Outcome of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Concurrent Eating and Substance Use Disorders

Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 434-449

  Courbasson, Christine ^a,b   Nishikawa, Yasunori ^c   Dixon, Lauren ^a  

^a CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c FORDHAM UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Co morbidity; Dialectical Behaviour Therapy; Eating Disorders; Randomized Controlled Trial; Substance Use

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADDICTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BULIMIA; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EATING DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; PATIENT; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; BULIMIA; COMORBIDITY; EATING DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MATCHED-PAIR ANALYSIS; PATIENT DROPOUTS; RECURRENCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 84866326766     PISSN: 10633995     EISSN: 10990879     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.748     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. APA. (2001). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Arnow, B., Kenardy, J., & Agras, W.S. (1994). The Emotional Eating Scale: The development of a measure to assess coping with negative affect by eating. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 79-90. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(199507)18:1<79::AID-EAT2260180109>3.0.CO;2-V
3. Baer, R.A., Fischer, S., & Huss, D.B. (2005). Mindfulness and acceptance in the treatment of disordered eating. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23, 281-300. doi: 10.1007/s10942-005-0015-9
4. Beary, M.D., Lacey, J.H., & Merry, J. (1986). Alcoholism and eating disorders in women of fertile age. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 685-689. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00389
5. Beck, A.T., Brown, G., & Steer, R.A. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory II manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
6. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Garbin, M.G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100. doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
7. Bellodi, L., Cavallini, M.C., Bertelli, S., Chiapparino, D., Riboldi, C., & Smeraldi, E. (2001). Morbidity risk for obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders in first-degree relatives of patients with eating disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 563-569. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.4.563
8. Birmingham, C.L., & Beumont, P. (2004). Medical management of eating disorders. New York: Cambridge University Press.
9. Birmingham, C.L., Su, J., Hlynsky, J.A., Goldner, E.M., & Gao, M. (2005). The mortality rate from anorexia nervosa. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38, 143-146.
10. Bornovalova, M.A., & Daughters, S.B. (2007). How does dialectical behavior therapy facilitate treatment retention among individuals with comorbid borderline personality disorder and substance use disorders? Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 923-943. doi: 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00011-X
11. van den Bosch, L.M.C., Verheul, R., Schippers, G.M., & van den Brink, W. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy of borderline patients with and without substance use problems: Implementation and long-term effects. Addictive Behaviors, 27, 911- 923. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4603(02)00293-9
12. Brown, C.G. (2001). Talking body talk: An analysis of feminist therapy epistemology. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto.
13. Bulik, C.M., Klump, K.L., Thornton, L., Kaplan, L., Devlin, B., Fichter, M.M., Halmi, K.A., Strober, M., Woodside, D.B., Crow, S., Mitchell, J.E., Rotondo, A., Mauri, M., Cassano, J.B., Keel, P. K., Berrettini, W.H., & Kaye, W.H. (2004). Alcohol use disorder comorbidity in eating disorders: A multicenter study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 1000-1006. doi: 10.4088/JCP.07m03306
14. Cataranzo, S.J., & Mearns J. (1990). Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulations: Initial scale development and implications. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54, 546-563. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5403&4_11
15. Chen, E.Y., Matthews, L., Allen, C., Kuo, J.R., & Linehan, M.M. (2008). Dialectical behavior therapy for clients with binge-eating disorder or bulimia nervosa and borderline personality disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41, 505-512. doi: 10.1002/eat.20522
16. Cochrane, C., Malcolm, R., & Brewerton, T. (1998). The role of weight control as a motivation for cocaine abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 201-207. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4603(97)00046-4
17. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
18. Comerci, G.D. (1990). Medical complications of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The Medical Clinics of North America, 74, 1293-1310.
19. Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C.G. (1987). The Eating Disorder Examination: A semi-structured interview for the assessment of the specific psychopathology of eating disorders. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 1-8.
20. Corte, C., & Stein, K.F. (2000). Eating disorders and substance use: An examination of behavioural patterns. Eating Behaviors, 1, 173-189. doi: 10.1016/S1471-0153(00)00017-9
21. Courbasson, C.M.A. (2001). DBT for concurrent eating and substance use disorders. The DBT Bulletin, 1, 3.
22. Courbasson, C., Nishikawa, Y., & Shapira, L. (2011). Mindfulness-action based cognitive behavioral therapy for concurrent binge eating disorder and substance use disorders. Eating Disorders, 19, 17-33. doi: 10.1080/10640266.2011.533603
23. Courbasson, M., & Schelkanova, I. (in press). Women and Addictions: Body weight and shape concerns as barriers to recovery from substance use disorders. Let's address these issues in treatment and recovery now! Journal of Drug Addiction, Education, and Eradication.
24. Courbasson, C.M.A., & Smith, P.D. (2005). Eating disorders and substance abuse. In: W. Skinner, J.C. Negrete, & Smith, P. (Eds), Treating addiction and mental health problems concurrently: A practical guide for helpers (pp. 249-268). Toronto, CA: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.
25. Courbasson, C.M.A., Smith P.D., & Cleland, P.A. (2005). Eating disorders in men and women with substance abuse problems. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96, 102-106.
26. Courbasson, C.M.A., de Sorkin, A.A., Dullerud, B., & Van Wyk, L. (2007). Acupuncture treatment for women with concurrent substance use and anxiety/depression: An effective alternative therapy? Family and Community Health, 30, 112-120. doi: 10.1097/01.FCH.0000264408.36013.03
27. Davis, R., Olmsted, M.P., & Rockert, W. (1992). Brief group psychoeducation for bulimia nervosa. II: Prediction of clinical outcome. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 205-211.
28. Dawe, S., & Loxton, N.J. (2004). The role of impulsivity in the development of substance use and eating disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 28, 343-351. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.03.007
29. Deep, A.L., Lilenfeld, L.R., Plotnicov, K.H., Pollice, C., & Kaye, W.H. (1999). Sexual abuse in eating disorder subtypes and control women: The role of comorbid substance dependence in bulimia nervosa. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25, 1-10.
30. Dimeff, L., Rizvi, S.L., Brown, M., & Linehan, M.M. (2000). Dialectical behavior therapy for substance use: A pilot application to methamphetamine-dependent women with borderline personality disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7, 457- 468. doi: 10.1016/S1077-7229(00)80057-7
31. Dunn, E.C., Geller, J., Neighbors, C., Brown, K.E., Williams, K.D., & Jones, M.I. (2007). Women with severe eating disorders and concurrent substance use disorders: Prevalence and barriers to treatment. Poster presented at the 41st Annual Conference of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Philadelphia, PA.
32. Espelage, D., Mazzeo, S., Aggen, S., Quittner, A., Sherman, R., & Thompson, R. (2003). Examining the construct validity of the Eating Disorder Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 15, 71- 80. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.1.71
33. Evers, C., Stok, M.F., & de Ridder, D.T. (2010). Feeding your feelings: Emotion regulation strategies and emotional eating. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(6), 792-804. doi: 10.1177/0146167210371383
34. Fairburn, C.G., & Cooper, Z. (1993). The eating disorder examination. In: C.G. Fairburn, & G.T. Wilson (Eds), Binge eating: Nature, assessment and treatment (12th ed., pp. 317-360). New York: Guilford Press.
35. Filstead, W.J., Parrella, D.P., & Ebbitt, J. (1988). High-risk situations for engaging in substance abuse and binge-eating behavior. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 49, 136-141.
36. First, M.B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R.L., & Williams, J.B.W. (1996a). User's guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). New York: Biometrics Research Department.
37. First, M.B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., & Benjamin, L. (1996b). User's guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). New York: Biometrics Research Department.
38. Fox, J.R.E., & Power, M.J. (2009). Eating disorders and multi-level models of emotion: An integrated model. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 240-267.
39. Francis, J., Stewart S.H., & Hounsell, S. (1997). Dietary restraint and the selective processing of forbidden and non-forbidden food words. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 633-646.
40. Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., Davis, R., Rockert, W., Goldbloom, D., & Eagle, M. (1990). The association between bulimic symptoms and reported psychopathology. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 1-15.
41. Garner, D.M., Olmsted, M.P., & Polivy, J. (1983). The development and validation of a multidimensional eating disorder inventory for anorexia and bulimia. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 1, 15-34. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6
42. Gilbert, S., & Thompson, J.K. (1996). Feminist explanations of the development of eating disorders: Common themes, research findings, and methodological issues. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3, 183-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00070.x
43. Gold, M.S., Frost-Pinea, K., & Jacobs, W.S. (2003). Overeating, binge eating and eating disorders as addictions. Psychiatric Annals, 33, 117-122.
44. Goss, K., & Allen, S. (2009). Shame, pride, and eating disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 303-316. doi: 10.1002/cpp.627
45. Greenfield, S.F., Brooks, A.J., Gordon, S.M., Green, C.A., Kropp, F., McHugh, R.K., Lincoln, M., Hien, D., & Miele, G.M. (2007). Substance abuse treatment entry, retention, and outcome in women: A review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86, 1-21.
46. Grilo, C.M., Becker, D.F., Levy, K.N., Walker, M.L., Edell, W.S., & McGlashan, T.H. (1995). Eating disorders with and without substance use disorders: A comparative study of inpatients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 36, 312-317. doi: 10.1016/S0010-440X(95)90077-2
47. Grilo, C.M., Sinha, R., & O'Malley, S.S. (2002). Eating disorders and alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Research and Health, 26, 151- 160.
48. Harris, E.C., & Barraclough, B. (1998). Excess mortality of mental disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 11-53. doi: 10.1192/bjp.173.1.11
49. Harrison, A., Sullivan, S., Tchanturia, K., & Treasure, J. (2009). Emotion recognition and regulation in anorexia nervosa. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 348-356. doi: 10.1002/cpp.628
50. Hatsukami, D., Mitchell, J.E., Eckert, E.P., & Pyle, L. (1986). Characteristics of patients with bulimia only, bulimia with affective disorder, and bulimia with substance abuse problems. Addictive Behaviors, 11, 399-406. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(86)90018-3
51. Hausman, J., Hall, B.H., & Griliches, Z. (1984). Econometric models for count data with an application to the patents-R & D relationship. Econometrica, 52, 909-938.
52. Heatherton, T.F., & Baumeister, R.F. (1991). Binge eating as an escape from self-awareness. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 86-108. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86
53. Holderness, C.C., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Warren, M.P. (1994). Co-morbidity of eating disorders and substance abuse review of the literature. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16, 1- 34. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(199407)16:1<1::AID-EAT2260160102>3.0.CO;2-T
54. Hudson, J.I., Weiss, R.D., Pope, H.G., Jr., McElroy, S.K., & Mirin, S.M. (1992). Eating disorders in hospitalized substance abusers. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 18, 75-85. doi: 10.3109/00952999209001613
55. Ioannou, K., & Fox, J.R.E. (2009). Perception of threat from emotions and its role in poor emotional expression within eating pathology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 336-347. doi: 10.1002/cpp.632
56. Keel, P.K., Dorer, D.J., Eddy, K.T., Franko, D., Charatan, D., & Herzog, D. (2003). Predictors of mortality in eating disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 179-183. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.179
57. Keel, P.K., Mitchell, J.E., Miller, K.B., Davis, T.L., & Crow, S.J. (1999). Long-term outcome of bulimia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 63-69. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.63
58. Keel, P.K., Mitchell, J.E., Miller, K.B., Davis, T.L., & Crow, S.J. (2000). Predictive validity of bulimia nervosa as a diagnostic category. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 136-138.
59. Kendler, K.S., MacLean, C., Neale, M.C., Kessler, R.C., Heath, A.C., & Eaves, L.J. (1991). The genetic epidemiology of bulimia nervosa. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1627-1637.
60. Kristeller, J.L., & Hallett, C.B. (1999). An exploratory study of a meditation-based intervention for binge eating disorder. Journal of Health Psychology, 4, 357-363. doi: 10.1177/135910539900400305
61. Lacey, J.H. (1993). Self-damaging and addictive behaviour in bulimia nervosa. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 190-194. doi: 10.1192/bjp.163.2.190
62. Lacey, J.H., & Moureli, E. (1986). Bulimic alcoholics: Some features of a clinical sub-group. British Journal of Addiction, 81, 389-393. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1986.tb00345.x
63. Lehman, A.F., & Dixon, L.B. (1995). Double jeopardy: Chronic mental illness and substance use disorders. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic.
64. Lindeman, M., & Stark, K. (2000). Loss of pleasure, ideological food choice reasons and eating pathology. Appetite, 35, 263- 268. doi: 10.1006/appe.2000.0357
65. Linehan, M.M. (1993a). Cognitive-behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
66. Linehan, M.M. (1993b). Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.
67. Linehan, M.M., & Dimeff, L.A. (1997). Dialectical behavior therapy manual of treatment interventions for drug abuser with borderline personality disorder. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington.
68. Linehan, M.M., Dimeff, L.A., Reynolds, S.K., Comtois, K.A., Welch, S.S., Heagerty, P., & Kivlahan, P.D.R. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy versus comprehensive validation therapy plus 12-step for the treatment of opioid dependent women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 67, 13-26. doi: 10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00011-X
69. Linehan, M.M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L.A., Craft, J.C., Kanter, J., & Comtois, K.A. (1999). Dialectical behaviour therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug dependence. The American Journal on Addictions, 8, 279-292. doi: 10.1080/105504999305686
70. Mallinckrodt, C.H., Clark, W.S., & David, S.R. (2001). Accounting for dropout bias using mixed effects models. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 11, 9-21.
71. McLellan, A.T., Kusher, H., Metzger, D., Peters, R., Smith, I., Grisson, G., & Pettinati, H. (1992). The fifth edition of the Addiction Severity Index: Historical critique and normative data. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 9, 199-213.
72. McLellan, A.T., Luborsky, L., O'Brien, C.P., & Woody, G.E. (1980). An improved diagnostic instrument for substance abuse patients: The Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders, 168, 26-33.
73. Mitchell, J.E., Pyle, R.L., Eckert, E.D., Hatsukami, D., & Soll, E. (1990). A comparison study of antidepressants and structured group psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 149-157.
74. Mokrani, M.C., Duval, F., Crocq, M.A., Bailey, P.E., Macher, J.P., Grilo, C.M., Levy, K.N., Becker, D.F., Edell, W.S., & McGlashan, T.H. (1995). Eating disorders in female inpatients with versus without substance use disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 20, 255- 260. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)00065-4
75. NIAAA (1993). Psychiatric comorbidity with alcohol use disorders. Eighth special report to the US congress on alcohol and health (pp. 37-59). Washington, DC: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
76. Palmer, R.L., Birchall, H., Damani, S., Gatward, N., McGrain, L., & Parker, L. (2003). A dialectical behavior therapy program for people with an eating disorder and borderline personality disorder - description and outcome. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33, 281- 286. doi: 10.1002/eat.10141
77. Pearlstein, T. (2002). Eating disorders and comorbidity. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 4, 67-78. doi: 10.1007/s007370200002
78. Pierrehumbert, B., Bader, M., Miljkovitch, R., Mazet, P., Amar, M., & Halfon, O. (2002). Strategies of emotion regulation in adolescents and young adults with substance dependence or eating disorders. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 9, 384- 394. doi: 10.1002/cpp.339
79. Piran, N., & Robinson, S.R. (2006). The association between disordered eating and substance use and abuse in women: A community-based investigation. Women and Health, 44, 1-20. doi: 10.1300/J013v44n01_01
80. von Ranson, K.M., Iacono, W.G., & McGue, M. (2002). Disordered eating and substance use in an epidemiological sample: I. Associations within individuals. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 389-403. doi: 10.1002/eat.10050
81. Safer, D.L., Telch, C.F., & Agras, W.S. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 632-634. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.4.632
82. Sansone, R.A., Fine, M.A., & Nunn, J.L. (1994). A comparison of borderline personality symptomatology and self-destructive behavior in women with eating, substance abuse, and both eating and substance abuse disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 8, 219-228.
83. Sansone, R.A., & Sansone, L.A. (2007). Eating disorders and psychiatric comorbidity: Prevalence and treatment modifications. In J. Yager, & P.S. Powers (Eds), Clinical manual of eating disorders (pp. 79-107). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
84. Santen, G., Gomeni, R., Danhof, M, & Della Pasqua, O. (2008). Sensitivity of the individual items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to response and its consequences for the assessment of efficacy. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42, 1000-1009.
85. Schuckit, M.A., Tipp, J.E., Anthenelli, R.M., Bucholz, K.K., Hesselbrock, V.M., & Nurnberger, U.I., Jr. (1996). Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in alcohol-dependent men and women and their relatives. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 74-82.
86. Sklar, S.M., Annis, H.M., & Turner, N.E. (1997). Development and validation of the Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire: A measure of coping self-efficacy. Addictive Behaviors, 22, 655- 670.
87. Sklar, S.M., & Turner, N.E. (1999). A brief measure for the assessment of coping self-efficacy among alcohol and other drug users. Addiction, 94, 723-729. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94572310.x
88. Smith, B.W., Shelley, B.M., Leahigh, L., & Vanleit, B. (2006). A preliminary study of the effects of a modified mindfulness intervention on binge eating. Complementary Health Practice Review, 11, 133-143. doi: 10.1177/1533210106297217
89. Solomon, M.R. (2001). Eating as both coping and stressor in overweight control. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36, 563-572. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.02009.x
90. Stark, M.J. (1992). Dropping out of substance abuse treatment: A clinically oriented review. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 93- 116.
91. Steinhausen, H.C. (2002). The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1284-1293.
92. Stewart, S.H. (1996). Alcohol abuse in individuals exposed to trauma: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 83-112. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.83
93. Stewart, S.H., Brown, C.G., Devoulyte, K., Theakston, J., & Larsen, S.E. (2006). Why do women with alcohol problems binge eat? Exploring connections between binge eating and heavy drinking in women receiving treatment for alcohol problems. Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 409-425. doi: 10.1177/1359105306063313
94. Stice, E., Presnell, K., & Bearman, S.K. (2001). Relation of early menarche to depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, and comorbid psychopathology among adolescent girls. Developmental Psychology, 37, 608-619. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.37.5.608
95. Strasser, T.J., Pike, K.M., & Walsh, B.T. (1992). The impact of prior substance abuse on treatment outcome for bulimia nervosa. Addictive Behavior, 17, 387-395.
96. Strober M., Freeman R., Bower S., & Rigali J. (1996). Binge eating in anorexia nervosa predicts later onset of substance use disorder: A ten-year prospective, longitudinal follow-up on 95 adolescents. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 25, 519-532. doi: 10.1007/BF01537546
97. Sysko, R., & Hildebrandt, T. (2009). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for individuals with bulimia nervosa and a co-occurring substance use disorder. European Eating Disorders Review, 17, 89-100. doi: 10.1002/erv.906
98. Taylor, A.V., Peveler, R.C., Hibbert, G.A., & Fairburn, C.G. (1993). Eating disorders among women receiving treatment for an alcohol problem. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14, 147-151. doi: 10.1002/1098-108X(199309)14:2<147::AID-EAT2260140204>3.0.CO;2-5
99. Telch, C.F., Agras, W.S., & Linehan, M.M. (2000). Group dialectical behaviour therapy for binge-eating disorder: A preliminary, uncontrolled trial. Behavior Therapy, 31, 569-582. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(00)80031-3
100. Telch, C.F., Agras, W.S., & Linehan, M.M. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 1061-1065. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.69.6.1061
101. Touyz, L.Z.G., Anouf, A., Borjian, A., & Ferrari, C. (2010). Dental erosion and GORD - Gastro Oesophageal Reflux Disorder. International Dentistry, 12, 4.
102. Varner, L. (1995). Dual diagnosis: Patients with eating and substance related disorders. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 95, 224-225. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(95)00052-6
103. Vastag, B. (2001). What's the connection? No easy answers for people with eating disorders and drug abuse. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 1006-1007. doi: 10.1001/jama.285.8.1006
104. Waller, G., & Osman, S. (1998). Emotional eating and eating psychopathology among non-eating-disordered women. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 23, 419-424. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(199805)23:4<419::AID-EAT9>3.0.CO;2-L
105. Wilfley, D.E., Friedman, M.A., Dounchis, J.Z., Stein, R.I., Welch, R.R., & Ball, S.A. (2000). Comorbid psychopathology in binge eating disorder: Relation to eating disorder severity at baseline and following treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 641-649. doi: 10.1037/TO22-006X.68.4641
106. Wilson, G.T., Loeb, K.L., Walsh, B.T., Labovie, E., Petkova, E., Liu, X., & Waternaux, C. (1999). Psychological versus pharmacological treatments of bulimia nervosa: Predictors and processes of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 451-459. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.67.4.451
107. Wiser, S., & Telch, C.F. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy for binge-eating disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 755-768. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199906)55:6<755::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-R
108. Witkiewitz, K., Marlatt, G.A., & Walker, D.D. (2005). Mindfulness-based relapse prevention for alcohol use disorders: The meditative tortoise wins the race. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19, 221-228. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.20.3.343
109. Wolfe, W.L., & Maisto, S.A. (2000). Eating disorders and substance use: Moving beyond co-prevalence research. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 617-631. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00009-4
110. Wonderlich, S.A., Connolly, K.M., & Stice, E. (2004). Impulsivity as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior: Assessment implications with adolescents. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 172-182. doi: 10.1002/eat.20033
111. Zipfel, S., Seibel, M.J., Lowe, B., Beumont, P.J., Kasperk, C., & Herzog, W. (2001). Osteoporosis in eating disorders: A follow-up study of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 5227-5233.