Benign non-infectious causes of lymphadenopathy: A review of cytomorphology and differential diagnosis

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Volumn 40, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 925-938

  Monaco, Sara E ^a   Khalbuss, Walid E ^a   Pantanowitz, Liron ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

cytopathology; fine needle aspiration; lymph node; lymphadenopathy

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; METHOTREXATE; PHENYTOIN;

ADULT; ALGORITHM; ANGIOFOLLICULAR LYMPH NODE HYPERPLASIA; ASPIRATION BIOPSY; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; B CELL LYMPHOMA; BENIGN TUMOR; CHILD; CYTOPATHOLOGY; DERMATOPATHIC LYMPHADENITIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS; EXTRAMEDULLARY HEMATOPOIESIS; FOREIGN BODY; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; KIKUCHI DISEASE; KIMURA DISEASE; LYMPH NODE; LYMPHADENOPATHY; LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA; METABOLIC DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA; REVIEW; ROSAI DORFMAN DISEASE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; T CELL LYMPHOMA;

ADULT; BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; CHILD; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; LYMPHATIC DISEASES;

EID: 84866358259     PISSN: 87551039     EISSN: 10970339     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dc.21767     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Cardillo MR,. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of superficial lymph nodes. Diagn Cytopathol 1989; 5: 166-173.
2. Sarda AK, Bal S, Singh MK, Kapur MM,. Fine needle aspiration cytology as a preliminary diagnostic procedure for asymptomatic cervical lymphadenopathy. J Assoc Physicians India 1990; 38: 203-205.
3. Thomson KR, House AJ, Göthlin JH, Dolin TE,. Percutaneous lymph node aspiration biopsy: Experience with a new technique. Clin Radiol 1978; 29: 329-332.
4. Rimm DL, Stastny JF, Rimm EB, Ayer S, Frable WJ,. Comparison of the costs of fine needle aspiration and open surgical biopsy as methods for obtaining a pathologic diagnosis. Cancer 1997; 81: 51-56.
5. Steel BL, Schwartz MR, Ramzy I,. Fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in 1103 patients: Role, limitations, and analysis of diagnostic pitfalls. Acta Cytol 1995; 39: 76-81.
6. Lioe TF, Elliott H, Allen DC, Spence RAJ,. The role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the investigation of superficial lymphadenopathy: Uses and limitations of the technique. Cytopathology 1999; 10: 291-297.
7. Thomas JO, Adeyi D, Amanguno H,. Fine-needle aspiration in the management of peripheral lymphadenopathy in a developing country. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21: 159-162.
8. Prasad RR, Narasimhan R, Sankaran V, Veliath AJ,. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy: An analysis of 2,418 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 1996; 15: 382-386.
9. O'Dowd GJ, Frable WJ, Behm FG,. Fine needle aspiration cytology of benign lymph node hyperplasia: Diagnostic significance of lymphohistiocytic aggregates. Acta Cytol 1985; 29: 554-558.
10. Anne S, Teot LA, Mandell DL,. Fine needle aspiration biopsy: Role in diagnosis of pediatric head and neck masses. J Ped Otorhinolaryngology 2008; 72: 1547-1553.
11. Gupta RK, Naran S, Lallu S, Fauck R,. Diagnostic value of needle aspiration cytology in the assessment of palpable axillary lymph nodes. A study of 336 cases. Acta Cytol 2003; 47: 550-554.
12. Schafernak KT, Kluskens LF, Ariga R, Reddy VB, Gattuso P,. Fine-needle aspiration of superficial and deeply seated lymph nodes on patients with and without a history of malignancy: Review of 439 cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2003; 29: 315-319.
13. Tatomirovic Z, Skuletic V, Bokun R, Trimcev J, Radic O, Cerovic S, Strbac M, Zolotarevski L, Tukic Lj, Stamatovic D, Tarabar O,. Fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck masses: Accuracy and diagnostic problems. J BUON 2009; 14: 653-659.
14. Munichor M, Cohen H, Volpin G, Kerner H, Iancu TC,. Chromium-induced lymph node histiocytic proliferation after hip replacement: A Case Report. Acta Cytol 2003; 47: 270-274.
15. Housini I, Dabbs DJ, Coyne L,. Fine needle aspiration cytology of talc granulomatosis in a peripheral lymph node in a case of suspected intravenous drug abuse. Acta Cytol 1990; 34: 342-344.
16. Santos-Briz A, Jr, Lopez-Rios F, Santos-Briz A, DeAgustin PP,. Granulomatous reaction to silicone in axillary lymph nodes: A case report with cytologic findings. Acta Cytol 1999; 43: 1163-1165.
17. Tabatowski K, Elson CE, Johnston WW,. Silicone lymphadenopathy in a patient with a mammary prosthesis: Fine needle aspiration cytology, histology, and analytical electron microscopy. Acta Cytology 1990; 34: 10-14.
18. Jadus MR, Sekhon S, Barton BE, Wepsic HT,. Macrophage colony stimulating factor-activating bone marrow macrophages suppress lymphocytic responses through phagocytosis: a tentative in vitro model of Rosai Dorfman disease. J Leukoc Biol 1995; 57: 936-942.
19. Deshpande V, Verma K,. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of Rosai Dorfman disease. Cytopathology 1998; 9: 329-335.
20. Rosai J, Dorfman RF,. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: A pseudolymphomatous benign disorder: Analysis of 34 cases. Cancer 1972; 30: 1174-1188.
21. Kakkar S, Kapila K, Verma K,. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in lymph nodes: Cytomorphologic diagnosis and pitfalls. Acta Cytol 2001; 45: 327-332.
22. O'Malley DP, Duong A, Barry TS, Chen S, Hibbard MK, Ferry JA, Hasserjian RP, Thompson MA, Richardson MS, Jaffe R, Sidhu JS, Banks PM,. Co-occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai-Dorfman disease: Possible relationship of two histiocytic disorders in rare cases. Mod Pathol 2010; 23: 1616-1623.
23. Hindpur S,. Hemophagocytosis in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Am J Hematol 2005; 80: 299-300.
24. Chen M, Wang J,. Gaucher disease: Review of the literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008; 132: 851-853.
25. Zeppa P, Vetrani A, Luciano L, Fulciniti F, Troncone G, Rotoli B, Palombini L,. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen. A useful procedure in the diagnosis of splenomegaly. Acta Cytol 1994; 38: 299-309.
26. Mokhtari M, Kumar PV, Talei AR,. Gaucher-like cells in retroperitoneal extramedullary hematopoietic tumor diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: A case report. Acta Cytol 2010; 54: 903-906.
27. Cronin DM, Warnke RA,. Castleman disease: An update on classification and the spectrum of associated lesions. Adv Anat Pathol 2009; 16: 236-246.
28. Oksenhendler E, Duarte M, Soulier J, Cacoub P, Welker Y, Cadranel J, Cazals-Hatem D, Autran B, Clauvel JP, Raphael M,. Multicentric Castleman's disease in HIV infection: A clinical and pathological study of 20 patients. AIDS 1996; 10: 61-67.
29. Cangiarella J, Gallo L, Winkler B,. Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of Castleman's disease of the mediastinum on fine needle aspiration biopsy. Acta Cytol 1997; 41: 951-952.
30. Meyer L, Gibbons D, Ashfaq R, Vuitch F, Saboorian MH,. Fine-needle aspiration findings in Castleman's disease. Diagn Cytopathol 1999; 21: 57-60.
31. Taylor GB, Smeeton IW,. Cytologic demonstration of "dysplastic" follicular dendritic cells in a case of hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease. Diagn Cytopathol 2000; 22: 230-234.
32. Bachowski G, Geiss M, Lundeen S, Pambuccian S,. Fine needle aspiration findings of cervical Castleman's disease. Acta Cytol 2000; 44: 896-897.
33. Caraway NP, Katz RL,. Lymph nodes. In:, Koss LG, Melamed MR, editors. Koss' diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. p 1190-1227.
34. Cozzolino I, Nappa S, Picardi M, De Renzo A, Troncone G, Palombini L, Zeppa P,. Clonal B-cell population in a reactive lymph node in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Diagn Cytopathol 2009; 37: 910-914.
35. Kojima M, Nakamura N, Tsukamoto N, Itoh H, Matsuda H, Kobayashi S, Ueki K, Irisawa H, Murayama K, Igarashi T, Masawa N, Nakamura S,. Atypical lymphoplasmacytic and immunoblastic proliferation of autoimmune disease: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 9 cases. J Clin Exp Hematopathol 2010; 50: 113-119.
36. Dupin N, Fisher C, Kellam P, Ariad S, Tulliez M, Franck N, van Marck E, Salmon D, Gorin I, Escande JP, Weiss RA, Alitalo K, Boshoff C,. Distribution of human herpesvirus-8 latently infected cells in Kaposi's sarcoma, multicentric Castleman's disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 4546-4551.
37. Du MQ, Liu H, Diss TC, Ye H, Hamoudi RA, Dupin N, Meignin V, Oksenhendler E, Boshoff C, Isaacson PG,. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infects monotypic (IgM lambda) but polyclonal naive B cells in Castleman disease and associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 2001; 97: 2130-2136.
38. McCluggage WG, Bharucha H,. Lymph node hyalinisation in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 138-142.
39. Cheuk W, Yuen HK, Chu SY, Chiu EK, Lam LK, Chan JK,. Lymphadenopathy of IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32: 671-681.
40. Mizuno N, Bhatia V, Hosoda W, Sawaki A, Hoki N, Hara K, Takagi T, Ko SB, Yatabe Y, Goto H, Yamao K,. Histological diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis using EUS-guided trucut biopsy: A comparison study with EUS-FNA. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 742-750.
41. Helander SD, Peters MS, Kuo TT, et al. Kimura's disease and angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: New observations from immunohistochemical studies of lymphocyte markers, endothelial antigens, and granulocyte proteins. J Cutan Pathol 1995; 22: 319-326.
42. Iyer VK, Kapila K, Verma K,. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Acta Cytol 1998; 42: 1347-1351.
43. Sudilovsky D, Cha I,. Fine needle aspiration cytology of dermatopathic lymphadenitis. Acta Cytol 1998; 42: 1341-1347.
44. Shamoto M, Osada A, Shinzato M, Kaneko C, Yoshida A,. Do epidermal Langerhans cells, migrating from skin lesions, induce paracortical hyperplasia of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy? Pathol Int 1996; 45: 348-354.
45. Han HJ, Lim GY, Yeo DM, Chung NG,. Kikuchi's disease in children: Clinical manifestations and imaging features. J Korean Med Sci 2009; 24: 1105-1109.
46. Tong TRS, Chan OW, Lee K,. Diagnosing kikuchi disease on fine needle aspiration biopsy: A retrospective study of 44 cases diagnosed by cytology and 8 by histopathology. Acta Cytol 2001; 45: 953-957.
47. Schinstine M,. Kikuchi's lymphadenitis. Diagn Cytopathol 38190: 2009.
48. Kishimoto K, Tate G, Kitamura T, Kojima M, Mitsuya T,. Cytologic features and frequency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the lymph nodes of patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease). Diagn Cytopathol 2010; 38: 521-526.
49. Viguer JM, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Pérez P, Lõpez-Ferrer P, Gnzalez-Peramato P, Vicandi B,. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of Kikuchi's lymphadenitis: A report of ten cases. Diagn Cytopathol 2001; 25: 220-224.
50. Ko YH, Lee JD,. Fine needle aspiration cytology in lupus lymphadenopathy: A case report. Acta Cytol 1992; 36: 748-751.
51. Pai MR, Adhikari P, Coimbatore RV, Ahmed S,. Fine needle aspiration cytology in systemic lupus erythematosus lymphadenopathy. A case report. Acta Cytol 2000; 44: 67-69.
52. Nasuti JF, Gupta PK, Baloch ZW,. Clinical implications and value of immunohistochemical staining in the evaluation of lymph node infarction after fine-needle aspiration. Diagn Cytopathol 2001; 25: 104-107.
53. Handa U, Mohan H, Punia RS, Nada R,. FNAC in a case of NHL presenting initially as nodal infarction. Ind J Pathol Microbiol 2005; 48: 510-512.
54. Millar EK, Inder S, Lynch J,. Extramedullary haematopoiesis in axillary lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancerâA potential diagnostic pitfall. Histopathology 2009; 54: 622-623.
55. O'Malley DP,. Benign extramedullary myeloid proliferations. Mod Pathol 2007; 20: 405-415.
56. Hoda SA, Resetkova E, Yusuf Y, Cahan A, Rosen PP,. Megakaryocytes mimicking metastatic breast carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2002; 126: 618-620.
57. Paull G, Mosunjac M,. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and intraoperative cytologic smear findings in a case of benign mesothelial-cell inclusions involving a lymph node: Case report and review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2003; 29: 163-166.
58. Kloboves-Prevodnik V, Repse-Fokter A, Bracko M,. Cytological features of benign mesothelial inclusions in lymph node: A case report of a patient presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy after in vitro fertilization. Cytopathology 2007; 18: 56-58.
59. Pantanowitz L, Upton MP,. Benign axillary lymph node inclusions. Breast J 2003; 9: 56-57.
60. Zaharopoulos P, Hudnall SD,. Nevus-cell aggregates in lymph nodes: Fine-needle aspiration cytologic findings and resulting diagnostic difficulties. Diagn Cytopathol 2004; 31: 180-184.
61. Lim MS, Straus SE, Dale JK, Fleisher TA, Stetler-Stevenson M, Strober W, Sneller MC, Puck JM, Lenardo MJ, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Lin AY, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES,. Pathological findings in human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Am J Pathol 1998; 153: 1541-1550.
62. Pambuccian SE, Bardales RH,. Essentials in cytopathology: Lymph node cytopathology. In:, Rosenthal DL, editor. New York: Springer; 2010.