New insights into the proximal tendons of adductor longus, adductor brevis and gracilis

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 871-876

  Davis, J A ^a   Stringer, M D ^a   Woodley, S J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; CADAVER; FEMALE; FIBROCARTILAGE; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TENDON; THIGH; VASCULARIZATION;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CADAVER; FEMALE; FIBROCARTILAGE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; TENDONS; THIGH;

EID: 84866624131     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090044     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Arnason A, Sigurdsson SB, Gudmundsson A, et al. Risk factors for injuries in football. Am J Sports Med 2004;32:5-16S.
2. Cunningham PM, Brennan D, O'Connell M, et al. Patterns of bone and soft-tissue injury at the symphysis pubis in soccer players: observations at MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:W291-6.
3. Engström B, Forssblad M, Johansson C, et al. Does a major knee injury definitely sideline an elite soccer player? Am J Sports Med 1990;18:101-5. (Pubitemid 20041866)
4. Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. Epidemiology of muscle injuries in professional football (soccer). Am J Sports Med 2011;39:1226-32.
5. Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH. Risk factors for groin injuries in hockey. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1423-33. (Pubitemid 32834090)
6. Orchard J, Seward H. Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997-2000. Br J Sports Med 2002;36:39-44. (Pubitemid 34165276)
7. Paajanen H, Ristolainen L, Turunen H, et al. Prevalence and etiological factors of sport-related groin injuries in top-level soccer compared to non-contact sports. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2011;131:261-6.
8. Robertson BA, Barker PJ, Fahrer M, et al. The anatomy of the pubic region revisited: implications for the pathogenesis and clinical management of chronic groin pain in athletes. Sports Med 2009;39:225-34.
9. Hölmich P. Long-standing groin pain in sportspeople falls into three primary patterns, a "clinical entity" approach: a prospective study of 207 patients. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:247-52; discussion 252. (Pubitemid 350143336)
10. Werner J, Hägglund M, Waldén M, et al. UEFA injury study: a prospective study of hip and groin injuries in professional football over seven consecutive seasons. Br J Sports Med 2009;43:1036-40.
11. Gabbe BJ, Bailey M, Cook JL, et al. The association between hip and groin injuries in the elite junior football years and injuries sustained during elite senior competition. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:799-802.
12. Zoga AC, Kavanagh EC, Omar IM, et al. Athletic pubalgia and the "sports hernia": MR imaging fi ndings. Radiology 2008;247:797-807.
13. Dimitrakopoulou A, Schilders EM, Talbot JC, et al. Acute avulsion of the fi brocartilage origin of the adductor longus in professional soccer players: a report of two cases. Clin J Sport Med 2008;18:167-9. (Pubitemid 351365725)
14. Ippolito E, Postacchini F. Rupture and disinsertion of the proximal attachment of the adductor longus tendon. Case report with histochemical and ultrastructural study. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 1981;7:79-85. (Pubitemid 12083036)
15. Atkinson HD, Johal P, Falworth MS, et al. Adductor tenotomy: its role in the management of sports-related chronic groin pain. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2010;130:965-70.
16. Kälebo P, Karlsson J, Swärd L, et al. Ultrasonography of chronic tendon injuries in the groin. Am J Sports Med 1992;20:634-9.
17. Martens MA, Hansen L, Mulier JC. Adductor tendinitis and musculus rectus abdominis tendopathy. Am J Sports Med 1987;15:353-6. (Pubitemid 17118963)
18. Renström P, Peterson L. Groin injuries in athletes. Br J Sports Med 1980;14:30-6.
19. Robertson IJ, Curran C, McCaffrey N, et al. Adductor tenotomy in the management of groin pain in athletes. Int J Sports Med 2011;32:45-8.
20. Schilders E, Bismil Q, Robinson P, et al. Adductor-related groin pain in competitive athletes. Role of adductor enthesis, magnetic resonance imaging, and entheseal pubic cleft injections. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007;89:2173-8. (Pubitemid 47606163)
21. Holmich P. Adductor-related groin pain in athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 1997;5:285-91. (Pubitemid 127588550)
22. Akermark C, Johansson C. Tenotomy of the adductor longus tendon in the treatment of chronic groin pain in athletes. Am J Sports Med 1992;20:640-3.
23. Ekstrand J, Hilding J. The incidence and differential diagnosis of acute groin injuries in male soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1999;9:98-103.
24. Hölmich P, Hölmich LR, Bjerg AM. Clinical examination of athletes with groin pain: an intraobserver and interobserver reliability study. Br J Sports Med 2004;38:446-51. (Pubitemid 39044026)
25. Schilders E, Talbot JC, Robinson P, et al. Adductor-related groin pain in recreational athletes: role of the adductor enthesis, magnetic resonance imaging, and entheseal pubic cleft injections. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:2455-60.
26. Robinson P, Barron DA, Parsons W, et al. Adductor-related groin pain in athletes: correlation of MR imaging with clinical fi ndings. Skeletal Radiol 2004;33:451-7. (Pubitemid 39157495)
27. Attarian DE. Isolated acute hip adductor brevis strain. J South Orthop Assoc 2000;9:213-15. (Pubitemid 33262649)
28. Pedret C, Balius R, Barceló P, et al. Isolated tears of the gracilis muscle. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:1077-80.
29. Budinoff LC, Tague RG. Anatomical and developmental bases for the ventral arc of the human pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 1990;82:73-9. (Pubitemid 20196753)
30. Robinson P, Salehi F, Grainger A, et al. Cadaveric and MRI study of the musculotendinous contributions to the capsule of the symphysis pubis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007;188:W440-5.
31. Strauss EJ, Campbell K, Bosco JA. Analysis of the cross-sectional area of the adductor longus tendon: a descriptive anatomic study. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:996-9. (Pubitemid 46956305)
32. Tuite DJ, Finegan PJ, Saliaris A P, et al. Anatomy of the proximal musculotendinous junction of the adductor longus muscle. Knee Surg Sports Tr a u matol A r th ro s c 1998;6:134-7. (Pubitemid 128549064)
33. Brennan D, O'Connell MJ, Ryan M, et al. Secondary cleft sign as a marker of injury in athletes with groin pain: MR image appearance and interpretation. Radiology 2005;235:162-7. (Pubitemid 40432250)
34. Koulouris G. Imaging review of groin pain in elite athletes: an anatomic approach to imaging fi ndings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;191:962-72.
35. Standring S, ed. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 40th edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 2008.
36. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Sixth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Williams 2010:448-51.
37. Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P. Hollinshead's Textbook of Anatomy. Fifth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers 1997:363-8.
38. Stevens A, Lowe JS. Human Histology. Third edition. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby 2005:249.
39. Omar IM, Zoga AC, Kavanagh EC, et al. Athletic pubalgia and "sports hernia": optimal MR imaging technique and fi ndings. Radiographics 2008;28:1415-38.
40. Woodley SJ, Mercer SR. Hamstring muscles: architecture and innervation. Cells Tissues Organs (Print) 2005;179:125-41. (Pubitemid 40868795)
41. Thomeé R, Renström P, Karlsson J, et al. Patellofemoral pain syndrome in young women. I. A clinical analysis of alignment, pain parameters, common symptoms and functional activity level. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1995;5:237-44.
42. Young B, Lowe JS, Stevens A, et al. Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas. Fifth edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier 2006:189.
43. Carr AJ, Norris SH. The blood supply of the calcaneal tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1989;71:100-1. (Pubitemid 19049592)
44. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:159-74. (Pubitemid 8054849)
45. Benjamin M, Toumi H, Ralphs JR, et al. Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (žentheses') in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load. J Anat 2006;208:471-90.
46. Benjamin M, Ralphs JR. Fibrocartilage in tendons and ligaments-an adaptation to compressive load. J Anat 1998;193(Pt 4):481-94. (Pubitemid 29026948)
47. Segal RL, Catlin PA, Krauss EW, et al. Anatomical partitioning of three human forearm muscles. Cells Tissues Organs (Print) 2002;170:183-97. (Pubitemid 33151590)
48. Segal RL, Wolf SL, DeCamp MJ, et al. Anatomical partitioning of three multiarticular human muscles. Acta Anat (Basel) 1991;142:261-6.
49. Coquerel-Beghin D, Milliez PY, Auquit-Auckbur I, et al. The gracilis musculocutaneous flap: vascular supply of the muscle and skin components. Surg Radiol Anat 2006;28:588-95. (Pubitemid 44873595)
50. Macchi V, Vigato E, Porzionato A, et al. The gracilis muscle and its use in clinical reconstruction: an anatomical, embryological, and radiological study. Clin Anat 2008;21:696-704.
51. Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. Third edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann 1998:337.
52. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Injuries among male and female elite football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009;19:819-27.
53. Cutts A. Shrinkage of muscle fi bres during the fi xation of cadaveric tissue. J Anat 1988;160:75-8.