Lessons from abroad: Foreign influences on Chinas emerging civil society

China Journal

Volumn , Issue 68, 2012, Pages 125-146

  Spires, Anthony J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; CAPACITY BUILDING; CIVIL SOCIETY; FIELDWORK; IMPERIALISM; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION;

CHINA;

EID: 84866292024     PISSN: 13249347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/666577     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Data from The Foundation Center online database, http://foundationcenter. org (accessed 2 May 2011 for 2003-09 data, and 19 November 2006 for 2002 data).
2. Data from EED, http://www.eed.de/en/en. eed/en. eed.eed/en. eed.eed.finanzen. 2006/index.html#HL0 (accessed 19 September 2006). In 2005, EED received 65.7 per cent of its income from the German government.
3. Data from CIDA, http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/CIDAWEB/acdicida.nsf/En/JUD- 31112026-M6Untro (accessed 19 September 2006).
4. A few examples include: Timothy Brook and B. Michael Frolic, Civil Society in China (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1997);
5. Elizabeth C. Economy, The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China's Future (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004);
6. Kenneth W. Foster, "Embedded Within State Agencies: Business Associations in Yantai", The China Journal, No. 47(January 2002), pp. 41-65;
7. Jonathan Unger and Anita Chan, "Associations in a Bind: The Emergence of Political Corporatism", in Jonathan Unger (ed.), Associations and the Chinese State: Contested Spaces (Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 2008), pp. 48-68;
8. Fengshi Wu, "New Partners or Old Brothers? GONGOs in Transnational Environmental Advocacy in China" (Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2002).
9. See Pan Rulong and Dai Zhengqin, "'Yanse geming' yu guoji fei zhengfu zuzhi" (Color Revolutions and International Nongovernmental Organizations), Dianzi keji daxue xuebao shekeban (Journal of UESTC [Social Sciences Edition]), Vol. 7, No. 4(December 2005), pp. 77-79;
10. Jeanne L. Wilson, "Coloured Revolutions: The View from Moscow and Beijing" Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 25, No. 2(2009), pp. 369-95;
11. and Zhao Liqing, "Ruhe kandai zai Zhongguo de waiguo geizhengfuzuzhi" (How to View Foreign Nongovernmental Organizations in China), Study Times, 21 August 2006, http://www.studytimes.com.cn/txt/2006-08/ 21/content-7094045.htm (accessed 1 November 2006).
12. See Liqing Zhao and Carolyn Iyoya Irving (eds), The Non-Profit Sector and Development: The Proceedings of the International Conference in Beijing in July 1999 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Press for Social Sciences Limited, 2001), pp. 234-320.
13. Sada Aksartova, "Promoting Civil Society or Diffusing NGOs? U. S. Donors in the Former Soviet Union", in D. C. Hammack and S. Heydemann (eds), Globalization, Philanthropy, and Civil Society: Projecting Institutional Logics Abroad (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2009), pp. 160-91.
14. Terje Tvedt, "Development NGOs: Actors in a Global Civil Society or in a New International Social System?" Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Vol. 13, No. 4(2002), pp. 369-70.
15. Linda Mollenhauer, Benchmarks of Excellence for the Voluntary Sector (Ottawa: ALS Society of Canada and Health Canada, 1999).
16. See Jeanne L. Wilson, "Coloured Revolutions".
17. Immanuel Wallerstein, "After Developmentalism and Globalization, What?" Keynote address at conference, "Development Challenges for the 21st Century", Cornell University (1 October 2004), p. 2, http://socialforces.unc.edu/epub/pub-soc/cornell.pdf (accessed 2 July 2007).
18. Blessings Chinsinga, "The Participatory Development Approach under a Microscope: The Case of the Poverty Alleviation Programme in Malawi", Journal of Social Development in Africa, No. 18, Vol. 1(2003), pp. 129-44;
19. Ray Jennings, "Participatory Development as New Paradigm: The Transition of Development Professionalism" paper prepared for the "Community Based Reintegration and Rehabilitation in Post-Conflict Settings" Conference, Washington (October 2000), http://www.usaid.gov/hum- response/oti/pubs/ptdvl000.pdf (accessed 11 July 2005);
20. James Sheehan, "NGOs and Participatory Management Styles: A Case Study of CONCERN Worldwide, Mozambique", CVO International Working Paper Number 2(undated), http://www Jse.ac.uk/collections/CCS/pdf/int-work-paper2.pdf (accessed 11 July 2005).
21. This has proven challenging, however. The election process for these representatives has been tangled in disputes, and in 2011 the Global Fund froze money transfers to China for a period of several months, due in part to China's failure to bring grass-roots NGOs fully to the table in its HIV-AIDS program. See Gillian Wong, "Global Fund Lifts China Grant Freeze", Associated Press, 23 August 2011, http://news.yahoo.com/apnewsbreak-global-fund-lifts- china-grant-freeze-131838094.html (accessed 7 October 2011).
22. Ray Jennings, "Participatory Development", p. 1.
23. Institutional isomorphism refers to the theory that organizations inhabiting a certain "organizational field" will tend to look and act more alike due to the coercive, normative and mimetic pressures inherent in their environment. See Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell, "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields", American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, No. 2(April 1983), pp. 147-60.
24. P. 837 in Janet G. Townsend, Gina Porter and Emma Mawdsley, "The Role of the Transnational Community of NGOs: Governance or Poverty Reduction?", Journal of International Development, Vol. 14(2002), pp. 829-39.
25. For more on US foundations and their choices of grantees in China, see Anthony J. Spires, "Organizational Homophily in International Grantmaking: US-Based Foundations and their Grantees in China", Journal of Civil Society, Vol. 7, No. 3(2011), pp. 305-31.