Interdisciplinary interpretations and applications of the concept of scale in landscape research

Journal of Environmental Management

Volumn 113, Issue , 2012, Pages 137-145

  Higgins, Sarah ^a   Mahon, Marie ^a   McDonagh, John ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Ecology; European landscape convention; Geography; Integrative research; Landscape; Landscape ecology; Scale; Spatial planning

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FACINGS;

ECONOMIC CHALLENGES; EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION; GEOGRAPHY; INTEGRATIVE RESEARCH; LANDSCAPE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; LANDSCAPE RESEARCH; SCALE; SOCIAL CHALLENGES; SPATIAL PLANNING;

ECOLOGY;

APPLIED SCIENCE; CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CONVERGENCE; INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH; LAND USE PLANNING; LANDSCAPE; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; POLICY MAKING; RESEARCH WORK; SPATIAL PLANNING; TWENTY FIRST CENTURY;

ECOLOGY; GEOGRAPHY; LANDSCAPE; PLANNING; POLICY; REVIEW;

EUROPE;

EID: 84866538687     PISSN: 03014797     EISSN: 10958630     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.08.027     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Regional Development and Spatial Planning in an Enlarged European Union 2006, Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Aldershot, England. N. Adams, J. Alden, N. Harris (Eds.).
2. Albrechts L., Healey P., Kunzmann R. Strategic spatial planning and regional governance in Europe. Journal of American Planning Associate 2003, 69:113-129.
3. Albrechts L., Healey P., Kunzmann R. Strategic (spatial) planning re-examined. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2004, 31:743-758.
4. Allmendinger P., Haughton G. The fluid scales and scope of UK spatial planning. Environment and Planning A 2007, 39:1478-1496.
5. Allmendinger P., Haughton G. Critical reflections on spatial planning. Environment and Planning A 2009, 41:2544-2549.
6. Amin A. Spatialities of globalisation. Environment and Planning A 2002, 34:385-399.
7. Antrop M. Background concepts for integrated landscape analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 2000, 77:17-28.
8. Antrop M. The language of landscape ecologists and planners: a comparative content analysis of concepts used in landscape ecology. Landscape and Urban Planning 2001, 55:163-173.
9. Antrop M. From holistic landscape synthesis to transdisciplinary landscape management. Wageningen UR Frontis Series, No. 12 2005, 27-50. Springer Science + Business Media, Available at:, (last accessed 29.11.11.). http://library.wur.nl/frontis/landscape_research/03_antrop.pdf, B. Tress, G. Tress, G. Fry, P. Opdam (Eds.).
10. Baker V.R. Hypotheses and geomorphological reasoning. The Scientific Nature of Geomorphology 1996, 57-86. John Wiley, New York. B. Rhoads, C. Thorn (Eds.).
11. Baker V.R. Discovering earth's future in its past: palaeohydrology and global environmental change. Global Continental Changes: the Context of Palaeohydrology 1996, 73-86. The Geological Society, London. J. Branson, A.G. Brown, K.J. Gregory (Eds.).
12. Beven K. Linking parameters across scales: subgrid parameterizations and scale dependent hydrological models. Hydrological Processes 1995, 9:507-525.
13. Bonnett A. What is Geography? 2008, Sage Publications, London.
14. Brenner N. New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood 2004, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
15. Campbell S. Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: urban planning and contradictions of sustainable development. Journal of the American Planning Association 1996, 62(3):296-312.
16. Cash D.W., Adger W., Berkes F., Garden P., Lebel L., Olsson P., Pritchard L., Young O. Scale and cross-scale dynamics: governance and information in a multilevel world. Ecology and Society 2006, 11(2):8. Available at:, (last accessed 27.07.12.). http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol11/iss2/art8/.
17. Castree N. Nature and society. The Sage Handbook of Geographical Knowledge 2011, 287-299. Sage Publications Ltd., London. J.A. Agnew, D.N. Livingstone (Eds.).
18. Chave J., Levin S.A. Scale and scaling in ecological and economic systems. Environmental and Resource Economics 2003, 26:527-557.
19. Clark W.C. Scales of climate impacts. Climatic Change 1985, 7:5-27.
20. Conrad E., Christie M., Fazey I. Is research keeping up with changes in landscape policy? A review of the literature. Journal of Environmental Management 2011, 92:2097-2108.
21. The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of Past Environments 1988, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. D. Cosgrove, S. Daniels (Eds.).
22. Cosgrove D. Cultural landscapes. The Dictionary of Human Geography 2000, 138-141. Blackwell, Malden, MA. fourth ed. R.J. Johnston, D. Gregory, G. Pratt, M. Watts (Eds.).
23. Council of Europe European Landscape Convention 2000, ETS, p. 176. Available at:, (last accessed 29.11.11.). http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm.
24. DeBoer D.H. Hierarchies and spatial scale in process Geomorphology. Geomorphology 1992, 4:303-318.
25. Delaney D., Leitner H. The political construction of scale. Political Geography 1997, 16(2):93-97.
26. deLaplante K. Philosophy of ecology: overview. Encyclopedia of Ecology 2008, 2709-2715. Elsevier B.V., Oxford. S.E. Jorgensen, B. Fath (Eds.).
27. Delcourt H.R., Delcourt P.A. Quaternary landscape ecology: relevant scales in space and time. Landscape Ecology 1988, 2:23-44.
28. Department of the Environment and Local Government The National Spatial Strategy 2002-2020 People, Places and Potential 2002, Government Publications Office, Dublin, Ireland.
29. Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government Implementing the National Spatial Strategy: 2010 Update and Outlook 2010, Government Publications Office, Dublin, Ireland.
30. Duncan N., Duncan J. Doing landscape interpretation. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Geography 2010, 225-247. Sage Publications Ltd., London. D. DeLyser, S. Herbert, S. Aitken, M. Crang, L. McDowell (Eds.).
31. Ermischer G. Mental landscape: landscape as idea and concept. Landscape Research 2004, 29:371-384.
32. Fahrig L. When is a landscape perspective important?. Issues and Perspectives in Landscape Ecology 2005, 3-10. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. J.A. Wien, M.R. Moss (Eds.).
33. Forman R.T.T., Godron M. Landscape Ecology 1986, John Wiley, New York.
34. Gibson C.C., Ostrom E., Ahn T.K. The concept of scale and the human dimensions of global change: a survey. Ecological Economics 2000, 32:217-239.
35. Gray M. Landscape: the physical layer. Key Concepts in Geography 2009, 265-285. Sage, London. second ed. N.J. Clifford, S.L. Holloway, S.P. Rice, G. Valentine (Eds.).
36. Groening G. The 'landscape must become law' - or should it?. Landscape Research 2007, 32:595-612.
37. Harvey D. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference 1996, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
38. Geographies of Power: Placing Scale 2002, Blackwell, Oxford. A. Herod, M.W. Wright (Eds.).
39. Howard P. Spatial planning for landscape: mapping the pitfalls. Landscape Research 2004, 29:423-434.
40. Howitt R. Scale as relation: musical metaphors of geographical scale. Area 1998, 30.1:49-58.
41. Howitt R. Scale. A Companion to Political Geography 2003, 138-157. Blackwell, Oxford. J. Agnew, K. Mitchell, G. O'Tuathail (Eds.).
42. Huggett R.J. Geoecology: an Evolutionary Approach 1995, Routledge, London.
43. Ingold T. The Perception of the Environment: Essays in Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill 2000, Routledge, London.
44. Jessop B. The crisis of the national spatio-temporal fix and the ecological dominance of globalizing capitalism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Studies 2000, 24:273-310.
45. Jonas A. The scale politics of spatiality. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1994, 12:257-264.
46. Jones M. The rise of the regional state in economic governance: 'partnerships for prosperity' or new scales of state power?. Environment and Planning A 2001, 33:1185-1211.
47. Jones M. The concept of cultural landscape: discourse and narratives. Landscape Interfaces: Cultural Heritage in Changing Landscapes 2003, 21-51. Kluwer, Dordrecht. H. Palang, G. Fry (Eds.).
48. Jones M. The European Landscape Convention and the question of public participation. Landscape Research 2007, 32(5):613-633.
49. Jones M., Howard P., Olwig K.R., Primdahl J., Herlin I.S. Multiple interfaces of the European Landscape Convention. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 2007, 61(4):207-216.
50. Last, K., 2006. Heritage and identity: the challenge of landscapes to the nature/culture dichotomy. In: Sassatelli, M. (Ed.), Landscape as Heritage: Negotiating European Cultural Identity, EUI Working Paper, pp. 17-26. Available at: (last accessed 27.07.12.). http://www.eui.eu/RSCAS/WP-Texts/06_05.pdf.
51. Lefebvre H. The Production of Space 1991, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
52. Levin S.A. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 1992, 73(6):1943-1967.
53. Levin S.A., Pacala S.W. Theories of simplification and scaling of spatially distributed processes. Spatial Ecology 1997, 271-295. Princeton University Press, Princeton. D. Tilman, P. Kareiva (Eds.).
54. Mackenzie A., Ball A.S., Virdee S.R. Instant Notes Ecology 2001, BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd., Oxford. second ed.
55. Manson S.M. Does scale exist? An epistemological scale continuum for complex human-environment systems. Geoforum 2008, 39:776-788.
56. Marston S.A. The social construction of scale. Progress in Human Geography 2000, 24(2):219-242.
57. Marston S.A., Jones J.P., Woodward K. Human geography without scale. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 2005, 30(4):416-432.
58. Matthews F., Alden J. Balanced regional development and the national spatial strategy: addressing the challenges of economic growth and spatial change in Ireland. Regional Development and Spatial Planning in an Enlarged European Union 2006, 129-154. Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Aldershot, England. N. Adams, J. Alden, N. Harris (Eds.).
59. Meentemeyer V. Geographical perspectives of space, time and scale. Landscape Ecology 1989, 3(3/4):163-173.
60. Meyer W.B., Gregory D., Turner B.L., McDowell P.F. The local-global continuum. Geography's Inner Worlds 1992, 255-279. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ. R.F. Abler, M.G. Marcus, J.M. Olson (Eds.).
61. Mitchell D. Cultural Geography: a Critical Understanding 2000, Blackwell, Oxford.
62. Muir R. Approaches to Landscape 1999, Macmillan, London.
63. Olwig K.R. Landscape, Nature and the Body Politic: From Britain's Renaissance to America's New World 2002, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
64. Olwig K.R. The European Landscape Convention as 'interface'. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 2007, 61(4):214-215. M. Jones, P. Howard, K.R. Olwig, J. Primadahl, I.S. Herlin (Eds.).
65. Olwig K.R. The practice of landscape 'conventions' and the just landscape: the case of the European Landscape Convention. Landscape Research 2007, 32:579-594.
66. Opdam P., Foppen R., Vos C. Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology. Landscape Ecology 2002, 16:767-779.
67. Ecological Scale: Theory and Applications 1998, Columbia University Press, New York. D.L. Peterson, V.T. Parker (Eds.).
68. Phillips J.D. Methodology, scale and the field of dreams. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1999, 89(4):754-760.
69. Phillips J.D. Independence, contingency, and scale linkage in physical geography. Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method 2004, 86-100. Blackwell, Oxford. E. Sheppard, R.B. McMaster (Eds.).
70. Rose G. Landscapes and labyrinths. Geoforum 2002, 33:455-467.
71. Ruddell D., Wentz E.A. Multi-tasking: scale in geography. Geography Compass 2009, 3/2:681-697.
72. Sarlöv Herlin I. New challenges in the field of spatial planning: landscapes. Landscape Research 2004, 29:399-411.
73. Sayre N.F. Ecological and geographical scale: parallels and potential for integration. Progress in Human Geography 2005, 29(3):276-290.
74. Sayre N.F. Scale. A Companion to Environmental Geography 2009, 95-108. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. N. Castree, D. Demeritt, D. Liverman (Eds.).
75. Scazzosi L. Reading and assessing landscape as cultural and historical heritage. Landscape Research 2004, 29:299-320.
76. Scott M. Strategic spatial planning and contested ruralities: insights from the Republic of Ireland. European Planning Studies 2006, 14(6):811-829.
77. Scale and Geographic Inquiry: Nature, Society, and Method 2004, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. E. Sheppard, R.B. McMaster (Eds.).
78. Sherman D.J. Problems of scale in the modeling and interpretation of coastal dunes. Marine Geology 1995, 124:339-349.
79. Smith N. Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space 1984, Blackwell Publishers, New York.
80. Smith N. Geography, difference and the politics of scale. Postmodernism and the Social Sciences 1992, 57-79. Palgrave Macmillan, London. J. Doherty, E. Graham, M. Malek (Eds.).
81. Smith N. Spaces of vulnerability: the space of flows and the politics of scale. Critique of Anthropology 1996, 16(1):63-77.
82. Swyngedouw E. Neither global nor local: 'glocalization' and the politics of scale. Spaces of Globalisation: Reasserting the Power of the Local 1997, 137-166. Guildford Press, New York. K.R. Cox (Ed.).
83. Tress G., Tress B., Fry G. Analysis of the barriers to integration in landscape research projects. Land Use Policy 2007, 24(2):374-385.
84. Tress B., Tress G., Fry G. Integrative research on environmental and landscape change: PhD students' motivations and challenges. Journal of Environmental Management 2009, 90:2921-2929.
85. Turner M.G. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 1989, 20:171-197.
86. Vogt K.A., Grove M., Asbjornsen H., Maxwell K.B., Vogt D.J., Sigurdardottir R., Larson B.C., Schibli L., Dove M. Linking ecological and social scales for natural resource management. Integrating Landscape Ecology into Natural Resource Management 2002, 143-175. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. J. Liu, W.W. Taylor (Eds.).
87. Vos W., Meekes H. Trends in European cultural landscape development: perspectives for sustainable futures. Landscape and Urban Planning 1999, 46:3-14.
88. Widgren M. Can landscapes be read?. European Rural Landscapes: Persistence and Change in a Globalising Environment 2004, 455-465. Kluwer, Dordrecht. H. Palang, H. Soovli, M. Antrop, G. Setten (Eds.).
89. Winchester H.P.M., Kong L., Dunn K. Landscapes: Ways of Imagining the World 2003, Pearson, Harlow.
90. Wylie J. Landscape 2007, Routledge, London.
91. Wu J. Hierarchy and scaling: extrapolating information along a saling ladder. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 1999, 25:367-380.
92. Wu J., Hobbs R. Key issues and research priorities in landscape ecology: an idiosyncratic synthesis. Landscape Ecology 2002, 17:355-365.
93. Wu J., Li H. Concepts of scale and scaling. Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology: Methods and Applications 2006, 3-15. Springer, Netherlands. J. Wu, K.B. Jones, H. Li, O.L. Loucks (Eds.).
94. Wu J., Loucks O.L. From balance-of-nature to hierarchical patch dynamics: a paradigm shift in ecology. Quarterly Review of Biology 1995, 70:439-466.