirical methods to parametrize the head-scatter factor," Med. Phys. 23, 343-352 (1996).
    • (1996) Med. Phys. , vol.23 , pp. 343-352
    • Lam, K.L.1    Muthuswamy, M.S.2    Ten Haken, R.K.3
  • 6
    • 0031439563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical implementation of a two-component x-ray source model for calculation of head-scatter factors
    • P. A. Jursinic, "Clinical implementation of a two-component x-ray source model for calculation of head-scatter factors," Med. Phys. 24, 2001-2007 (1997).
    • (1997) Med. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 2001-2007
    • Jursinic, P.A.1
  • 7
    • 33646666620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational algorithms for independent verification of IMRT
    • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI), Chap. 5
    • C.-S. Chui, T. LoSasso, and A. Palm, "Computational algorithms for independent verification of IMRT," in A Practical Guide to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI, 2003), Chap. 5. pp. 83-101.
    • (2003) A Practical Guide to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy , pp. 83-101
    • Chui, C.-S.1    Losasso, T.2    Palm, A.3
  • 8
    • 0344393794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent dosimetric calculation with inclusion of head scatter and MLC transmission for IMRT
    • Y. Yang, L. Xing, J. L. Li, J. Palta, Y. Chen, G. Luxton, and A. L. Boyer, "Independent dosimetric calculation with inclusion of head scatter and MLC transmission for IMRT," Med. Phys. 30, 2937-2947 (2003).
    • (2003) Med. Phys. , vol.30 , pp. 2937-2947
    • Yang, Y.1    Xing, L.2    Li, J.L.3    Palta, J.4    Chen, Y.5    Luxton, G.6    Boyer, A.L.7
  • 9
    • 0034918182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysing collimator structure effects in head-scatter calculating for IMRT class fields using scatter raytracing
    • S. A. Naqvi, M. Sarfaraz, T. Holmes, C. X. Yu, and X. A. Li, "Analysing collimator structure effects in head-scatter calculating for IMRT class fields using scatter raytracing," Phys. Med. Biol. 46, 2009-2028 (2001).
    • (2001) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 2009-2028
    • Naqvi, S.A.1    Sarfaraz, M.2    Holmes, T.3    Yu, C.X.4    Li, X.A.5
  • 10
    • 0031466421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual source photon beam model used in convolution/superposition dose calculations for clinical megavoltage x-ray beams
    • H. H. Liu, T. R. Mackie, and E. C. McCullough, "A dual source photon beam model used in convolution/superposition dose calculations for clinical megavoltage x-ray beams," Med. Phys. 24, 1960-1974 (1997).
    • (1997) Med. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 1960-1974
    • Liu, H.H.1    Mackie, T.R.2    McCullough, E.C.3
  • 11
    • 0026697038 scopus 로고
    • Application of theconvolution method for calculation of output factors for therapy photon beams
    • A. Ahnesjo, T. Knoos, and A. Montelius, "Application of theconvolution method for calculation of output factors for therapy photon beams," Med. Phys. 19, 295-301 (1992).
    • (1992) Med. Phys. , vol.19 , pp. 295-301
    • Ahnesjo, A.1    Knoos, T.2    Montelius, A.3
  • 12
    • 0035142023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the extrafocal radiation and monitor chamber backscatter for photon beam dose calculation
    • S. B. Jiang, A. L. Boyer, and C. M. Ma, "Modeling the extrafocal radiation and monitor chamber backscatter for photon beam dose calculation," Med. Phys. 28, 55-66 (2001).
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 55-66
    • Jiang, S.B.1    Boyer, A.L.2    Ma, C.M.3
  • 13
    • 0027752810 scopus 로고
    • X-ray sources of medical linear accelerators: Focal and extra focal radiation
    • D. A. Jaffray, J. J. Battista, A. Fenster, and P. Munro, "x-ray sources of medical linear accelerators: Focal and extra focal radiation," Med. Phys. 20, 1417-1427 (1993).
    • (1993) Med. Phys. , vol.20 , pp. 1417-1427
    • Jaffray, D.A.1    Battista, J.J.2    Fenster, A.3    Munro, P.4
  • 14
    • 0028818473 scopus 로고
    • Extrafocal radiation: A unified approach to the prediction of beam penumbra and output factors for megavoltage x-ray beams
    • M. B. Sharpe, D. A. Jaffray, J. J. Battistta, and P. Munro, "Extrafocal radiation: A unified approach to the prediction of beam penumbra and output factors for megavoltage x-ray beams," Med. Phys. 22, 2065-2074 (1995).
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 2065-2074
    • Sharpe, M.B.1    Jaffray, D.A.2    Battistta, J.J.3    Munro, P.4
  • 15
    • 0023905228 scopus 로고
    • Output factor constituents of high energy photon beams
    • G. Luxton and M. A. Astrahan, "Output factor constituents of high energy photon beams," Med. Phys. 15, 88-91 (1987).
    • (1987) Med. Phys. , vol.15 , pp. 88-91
    • Luxton, G.1    Astrahan, M.A.2
  • 16
    • 0024547608 scopus 로고
    • Telescopic measurements of backscattered radiation from secondary collimator jaws to a beam monitor chamber using a pair of slits
    • H. Kubo, "Telescopic measurements of backscattered radiation from secondary collimator jaws to a beam monitor chamber using a pair of slits," Med. Phys. 16, 295-298 (1989).
    • (1989) Med. Phys. , vol.16 , pp. 295-298
    • Kubo, H.1
  • 17
    • 0036735826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-source model for the calculation of head scatter factors
    • Y. Yang, L. Xing, and A. L. Boyer, "A three-source model for the calculation of head scatter factors," Med. Phys. 29, 2024-2033 (2002).
    • (2002) Med. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. 2024-2033
    • Yang, Y.1    Xing, L.2    Boyer, A.L.3
  • 18
    • 0026472120 scopus 로고
    • On the field size dependence of relative output from a linear accelerator
    • P. B. Dunscombe and J. M. Nieminen, "On the field size dependence of relative output from a linear accelerator," Med. Phys. 19, 1441-1444 (1992).
    • (1992) Med. Phys. , vol.19 , pp. 1441-1444
    • Dunscombe, P.B.1    Nieminen, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 33744611288 scopus 로고
    • Photon dose calculations that include the focal and extra-focal radiation emitted by a linear accelerator
    • North Western Medical Physics Department, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
    • M. B. Sharpe, D. A. Jaffray, P. Munro, and J. J. Battista, "Photon dose calculations that include the focal and extra-focal radiation emitted by a linear accelerator," Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy, North Western Medical Physics Department, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK, 1994.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy
    • Sharpe, M.B.1    Jaffray, D.A.2    Munro, P.3    Battista, J.J.4
  • 20
    • 14644441653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Derivation of the distribution of extrafocal radiation for head scatter factor calculation
    • X. R. Zhu and M. T. Gillin, "Derivation of the distribution of extrafocal radiation for head scatter factor calculation," Med. Phys. 32, 351-359 (2005).
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 351-359
    • Zhu, X.R.1    Gillin, M.T.2
  • 21
    • 0034977515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the output ratio in air for megavoltage beams
    • T. C. Zhu, B. E. Bjargard, Y. Xiao, and J. Yang, "Modeling the output ratio in air for megavoltage beams," Med. Phys. 28, 925-937 (2001).
    • (2001) Med. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 925-937
    • Zhu, T.C.1    Bjargard, B.E.2    Xiao, Y.3    Yang, J.4
  • 22
    • 0029077416 scopus 로고
    • The fraction of photons undergoing head scatter in x-ray beams
    • T. C. Zhu and B. E. Bjargard, "The fraction of photons undergoing head scatter in x-ray beams," Phys. Med. Biol. 40, 1127-1134 (1995).
    • (1995) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 1127-1134
    • Zhu, T.C.1    Bjargard, B.E.2
  • 23
    • 0028826129 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of x-ray spectra for radiosurgical beams
    • K. E. Sixel and B. A. Faddegon, "Calculation of x-ray spectra for radiosurgical beams," Med. Phys. 22, 1657-1661 (1995).
    • (1995) Med. Phys. , vol.22 , pp. 1657-1661
    • Sixel, K.E.1    Faddegon, B.A.2
  • 24
    • 33645283656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dosimetric properties of photon beams from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator
    • O. N. Vassiliev, U. Titt, F. Pönisch, S. F. Kry, R. Mohan, and M. T. Gillin, "Dosimetric properties of photon beams from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator," Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 1907-1917 (2006).
    • (2006) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.51 , pp. 1907-1917
    • Vassiliev, O.N.1    Titt, U.2    Pönisch, F.3    Kry, S.F.4    Mohan, R.5    Gillin, M.T.6
  • 25
    • 33645281627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo study of photon fields from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator
    • O. N. Vassiliev, U. Titt, S. F. Kry, F. Pönisch, M. T. Gillin, and R. Mohan, "Monte Carlo study of photon fields from a flattening filter free clinical accelerator," Med. Phys. 33, 820-827 (2006).
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 820-827
    • Vassiliev, O.N.1    Titt, U.2    Kry, S.F.3    Pönisch, F.4    Gillin, M.T.5    Mohan, R.6
  • 26
    • 33744801983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flattening filter free photon treatment, concept evaluation with Monte Carlo
    • U. Titt, O. Vassiliev, F. Pönisch, L. Dong, H. Liu, and R. Mohan, "A flattening filter free photon treatment, concept evaluation with Monte Carlo," Med. Phys. 33, 1595-1602 (2006).
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 1595-1602
    • Titt, U.1    Vassiliev, O.2    Pönisch, F.3    Dong, L.4    Liu, H.5    Mohan, R.6
  • 29
    • 33749416815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reduction in neutron production through the use of a flattening filter free accelerator
    • (abstract)
    • S. Kry, U. Titt, F. Poenisch, O. Vassiliev, M. Salehpour, M. Gillin, and R. Mohan, "A reduction in neutron production through the use of a flattening filter free accelerator," Med. Phys. 32, 2146 (2005) (abstract).
    • (2005) Med. Phys. , vol.32 , pp. 2146
    • Kry, S.1    Titt, U.2    Poenisch, F.3    Vassiliev, O.4    Salehpour, M.5    Gillin, M.6    Mohan, R.7
  • 34
    • 0029785031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of photonbeam backscatter from collimators to the beam monitor chamber using target-current-pulse-counting and telescope technique
    • M. K. Yu, R. S. Sloboda, and F. Mansour, "Measurement of photonbeam backscatter from collimators to the beam monitor chamber using target-current-pulse-counting and telescope technique," Phys. Med. Biol. 41, 1107-1117 (1996).
    • (1996) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.41 , pp. 1107-1117
    • Yu, M.K.1    Sloboda, R.S.2    Mansour, F.3
  • 35
    • 0027966969 scopus 로고
    • Analytical modeling of photon scatter from flattening filters in photon therapy beams
    • A. Ahnesjo, "Analytical modeling of photon scatter from flattening filters in photon therapy beams," Med. Phys. 21, 1227-1235 (1994).
    • (1994) Med. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 1227-1235
    • Ahnesjo, A.1
  • 36
    • 0030758971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Head scatter modeling for irregular field shaping and beam intensity modulation
    • A. R. Hounsell and J. M. Wilkinson, "Head scatter modeling for irregular field shaping and beam intensity modulation," Phys. Med. Biol. 42, 1737-1749 (1997).
    • (1997) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 1737-1749
    • Hounsell, A.R.1    Wilkinson, J.M.2
  • 37
    • 0033781491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Backscatter towards the monitor ion chamber in high-energy photon and electron beams: Charge integration versus Monte Carlo simulation
    • F. Verhaegen, R. Symonds-Tayler, H. H. H. Liu, and A. E. Nahum, "Backscatter towards the monitor ion chamber in high-energy photon and electron beams: Charge integration versus Monte Carlo simulation," Phys. Med. Biol. 45, 3159-3170 (2000).
    • (2000) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.45 , pp. 3159-3170
    • Verhaegen, F.1    Symonds-Tayler, R.2    Liu, H.H.H.3    Nahum, A.E.4
  • 38
    • 33749388588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monte Carlo simulation of backscatter in a flattening filter free Clinac
    • (abstract)
    • U. Titt, F. Poenisch, S. F. Kry, X. R. Zhu, R. Mohan, and O. N. Vassiliev, "Monte Carlo simulation of backscatter in a flattening filter free Clinac," Med. Phys. 33, 2123 (2006) (abstract).
    • (2006) Med. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 2123
    • Titt, U.1    Poenisch, F.2    Kry, S.F.3    Zhu, X.R.4    Mohan, R.5    Vassiliev, O.N.6
  • 39
    • 0030954482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off-axis primary-dose measurements using a mini-phantom
    • S. A. Johnson and C. P. Ceberg, "Off-axis primary-dose measurements using a mini-phantom," Med. Phys. 24, 763-767 (1997).
    • (1997) Med. Phys. , vol.24 , pp. 763-767
    • Johnson, S.A.1    Ceberg, C.P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.