The British Final Magdalenian: Society, settlement and raw material movements revealed through LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of diagnostic artefacts

Quaternary International

Volumn 272-273, Issue , 2012, Pages 275-287

  Pettitt, P ^a   Rockman, M ^b   Chenery, S ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

^c BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTIFACT; BEDROCK; FLINT; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; INTERSTADIAL; LATE GLACIAL; MOBILITY; PALEOLITHIC; TRACE ELEMENT;

ENGLAND; LINCOLNSHIRE; SALISBURY PLAIN; UNITED KINGDOM; WILTSHIRE;

EID: 84866550983     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.05.019     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Armstrong A.L. Excavations at Mother Grundy's Parlour, Creswell Crags, Derbyshire. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1925, 55:146-178.
2. Audouze F., Cahen D., Keeley L.H., Schmider B. Le site Magdalénien du Buisson Campin à Verberie (Oise). Gallia Préhistoire 1981, 24:99-143.
3. Britain's Oldest Art: the Ice Age Cave Art of Creswell Crags 2009, English Heritage, London. P. Bahn, P. Pettitt (Eds.).
4. Barber M., Field D., Topping P. The Neolithic Flint Mines of England 1999, English Heritage, Swindon.
5. Barton R.N.E. The en éperon technique in the British Late Upper Palaeolithic. Lithics 1990, 11:31-33.
6. Barton R.N.E., Roberts A.J. Reviewing the British Late Upper Palaeolithic: new evidence for chronological patterning in the Lateglacial record. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 1996, 15:245-265.
7. Barton R.N.E., Jacobi R.M., Stapert D., Street M.J. The Late-Glacial reoccupation of the British Isles and the Creswellian. Journal of Quaternary Science 2003, 18:631-643.
8. Bignon O. Regional populations and exploitation of large herbivores in the Paris Basin during the Late Glacial: in search of an integrated model. Humans, Environment and Chronology of the Late Glacial of the North European Plain 2009, 27-38. Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, Mainz. M. Street, R.N.E. Barton, T. Terberger (Eds.).
9. Bodu P. Magdalenians-early Azilians in the centre of the Paris Basin: a filiation? The example of Le Closeau (Rueil-Malmaison, France). The Organisation of Lithic Technology in Late Glacial and Early Postglacial Europe 1998, 131-147. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 700. S. Milliken (Ed.).
10. Bodu P. Datations absolues sur les sequences archéologiques tardiglaciaires du sud du Bassin Parisien. Habitats et Peuplements Tardiglaciaires du Bassin Parisien 2004, 175-177. équipe Ethnologie Préhistorique, Nanterre. B. Valentin, P. Bodu, M. Julien (Eds.).
11. Breuil, H. 1937. Les subdivisions du Paléolithique Supérieur et leur signification. Congrès International d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie Préhistoriques: Compte rendu de la XIVe session, Genève 1912.
12. Brooks S.J., Birks H.J.B. Chironomid-inferred Late-Glacial air temperatures at Whitrig Bog, southeast Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science 2000, 15:759-764.
13. Campbell J.B. The Upper Palaeolithic of Britain: a Study of Man and Nature in the Late Ice Age 1977, Clarenden Press, Oxford.
14. Charles R. Incised ivory fragments and other late upper palaeolithic finds from Gough's cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 1989, 18:400-408.
15. Charles R. Final Magdalenian Chronology and Faunal Exploitation in the North-Western Ardennes 1998, Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 737.
16. Charles R. Garrod and the Belgian Creswellian. Dorothy Garrod and the Progress of the Palaeolithic 1999, 57-76. Oxbow, Oxford. W. Davies, R. Charles (Eds.).
17. Chatwin C.P. British Regional Geology: East Anglia and Adjoining Areas 1961, HMSO, London.
18. Chenery S., Cook J.M. Determination of rare earth elements in single mineral grains by laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - preliminary study. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 1993, 8:299-303.
19. Coles B.J. Doggerland: a speculative survey. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 1998, 64:45-82.
20. Collins P.E.F., Fenwick I.M., Keith-Lucas M., Worsley P. Late Devensian river and floodplain dynamics ad related environmental change in northwest Europe, with particular reference to a site at Woolhampton, Berkshire, England. Journal of Quaternary Science 1996, 11:357-375.
21. Coope G.R., Brophy J.A. Late Glacial environmental changes indicated by a coleopteran succession succession from North Wales. Boreas 1972, 1:97-142.
22. Cooper L. A Creswellian campsite, Newtown Linford. Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeology and History Society 2002, 76:78-80.
23. Craddock P.T., Cowell M.R., et al. The trace element composition of polished flint axes as an indicator of source. Archaeometry 1983, 25(2):135-163.
24. Croisset E.de, Schmider B. Les produits de débitage. Marsangy 1992, Liège: Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de 'Université de Liège 55, pp. 87-107. B. Schmider (Ed.).
25. Currant A. The Lateglacial mammal fauna of Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 1986, 17:286-304.
26. Currant A., Jacobi R. The mammal faunas of the British Late pleistocene. The Ancient Human Occupation of Britain 2011, 165-180. Elsevier, Amsterdam. N. Ashton, S. Lewis, C. Stringer (Eds.).
27. Debout G., Le Jeune Y., Djéma H., Bignon O., Charier M.-A., Peschaux C. La découverte du gisement de la Haye aux Mureaux (Yvelines) et ses implications sur la connaisance du peuplement magdalénien d'Ile-de-France. Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 2011, 108:221-246.
28. Dewez M. Research and reflections on the human occupation of Wallonia (Belgium) during the Late Last Glacial. Studies in the Upper Palaeolithic of Britain and Northwest Europe 1986, 227-234. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 296. D.A. Roe (Ed.).
29. Earp J.R., Hains B.A. British Regional Geology: The Welsh Borderland 1971, HMSO, London.
30. Edmonds E.A., McKeown M.C., Williams M. British Regional Geology: South-West England 1969, HMSO, London.
31. Edwards W., Trotter F.M. British Regional Geology: the Pennines and Adjacent Areas 1954, HMSO, London.
32. Féblot-Augustins J. La Circulation des Matières Premières au Paléolithique 1997, Liège: Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de 'Université de Liège 75.
33. Fiedorczuk J., Schild R. Wilczyce - a new Final Magdalenian site in Poland. Recent Studies in the Final Palaeolithic of the European Plain 2002, vol. 39:91-100. Jutland Archaeological Society Publications, Højbjerg.
34. Floss H. La fin du Paléolithique en Rhenanie (Magdalénien, groupes à Federmesser, Ahrensbourgien). L'évolution du choix des matières premières lithiques, reflet d'un profond changement du climat et du comportement humain. L'Europe Centrale et Septentrionale au Tardiglaciaire 2000, vol. 7:87-95. Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ille-de-France, Nemours.
35. Gallois R.W. The Wealden District 1965, HMSO, London.
36. Gallois R.W. The Origin of the clay-with-flints: the missing link. Geoscience in South-West England 2009, 12:153-161.
37. Gamble C. Human display and dispersal: a case study from Biotidal Britain in the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. Evolutionary Anthropology 2009, 18:144-156.
38. Gamble C., Davies W., Pettitt P., Richards M. Climate change and evolving human diversity in Europe during the last glacial. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 2004, B359:243-254.
39. Gamble C., Davies W., Pettitt P., Richards M., Hazelwood L. The archaeological and genetic foundations of the European population during the Lateglacial: implications for 'agricultural thinking'. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2005, 15:193-223.
40. Garrod D.A. The Upper Palaeolithic Age in Britain 1926, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
41. Garton D., Jacobi R.M. An extensive Later Upper Palaeolithic flint scatter at Farndon fields, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. The Archaeological Journal 2009, 166:1-37.
42. Gibbard P.L. Flint gravels in the Quaternary of Southeast England. The Scientific Study of Flint and Chert: Proceedings of the Fourth International Flint Symposium Held Brighton Polytechnic 10-15 April 1983 1984, 141-149. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. G.D.G. Sieveking, M.B. Hart (Eds.).
43. Gilot E. Datations C14. Le Magdalenien du Trou de Chaleux (Hulsonniaux-Belgique) 1994, 169. études et Recherches Archéoligiques de l'Université de Liège 60, Liège. M. Otte (Ed.).
44. Golledge R.G. Human Wayfinding and Cognitive maps. Colonization of Unfamiliar Landscapes: The Archaeology of Adaptation 2003, 25-43. Routledge, London. M. Rockman, J. Steele (Eds.).
45. Green G.W., Welch F.B.A. Geology of the Country Around Wells and Cheddar 1965, HMSO, London.
46. 14C dates. Quartãr 2008, 55:17-40.
47. Hains B.A., Horton A. British Regional Geology: Central England 1969, HMSO, London.
48. Hawkes C.J., Tratman E.K., Powers R. Decorated piece of rib bone from the Palaeolithic levels at Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 1970, 12:137-142.
49. Henson Donald The flint resources of Yorkshire and the East Midlands. Lithics 1985, 6:2-9.
50. Hopson P.M. A Stratigraphical Framework for the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of England and Scotland, with Statements on the Chalk of Northern Ireland and the UK Offshore Sector 2005, British Geological Survey Research Report, British Geological Survey, Keyworth.
51. Jacobi R.M. Northern England in the Eighth Millennium BC: an essay. The Early Postglacial Settlement of Northern Europe 1978, 295-332. Duckworth, London. P. Mellars (Ed.).
52. Jacobi R.M. The history and literature of Pleistocene discoveries at Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 1986, 17(2):102-115.
53. Jacobi R. The Creswellian, Creswell and Cheddar. The Late Glacial in North-west Europe: Human Adaptation and Environmental Change at the End of the Pleistocene 1991, 128-140. Council for British Archaeology, London. R.N.E. Barton, A.J. Roberts, D.A. Roe (Eds.).
54. Jacobi R.M. The Late Pleistocene archaeology of Somerset. Somerset Archaeology: Papers to Mark 150 Years of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 2000, 45-52. Somerset County Council, Taunton. C.J. Webster (Ed.).
55. Jacobi R.M. The Late Upper Palaeolithic lithic collection from Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset and human use of the cave. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 2004, 70:1-92.
56. Jacobi R.M. The Stone Age archaeology of Church Hole, Creswell Crags, Nottinghamshire. Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context 2007, 71-111. Oxford University Press, Oxford. P. Pettitt, P. Bahn, S. Ripoll (Eds.).
57. Jacobi R.M., Higham T.F.G. The early Lateglacial re-colonisation of Britain: new radiocarbon evidence from Gough's Cave, southwest England. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:1895-1913.
58. Julien M. Activites saisonnieres et deplacements des Magdaleniens dans le Bassin Parisien. Le Magdelenien en Europe. La Structurations du Magdalénien 1989, 177-191. Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de 'Université de Liège 38, Liège. J.-P. Rigaud (Ed.).
59. Kabaciński J., Sobkowiak-Tabaka I. The Eastern extension - new data on the Hamburgian in Poland. A Mind Set on Flint. Studies in Honour of Dick Stapert 2012, 217-234. Barkhuis, Groningen. M.J.L. Niekus, R.N.E. Barton, M. Street, T. Terberger (Eds.).
60. Karlin C. Fouilles de Pincevent: essai d'analyse ethnographique d'un habitat Magdalénien (La Section 36). VIIe Supplément à Gallia Préhistoire 1972, 263-278. A. Leroi-Gourhan, M. Brézillon (Eds.).
61. Kellaway G.A., Welch F.B.A. British Regional Geology: Bristol and Gloucester District 1948, HMSO, London.
62. Kent P., Gaunt G.B., Wood C.J. British Regional Geology: Eastern England from the Tees to the Wash 1980, HMSO, London.
63. Kramer E., Houtsma P., Schilstra J. The Creswellian site at Siegerswoude II (gemeente Opsterland, province of Friesland, the Netherlands). Palaeohistoria 1985, 27:67-88.
64. Lejeune M. Les fouilles récentes. Le Magdalenien du Trou de Chaleux (Hulsonniaux-Belgique) 1994, 47-168. Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de 'Université de Liège 60, Liège. M. Otte (Ed.).
65. Leroi-Gourhan A., Brézillon M. L'habitation Magdalénienne No 1 de Pincevent près Montereau (Seine-et-Maritime). Gallia Préhistoire 1966, 9:263-371.
66. Lord T.C., O'Connor T.P., Siebrandt D.C., Jacobi R.M. People and large carnivores as biostratinomic agents in Lateglacial cave assemblages. Journal of Quaternary Science 2007, 22:681-694.
67. Manby T.G. The Neolithic period in eastern Yorkshire. Archaeology in Eastern Yorkshire: Essays in Honor of T C M Brewster FSA 1988, 35-88. J.R. Collis Publications, Sheffield. T.G. Manby (Ed.).
68. Melville R.V., Freshney E.C. British Regional Geology: The Hampshire Basin and Adjoining Areas 1982, HMSO, London.
69. Miller R., Noiret P. Recent results for the Belgian Magdalenian. Humans, Environment and Chronology of the Late Glacial of the North European Plain 2009, Proceedings of Workshop 14 (Commission XXXII) of the 15th UISPP Congress, Lisbon September 2006. Mainz: RGZM, pp. 39-53. M. Street, N. Barton, T. Terberger (Eds.).
70. Mortimore R. A chalk revolution: what have we done to the chalk of England?. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 2011, 122:232-297.
71. Otte M. Le Magdalénien de Belgique: un apercu. Le Magdalénien en Europe: La Structuration du Magdalénien 1989, 63-80. études et Recherches Archéoligiques de l'Université de Liège 38, Liège. J.-P. Rigaud (Ed.).
72. Le Magdalenien du Trou du Chaleux (Hulsonniaux-Belgique) 1994, études et Recherches Archéoligiques de l'Université de Liège 60, Liège. M. Otte (Ed.).
73. Owen L. Distorting the Past: Gender and the Division of Labor in the European Upper Palaeolithic 2005, Kerns Verlag, Tübingen.
74. Parkin R.A., Rowley-Conwy P., Sergeantson D. Late Palaeolithic exploitation of horse and red deer at Gough's Cave, Cheddar, Somerset. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 1986, 17:311-330.
75. Pettitt P.B. Cultural form and context of the Creswell images: an interpretative model. Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context 2007, 112-139. Oxford University Press, Oxford. P.B. Pettitt, P. Bahn, S. Ripoll (Eds.).
76. Pettitt P.B. The British Upper palaeolithic. Prehistoric Britain 2008, 18-57. Blackwell Studies in Global Archaeology, London. J. Pollard (Ed.).
77. Pettitt P.B., Bahn P. Rock art and art mobilier of the British Upper Palaeolithic. Art as Metaphor: The Prehistoric Rock-art of Britain 2007, 9-38. Archaeopress, Oxford. A. Mazel, G.H. Nash, C. Waddington (Eds.).
78. Pettitt P.B., Jacobi R.M. The Palaeolithic archaeology of Creswell Crags. Britain's Oldest Art: the Ice Age Cave Art of Creswell Crags 2009, 16-35. English Heritage, London. P. Bahn, P. Pettitt (Eds.).
79. Pettitt P., White M. The British Palaeolithic. Human Societies at the Edge of the Pleistocene World 2012, Routledge, Abingdon.
80. Palaeolithic Cave Art at Creswell Crags in European Context 2007, Oxford University Press, Oxford. P.B. Pettitt, P. Bahn, S. Ripoll (Eds.).
81. Pike A.W.G., Gilmore M., Pettitt P.B., Jacobi R., Ripoll S., Bahn P., Muñoz F. Independent U-Series verification of the Pleistocene antiquity of the Palaeolithic Cave art at Creswell Crags, UK. Journal of Archaeological Science 2005, 32:1649-1655.
82. Pike A.W.G., Gilmour M., Pettitt P.B. Verification of the age of the Palaeolithic cave art at Creswell Crags using Uranium-series disequilibrium dating. Britain's Oldest Art: The Ice Age Cave Art of Creswell Crags 2009, 87-95. English Heritage, London. P. Bahn, P.B. Pettitt (Eds.).
83. Połtowice-Bobak M. Magdalenian settlement in Poland in the light of recent research. Humans, Environment and Chronology of the Late Glacial of the North European Plain 2009, Proceedings of Workshop 14 (Commission XXXII) of the 15th UISPP Congress, Lisbon September 2006. Mainz: RGZM, pp. 55-66. M. Street, N. Barton, T. Terberger (Eds.).
84. Rensink E. L'observation du gibier et le débitage des nucleus: un poste de guet du Magdalénien à Mesch (Limbourg, Pays-Bas). Helinium 1991, XXXI:5-59.
85. Rensink E. Eyserheide: a Final Magdalenian site on the fringe of the northern Loessbelt (Limburg, The Netherlands). Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 1992, 22:315-327.
86. Rensink E. On Magdalenian mobility and land use in north-west Europe. Archaeological Dialogues 1995, 1995-2:85-119.
87. Rensink E. Regional-scale variation and the Magdalenian record of northwestern Europe. Regional Approaches to Adaptation in Late Pleistocene Western Europe 2000, 133-146. British Archaeological Reports International Series 896, Oxford. G. Larsen-Peterkin, H.A. Price (Eds.).
88. Rensink E., de Kort J.-W. A new Hamburgian site near Stroe (province of Gelderland), The Netherlands. A Mind Set on Flint. Studies in Honour of Dick Stapert 2012, 235-250. Barkhuis, Groningen. M.J.L. Niekus, R.N.E. Barton, M. Street, T. Terberger (Eds.).
89. Richards M.P., Hedges R.E.M., Jacobi R.M., Currant A.P., Stringer C.B. Gough's Cave and Sun Hole Cave human stable isotope values indicate a high animal protein diet in the British Upper Palaeolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science 2000, 27:1-3.
90. Riede F., Grimm S.B., Weber M.-J., Fahlke J.M. Neue Daten für alte Grabungen - ein Beitrag zur spätglazialen Archäologie und Faunengeschichte Norddeutschlands. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 2010, 40:297-316.
91. Rockman M. Landscape Learning in the Late Glacial Recolonization of Britain 2003, University of Arizona Department of Anthropology, Tucson.
92. Colonization of Unfamiliar Landscapes: The Archaeology of Adaptation 2003, Routledge, London. M. Rockman, J. Steele (Eds.).
93. Saville A. Prehistoric quarrying of a secondary flint source: evidence from north-east Scotland. The Cultural Landscape of Prehistoric Mines 2005, 1-13. Oxbow, Oxford. P. Topping, M. Lynott (Eds.).
94. Schmider B. Marsangy. Un Campement des Derniers Chasseurs Magdaléniens, sur les Bords de l'Yonne 1992, Liège: études et Recherches Archéoligiques de l'Université de Liège 55.
95. Scott P.W. Distribution of flint and chert in Quaternary and recent gravel aggregates in the United Kingdom. Transactions of the Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 1993, 102:B1-B4.
96. Sherlock R.L. British Regional Geology: London and the Thames Valley 1947, HMSO, London.
97. Spikins P., Conneller C., Ayestaran H., Scaife B. GIS based interpolation applied to distinguishing occupation phases of early Prehistoric sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 2002, 29:235-1245.
98. Stapert D., Johansen L. Flint and pyrite: making fire in the Stone Age. Antiquity 1999, 73:765-767.
99. Stapert D., Johansen L. The Creswellian site at Zeijen (Prov. Of Drenthe, The Netherlands): an encampment with a probable tent ring. Patina: Essays Presented to Jay Jordan Butler on the Occasion of His 80th Birthday 2001, 503-526. Metz, van Beek and Steegstra, Groningen/Amsterdam. W.H. Metz, B.L. van Beek, H. Steegstra (Eds.).
100. Stevens R.E., Hedges R.E.M. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of northwest European horse bones and tooth collagen, 40,000 BP-present: palaeoclimatic interpretations. Quaternary Science Reviews 2004, 23:977-991.
101. Stevens R., O'Connell T.C., Hedges R.E.M., Street M. Radiocarbon and stable isotope investigations at the central Rhineland sites of Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg, Germany. Journal of Human Evolution 2009, 57:131-148.
102. Street M. The archaeology of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the northern Rhineland, Germany. Quaternary International 1998, 49/50:45-67.
103. Street M. Aspects of Late Upper Palaeolithic settlement and chronology in northern central Europe. L'Europe Centrale et Septentrionale au Tardiglaciaire: Table-Ronde de Nemours 13-16 Mai 1997 2000, Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile de France 7, pp. 55-71. P. Bodu, J.A. Christensen (Eds.).
104. Street M., Baales M., Weninger B. Absolute chronologie des späten Paläolothikums und des frühmesolithikums im nördlichen Rhineland. Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 1994, 24:1-28.
105. Taylor B.J., Burgess I.C., Land D.H., Mills D.A.C., Smith D.B., Warren P.T. British Regional Geology: Northern England 1971, HMSO, London.
106. Terberger T., Street M. Haitus or continuity? New results for the question of pleniglacial settlement in Central Europe. Antiquity 2002, 76:691-698.
107. Tolan-Smith C. Radiocarbon chronology and the Lateglacial and Early Postglacial resettlement of the British Isles. Quaternary International 1998, 49/50:21-27.
108. Vermeersch P.M., Lauwers R., Van Peer P., Munaut A.V., Gullentops F. Un site Magdalénien à Kanne (Limbourg). Archaeologica Belgica 1985, I:17-54.
109. Vermeersch P.M., Symens N., Vynckier P., Gijselings G., Lauwers R. Orp, site Magdalénien de plein air (comm. de Orp-Jauche). Archeologia Belgica 1987, III:7-56.
110. Walker M.J.C. Climatic changes in Europe during the Last Glacial/Interglacial transition. Quaternary International 1995, 28:63-76.
111. Walker M.J.C., Coope G.R., Lowe J.J. The Devensian Weichselian Lateglacial palaeoenvironmental record from Gransmoor, East Yorkshire, England. Quaternary Science Reviews 1993, 12:659-680.
112. Weber M.-J. Typologische und technologische aspekte des fundplatzes Le Tureau des Gardes 7 (Seine-et-Marne, Frankreich) -ein betrag zur erforschung des Magdalénien im Pariser Becken. Archãologisches Korrespondenzblatt 2006, 36:159-178.
113. Wickham-Jones C.R., Collins G.H. The sources of flint and chert in northern Britain. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1977, 109:7-21.
114. Williams C.L. The cherts of the Upper Greensand (Cretaceous) of south-east Devon. The Scientific Study of Flint and Chert: Proceedings of the Fourth International Flint Symposium Held Brighton Polytechnic 10-15 April 1983 1984, 63-70. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. G.D.G. Sieveking, M.B. Hart (Eds.).
115. Wilson V. British Regional Geology: East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire 1948, HMSO, London.