Calorimetric determination of the absorbed dose to water for medium-energy x-rays with generating voltages from 70 to 280kV

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 57, Issue 19, 2012, Pages 6245-6268

  Krauss, A ^a   Buermann L ^a   Kramer, H M ^a   Selbach, H J ^a  

^a PHYSIKALISCH TECHNISCHE BUNDESANSTALT   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORBED DOSE; AIR KERMA; EXTRAPOLATION CHAMBER; MEDIUM ENERGY; MONTE CARLO CALCULATION; STANDARD UNCERTAINTY; UNCERTAINTY BUDGET; WATER CALORIMETRY; WATER PHANTOM;

GRAPHITE; MONTE CARLO METHODS;

CALORIMETRY;

WATER;

ABSORPTION; ARTICLE; CALIBRATION; CALORIMETRY; IMAGE QUALITY; INSTRUMENTATION; MONTE CARLO METHOD; RADIOMETRY; UNCERTAINTY; X RAY;

ABSORPTION; CALIBRATION; CALORIMETRY; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PHANTOMS, IMAGING; RADIOMETRY; UNCERTAINTY; WATER; X-RAYS;

EID: 84866376709     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/19/6245     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Andreo P, Burns D T, Hohlfeld K, Huq M S, Kanai T, Laitano F, Smyth V G and Vynckier S 2000 Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: an international Code of Practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water IAEA TRS-398 (Vienna: IAEA)
2. Andreo P, Cunningham J C, Hohlfeld K and Svensson H 1987 Absorbed dose determination in photon and electron beams: an international Code of Practice IAEA TRS-277 (Vienna: IAEA) (updated in 1997)
3. Aukett R J, Burns J E, Greener A G, Harrison R M, Moretti C, Nahum A E and Rosser K E (IPEM Working Party) 2005 Addendum to the IPEMB code of practice for the determination of absorbed dose for x-rays below 300 kV generating potential (0.035 mm Al-4 mm Cu HVL) Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2739-48
4. Baorong Y, Kramer H-M, Selbach H-J and Lange B 2000 Experimental determination of practical peak voltage Br. J. Radiol. 73 641-9
5. Berger M J, Hubbell J H, Seltzer S M, Chang J, Coursey J S, Sukumar R and Zucker D S 1998 XCOM: photon cross sections database National Institute of Standards and Technology, http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Xcom/Text/XCOM. html
6. BIPM-KCDB 2010 Appendix C, http://kcdb.bipm.org/appendixC/default.asp
7. Büermann L, Grosswendt B, Kramer H-M, Selbach H-J, Gerlach M, Hoffmann M and Krumrey M 2006 Measurement of the x-ray mass energy-absorption coefficient of air using 3 keV to 10 keV synchrotron radiation Phys. Med. Biol. 51 5125-50
8. Buhr H, Büermann L, Gerlach M, Krumrey M and Rabus H 2012 Measurement of the x-ray mass energy-absorption coefficient of air using 10 keV to 60 keV synchrotron radiation Phys. Med. Biol. (submitted)
9. Burns D, Büermann L, Kramer H-M and Lange B 2002 Comparison of the air kerma standards of the PTB and the BIPM for medium energy x-rays Rapport BIPM 02/07
10. Csete I, Büermann L, Kramer H-M and Lange B 2000 Comparison of the PTB and OMH air kerma standards for medium energy x-rays PTB Bericht Dos-35
11. De Prez L A and de Pooter J A 2008 The new NMi orthovolt x-rays absorbed dose to water primary standard based on water calorimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 53 3531-42
12. Engelke B A, Oetzmann W and Struppek G 1988 Die Messeinrichtungen der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt zur Darstellung der Einheiten der Standard-Ionendosis, Photonen-Äquivalentdosis und Luftkerma PTB Bericht Dos-16
13. Grimbergen T W M, Aalbers A H L, Mijnheer B J, Seuntjens J, Thierens H, Van Dam J, Wittkämper F W and Zoetelief J 1997 Dosimetry of low and medium energy x-rays - a code of practice for use in radiotherapy and radiobiology NCS Report 10
14. Higgins P D, Attix F H, Hubbell J H, Seltzer S M, Berger M J and Sibata C H 1992 Mass-energy transfer and mass-energy absorption coefficients, including in-flight positron annihilation for photon energies 1 keV to 100 MeV Report NISTIR 4812
15. Hubbell J H 1999 Review of photon interaction cross section data in the medical and biological context Phys. Med. Biol. 44 R1-22
16. Hubbell J H, Veigele Wm J, Briggs E A, Brown R T, Cromer D T and Howerton R J 1975 Atomic form factors, incoherent scattering functions and photon scattering cross sections J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 4 471-538
17. ISO 1995 Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement 2nd edn (Geneva: International Organization for Standardization)
18. Kawrakow I 2005 EGSnrc C++ class library Technical Report PIRS-898
19. Kawrakow I and Rogers D W O 2006 The EGSnrc code system: Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport Report PIRS-701 (http://www.irs. inms.nrc.ca/inms/irs/EGSnrc)
20. 60Co γ-rays Metrologia 43 06005
21. Klassen N V and Ross C K 1991 Absorbed dose calorimetry using various aqueous solutions Radiat. Phys. Chem. 38 95-104
22. Klassen N V and Ross C K 1997 Water calorimetry: the heat defect J. Res. Natl Inst. Stand. Technol. 102 6374
23. Klevenhagen S C, Aukett R J, Harrison R M, Moretti C, Nahum A E and Rosser K E 1996 The IPEMB code of practice for the determination of absorbed dose for x-rays below 300 kV generating potential (0.035 mm Al-4 mm Cu HVL; 10-300 kV generating potential) Phys. Med. Biol. 41 2605-25
24. Kramer H-M 1994 On the use of conversion coefficients from air kerma to the ICRU quantities for low energy x ray spectra Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 54 213-5
25. Kramer H-M and Grosswendt B 2002 The role of de-excitation electron in measurements with graphite extrapolation chambers Phys. Med. Biol. 47 801-22
26. 60Co radiation Metrologia 43 259-72
27. Krauss A 2006b Heat conduction effects during the calorimetric determination of absorbed dose to water in radiotherapy beams Thermochim. Acta 445 126-32
28. Q factors for NE 2561 and NE 2571 ionization chambers in 5 cm× 5 cm and 10 cm × 10 cm radiotherapy beams of 8 MV and 16 MV photons Phys. Med. Biol. 52 6243-59
29. Krauss A and Kapsch R-P 2007 Phys. Med. Biol. 53 1151-2 (corrigendum)
30. 3-CuO composition spreads J. Appl. Phys. 98 043710
31. Ma C-M, Coffey C W, DeWerd L A, Liu C, Nath R, Seltzer S M and Seuntjens J P 2001 American association of physicists in medicine: AAPM protocol for 40-300 kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology Med. Phys. J. 28 868-93
32. Mattson O 1988 Water calorimetry at radiation physics department Göteborg Proc. NRC Workshop on Water Calorimetry (Ottawa,) pp 17-24
33. 60Co γ-rays Phys. Med. Biol. 49 4073-86
34. Palmans H, Seuntjes J and Verhaegen F 1996 Water calorimetry and ionization chamber dosimetry in an 85 MeV clinical proton beam Med. Phys. 23 643-50
35. Rogers D W O, Kawrakow I, Seuntjens J P, Walters B R B and Mainegra-Hing E 2005 NRC user codes for EGSnrc NRCC Report PIRS-702 (revB), http://www.irs.inms.nrc.ca/EGSnrc/pirs702/
36. Ross C K and Klassen N V 1996 Water calorimetry for radiation dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 41 1-29
37. Ross C K, Seuntjens J P, Klassen N V and Shortt K R 2000 The NRC sealed water calorimeter: correction factors and performance Proc. NPL Workshop on Recent Advances in Calorimetric Absorbed Dose Standards NPL Report CIRM 42 (NPL, Teddington,) pp 90-102
38. Sassowsky M and Pedroni E 2005 On the feasibility of water calorimetry with scanned proton radiation Phys. Med. Biol. 50 5381-400
39. Schneider T and Kramer H-M 2006 A new method for an improved determination of continuous photon fluence spectra for x-ray tube voltages up to 150 kV Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 121 370-5
40. Schneider U 1981 A new method for deriving the absorbed dose in phantom material from measured ion dose for x-rays generated at voltages up to 300 kV, biomedical dosimetry, physical aspects, instrumentation, calibration Proc. Symp. (Paris, 1980) (Vienna: IAEA) p 223
41. Seuntjens J and Duane S 2009 Photon absorbed dose standards Metrologia 46 S39-58
42. Seuntjens J, Thierens H, Poffyn A and Segaert O 1988 Water calorimetry in medium energy x-ray beams Proc. NRC Workshop on Water Calorimetry (Ottawa,) pp 101-7
43. Seuntjens J, Thierens H and Schneider U 1993 Correction factors for a cylindrical ionization chamber used in medium-energy x-ray beams Phys. Med. Biol. 38 805-32
44. Seuntjens J P and Palmans H 1999 Correction factors and performance of a 4°C sealed water calorimeter Phys. Med. Biol. 44 627-46
45. Wulff J, Heverhagen J T, Zink K and Kawrakow I 2010 Investigation of systematic uncertainties in Monte Carlo-calculated beam quality correction factors Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4481-93
46. X-5 Monte Carlo Team 2003 MCNP - a general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code: version 5 Report LA-UR-03-1987 (revised 10/3/2005)