Changes in the facial skeleton with aging: Implications and clinical applications in facial rejuvenation

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 753-760

  Mendelson, Bryan ^a   Wong, Chin Ho ^b  

^a The Centre for Facial Plastic Surgery   (Australia)

^b W Aesthetic Plastic Surgery   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Aging; Changes; Correction; Facial; Rejuvenation; Skeleton

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGING; CHEEK; FACIAL BONE; HUMAN; IMPLANTATION; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NOSE; ORBIT; PATHOLOGY; PLASTIC SURGERY; PROSTHESES AND ORTHOSES; REJUVENATION; REVIEW; ZYGOMA;

ADULT; AGING; CHEEK; FACIAL BONES; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; NOSE; ORBIT; PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; REJUVENATION; ZYGOMA;

EID: 84866397899     PISSN: 0364216X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-012-9904-3     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (49)

1. Hellman M (1927) Changes in the human face brought about by development. Int J Orthod 13:475
2. Todd TW (1924) Thickness of the white male cranium. Anat Rec 27:245
3. Lasker GW (1953) The age factor in bodily measurements of adult male and female Mexicans. Hum Biol 25:50
4. Garn SM, Rohmann CG, Wagner B, Ascoli W (1967) Continuing bone growth during adult life: a general phenomenon. Am J Phys Anthropol 26:313
5. Behrents RG (1985) Growth in the aging craniofacial skeleton. University of Michigan Center for Human Growth and Development, Ann Arbor
6. Bartlett SP, Grossman R, Whitaker LA (1992) Age-related changes of the craniofacial skeleton: an anthropometric and histologic analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 90:592-600
7. Cawood JI, Howell RA (1988) A classification of the edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 17:232
8. Kahn DM, Shaw RB Jr (2008) Aging of the bony orbit: a threedimensional computed tomographic study. Aesthet Surg J 28: 258-264
9. Pessa JE, Chen Y (2002) Curve analysis of the aging orbital aperture. Plast Reconstr Surg 109:751-755
10. Pessa JE (2000) An algorithm of facial aging: verification of Lambros's theory by three-dimensional stereolithography, with reference to the pathogenesis of midfacial aging, scleral show, and the lateral suborbital trough deformity. Plast Reconstr Surg 106:479-488 (discussion 489-490)
11. Shaw RB Jr, Kahn DM (2007) Aging of the midface bony elements: a three-dimensional computed tomographic study. Plast Reconstr Surg 119:675-681
12. Mendelson BC, Hartley W, Scott M, McNab A, Granzow JW (2007) Age-related changes of the orbit and midcheek and the implications for facial rejuvenation. Aesthet Plast Surg 31: 419-423
13. Pessa JE, Zadoo VP, Yuan C, Ayedelotte JD, Cuellar FJ, Cochran CS, Mutimer KL, Garza JR (1999) Concertina effect and facial aging: nonlinear aspects of youthfulness and skeletal remodeling, and why, perhaps, infants have jowls. Plast Reconstr Surg 103:635-644
14. Pessa JE, Zadoo VP, Mutimer KL, Haffner C, Yuan C, DeWitt AI, Garza JR (1998) Relative maxillary retrusion as a natural consequence of aging: combining skeletal and soft tissue changes into an integrated model of midfacial aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:205-212
15. Pessa JE, Slice DE, Hanz KR, Broadbent TH Jr, Rohrich RJ (2008) Aging and the shape of the mandible. Plast Reconstr Surg 121:196-200
16. Enlow DH (1966) A morphogenetic analysis of facial growth. Am J Phys Anthropol 52:283
17. Enlow DH (1968) The Human Face. Harper and Row, New York
18. Levine RA, Garza JR, Wang PT, Hurst CL, Dev VR (2003) Adult facial growth: applications to aesthetic surgery. Aesthet Plast Surg 27:265
19. Levine RA (2008) Aging of the midface bony elements. Plast Reconstr Surg 121:698-699
20. Rosas A, Bastir M (2002) Thin plate spline analysis of allometry and sexual dimorphism in the human craniofacial complex. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:236
21. Jacobson AL (1995) Radiographic cephalometry. Quintessence Publishing Co, Chicago
22. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE et al (1997) Effects of growth and development on cephalometrics shapes in orthodontic patients: a Fourier analysis. Eur J Orthod 19:669
23. Bolin A (1986) Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation. Swed Dent J Suppl 35:1
24. Flowers RS (1991) Periorbital aesthetic surgery for men: eyelids and related structures. Clin Plast Surg 18:689-729
25. Rohrich RJ, Hollier LH Jr, Janis JE, Kim J (2004) Rhinoplasty with advancing age. Plast Reconstr Surg 114:1936-1944
26. Pessa JE, Peterson ML, Thompson JW, Cohran CS, Garza JR (1999) Pyriform augmentation as an ancillary procedure in facial rejuvenation surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg 103:683-686
27. Barton FE, Gyimesi I (1997) Anatomy of the nasolabial fold. Plast Reconstr Surg 100:1276-1280
28. Edelstein DR (1996) Aging of the normal adult nose. Laryngoscope 106:1-25
29. Pecora NG, Baccetti T, McNamara JA Jr (2006) The aging craniofacial complex: a longitudinal cephalometric study from late adolescence to late adulthood. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 134:496-505
30. Shaw RB Jr, Katzel EB, Koltz PF, Kahn DM, Girotto JA, Langstein HN (2010) Aging of the mandible and its aesthetic implications. Plast Reconstr Surg 125:332-342
31. Romo T, Yalamanchili H, Sclafani AP (2005) Chin and prejowl augmentation in the management of the aging jawline. Facial Plast Surg 21:38-46
32. Rosen HM (1999) Treatment planning: aesthetic goals. In: Rosen HM (ed) Aesthetic perspectives in jaw surgery. Springer, New York, pp 3-23
33. Terino EO, Edwards MC (2008) Alloplastic contouring for suborbital, maxillary, zygomatic deficiencies. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 16:33-67
34. Terino EO, Edward M (2008) The magic of midface threedimensional contour alterations combining alloplastic and soft tissue suspension technologies. Clin Plast Surg 35:419-450
35. Whitaker LA, Bartlett SP (1991) Skeletal alterations as a basis for facial rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg 18:197-203
36. Le Louarn C, Buthiau D, Buis J (2007) Structural aging: the facial recurve concept. Aesthet Plast Surg 31:213-218
37. Matros E, Garcia JA, Yaremchuk MJ (2009) Changes in the eyebrow position and shape with aging. Plast Reconstr Surg 124:1296
38. Hinderer U (1975) Malar implants for improvement of the facial appearance. Plast Reconstr Surg 56:157
39. Gonzalez-Ulloa M (1974) Building out the malar prominences as an addition to rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 53:293
40. Byrd HS, Hobar PC, Shewmake K (1993) Augmentation of the craniofacial skeleton with porous hydroxyapatite granules. Plast Reconstr Surg 91:15
41. Byrd HS, Hobar PC (1994) Augmentation of the cheekbones with porous hydroxyapatite granules. Perspect Plast Surg 8:98
42. O'Hara KL, Urrego AF, Garri JI, O'Hara CM, Bradley JP, Kawamoto HK (2006) Improved malar projection with transconjunctival hydroxyapatite granules. Plast Reconstr Surg 117: 1956-1963
43. Waite PD, Matukas VJ (1986) Zygomatic augmentation with hydroxylapatite: a preliminary report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 44:349
44. Moreira-Gonzalez A, Jackson IT, Miyawaki T, DiNick V, Yavuzer R (2003) Augmentation of the craniomaxillofacial region using porous hydroxyapatite granules. Plast Reconstr Surg 111:1808
45. El Deeb M, Tompach PC, Morstad AT (1988) Porous hydroxylapatite granules and blocks as alveolar ridge augmentation materials: a preliminary report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 46:955
46. Mendelson BC, Jacobson SR, Lavoipierre AM, Huggins RJ (2010) The fate of porous hydroxyapatite granules used in facial skeletal augmentation. Aesthet Plast Surg 34:455-461
47. Perrett DI, May KA, Yoshikawa S (1994) Facial shape and judgments of female attractiveness. Nature 368:239-242
48. Valenzano DR, Mennucci A, Tartarelli G, Cellerino A (2006) Shape analysis of female attractiveness. Vis Res 46:1282
49. Pessa JE (1999) The effect of skeletal remodeling on the nasal profile: considerations for rhinoplasty in the older patient. Aesthet Plast Surg 23(4):239-242